*Geoffrey Rossiter, executive secretary. Arthur Gunderson, press attaché, and USIS information officer. Prof. Herbert Burton, principal of School of General Studies. *Mr. Hodgkins, deputy registrar. Various faculty. Called on U.S. Ambassador William Sebald. AUSTRALIA-MELBOURNE December 20-Tuesday (Stalker and Ige) University of Melbourne: *Sir G. W. Paton, vice chancellor. A. I. Johnston, registrar. *Dr. Rogers, dean, graduate school. College of Commerce, University of Melbourne: W. Rest, chairman. W. Cochran. J. E. Isaac. *Dr. MacMahon Ball, chairman, political science department. Mr. William K. Braun, CAO, Melbourne. Also visited International House: Mr. Dimmick, head of house. NEW ZEALAND AUCKLAND (STALKER AND IGE) December 23-Friday Mr. James Parker, American consul in Auckland. *Mr. Kenneth J. Maidment, vice chancellor, University of Auckland. Miss Hawkins, Maori Cultural Association. For transportation and hospitality, greatly indebted to Jack L. Richards, branch manager, Colyer Watson & Co. NEW ZEALAND WELLINGTON (GOTO, WACHTER, LAU) December 23-Friday *Sir George Currie, vice chancellor, University of New Zealand. Victoria University: *Dr. Ronald F. Waters, geography department. Dr. S. H. Franklin, geography department. Visit to Massey Agriculture College at Palmerston North; met various faculty. Eric Budge, executive secretary, USEF, New Zealand. John Blake Lanum, USIS, PAO. Alan Hughes, lecturer, Massey College. Luncheon: Ruth Bacon, chargé d'affaires, and members of Embassy staff. General hospitality extended by Mr. Cliff Pearce, manager, Colyer Watson & Co., Wellington. *Important for possible future contracts. APPENDIX B President University of UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII, Honolulu, Hawaii, October 10, 1960. DEAR PRESIDENT: The Congress of the United States has formally established the Center for Cultural and Technical Interchange between East and West at the University of Hawaii (commonly referred to as the East-West Center). In connection with the establishment of this Center, a group of five representatives from the University of Hawaii plans to make an extensive visit to Asian countries, covering the major universities, for the purpose of— (1) Providing accurate and detailed information about the concept, programs, and organization of the East-West Center for educational, governmental, and business leaders in Asia; (2) Investigating possibilities for proper procedures for selection of scholars in each country, establishing where necessary and feasible contacts with foreign nationals to assist in screening; (3) Establishing a wide variety of contacts for future use in selecting advisory boards and visiting scholars and leaders; (4) Soliciting suggestions and ideas for means of participation in the programs of the Center by Asian countries and institutions; and (5) Inviting suggestions relative to an agenda and visiting personnel for a meeting here of Asian leaders next winter or spring, the purpose of which should be to discuss the role of Asian participation and to enable us to study at firsthand possible candidates for an International Advisory Board. Our representatives will be in on and hope to arrange a meeting with you and your staff. They will contact you upon their arrival to make an appointment for a time convenient to you. The University of Hawaii administrators who will make the trip are: William M. Wachter, administrative vice president and head of mission. Kenneth K. Lau, director, legislative reference bureau, and chairman, faculty advisory committee on East-West Center. Baron Goto, director, agricultural extension service. I recall with much pleasure the warm hospitality extended to me during my visit at your university last spring. Now that our long dreamed of East-West Center is a reality, we look forward to the establishment of closer ties between our two universities. Very sincerely yours, LAURENCE H. SNYDER, President. APPENDIX C. VISIT OF EAST-WEST TEAM TO HONG KONG TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 8, 1960 A five-man team from the University of Hawaii visited Hong Kong from November 5 to 8 to discuss the newly established Center for Cultural and Technical Interchange between East and West in Hawaii. The team met with D. J. S. Crozier, director of the department of education, and with officials and educators of the University of Hong Kong, Chung Chi College, New Asia College, United College, and the Mencius Educational Foundation. The East-West Center is envisaged as a cultural, technical, and intellectual meeting place for students, educators, scholars, and technicians from the United States and the countries of Asia, enabling Asians and Americans to learn from each other. The Center is to be financed by appropriations from the State of Hawaii and the U.S. Government. The Center will provide scholarships, travel grants, and maintenance support to students and scholars from Asia and the United States. Special facilities are now being expanded to provide for English language training, advanced research projects, Asian and American studies, and translation services. It is expected that when the Center is completed, 2,000 students will be in attendance, about 80 percent of whom will be citizens of Asian and Pacific countries and 20 percent citizens of the United States. The students will have full use of the facilities of the University of Hawaii. Scholarships will be granted to candidates who qualify for admission to the Center. Scholarships will provide full tuition, maintenance, book allowances, and international travel including a study tour of the United States. In general, only graduate students will be eligible for scholarships. Candidates must be proficient in English. In Hong Kong, a board of several members representing educational institutions and agencies will be set up to screen and recommend candidates for scholarships to the Center. Additional information concerning the Center and the scholarship program will be made public as available. The five-man team from the University of Hawaii is headed by Prof. William M. Wachter, administrative vice president of the University of Hawaii. Other members of the group are: Dr. Y. Baron Goto, director, agricultural extension service. Dr. Thomas H. Ige, director, Asian studies program. Prof. Kenneth K. Lau, director, legislative reference bureau, and chairman, faculty advisory committee on the East-West Center. Dr. John N. Stalker, director, overseas operations program. INTERNATIONAL TRAINING AGENCY A SURVEY MADE FOR CENTER FOR CULTURAL AND TECHNICAL INTERCHANGE BETWEEN EAST AND WEST, UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII (By Dr. Sudhir Sen, consultant, May 14-27, 1961) NOTE. This report is submitted in a personal capacity, independently of my work in the United Nations. Owing to the very limited time, it has not been possible to write a more detailed report dealing with the points in greater depth. Should it be found possible, supplementary observations will be submitted at a later date. 1. The terms of reference for my consulting services as stated by President Snyder in his letter dated April 12, 1961, to Mr. David Owen, Executive Chairman of the Technical Assistance Board of the United States, were as follows: First, to review the present operations through the International Cooperation Center in Hawaii; to examine the resources of all the islands, consider the various potentialities for their development, and indicate where and in what ways maximum use is not being made of the facilities; in addition, to make specific suggestions for new areas of training and new techniques in training which might be developed out of existing resources. Second, to examine certain problems and to make certain suggestions relative to the relationships of the training agency, the university, the East-West Center, and the statewide community of which these are a part. Third, to give an evaluation of the present programs in relation to the needs and problems of the countries and areas of Asia and the Pacific. Fourth, in the light of the above factors, to outline certain areas of possible expansion for training programs and techniques beyond those now possible in the existing contracts with ICA and other organizations; to give an indication of other agencies around the world which might be interested in cooperating with the Center in the operation of such programs and which might, in turn, provide financial assistance for such specific functions; also, to provide for the Center an initial contact with such agencies and to submit with it various possibilities for establishing useful and mutually beneficial relationships with them. Fifth, to give advice on the plan of organization of the training agency and to make recommendations in respect to the staffing which must be provided for it. 2. These are comprehensive terms of reference covering a very wide range. It is, of course, out of the question to do anything like full justice to them within the brief space of 2 weeks, or 10 working days. The major part of my limited time had to be devoted to numerous visits and discussions which, as it happened, also involved an appreciable amount of public relations work. (Annex 1 gives a list of the people contacted by me for information as well as for clarifi cation and exchange of ideas relating to the present and future activities of the East-West Center.) 3. In an attempt to put my visit to the most advantageous use, I have endeavored First, to clarify the fundamentals on the basis of which a sound training program could be evolved for the Center; Second, to initiate action in certain cases in cooperation with those who appeared to be in a position to make an effective contribution toward the formulation of the most promising training programs in the immediate future; and Third, to indicate the directions in which further action could be best taken to expedite the preparation and launching of such programs. ICA-ICC activities 4. For assessing the training possibilities within the State of Hawaii, the publication entitled "Hawaii, U.S.A.-Resources for Techncal Assistance" proved a useful starting point. This compendium, published in 1957 and based on data compiled in the previous year, was obviously intended to provide a complete inventory of all the technical assistance resources of this State. A summary of this compendium, issued by the ICC in October 1957, is attached as annex 2.1 5. It is fairly clear from this summary of resources that the ICA training program was concerned primarily with short-term training, especially for those who came to these islands mainly as "observer-participants" to take a quick look at the activities carried out in the areas of their specific interests. It is significant that of the 147 items listed in the summary, only 14 show a 2-year duration of training, all in the field of vocational training in industry, and only one item, i.e., university training in public health nursing (item 130), shows a 1-year duration. The rest are for much shorter periods, and most of them for only a few weeks or a few days. 6. The short-term character of the ICA training in Hawaii is also evident from the data relating to the participant training given in the annual report of the ICC. A summary of the relevant data, as prepared by the ICC for the financial year 1960, is attached as annex 3. The following table sums up the position for the last 4 years : 7. In fiscal year 1960 there was no ICA participant with training duration exceeding 1 year; there were only six participants with 1-year duration-three nurses, two printers, and one agriculturist; however, under the WHO program two nurses were being trained in this State, each on a 2-year course. 8. The new agreement which has been drawn up following the transfer of the ICC to the administrative control of the East-West Center with effect from April 17, 1961, does not seem to visualize any major change in the character of the ICA operations. This new agreement between the ICA and the board of regents of the University of Hawaii as represented by the International Training Agency, which is now under consideration and is due to be effective as of July 1, 1961, states that training is generally expected to be of three types: Academic level training, 6 months to 1 year; joint academic and inservice training, 6 months to 1 year; and joint continental United States-Hawaii technical cooperation programs, 1 week to 6 months. Hitherto ICA training fell overwhelmingly under the third category. And it is to be seen to what extent the emphasis shifts to the other two categories in future. 1 Copies of annex may be consulted in East-West Center office. 2 Copies of annex may be consulted in East-West Center office. Need for inservice training 9. Given the wide and, as a rule, very thin coverage of the ICA-operated program, it is not too difficult to see the directions in which one must work for better utilization of the technical assistance resources of the State of Hawaii. Clearly, it is not a question of discovering new areas for training, but of determining which of the known and existing areas could and should be cultivated to greater depths for the benefit of all concerned. The main task before the International Training Agency (ITA) of the East-West Center is to develop an inservice or on-the-job training program in selected areas where Hawaii offers definite advantages for such training. 10. There are three major areas where sizable programs for inservice training would be eminently justified: Tropical agriculture including studies of various disciplines at the College of Tropical Agriculture, Agricultural Extension Service, and the Soil Conservation Service; vocational training particularly at the technical schools; and public health with the main emphasis on environmental sanitation. 11. It is significant that the existing ICA program shows a heavy concentration of training in the field of agriculture which accounted for 45 percent of the ICA participants trained in Hawaii in fiscal year 1960. Industry accounted for another 18.2 percent. Taken together, these two fields were responsible for three-fifths of the total number of ICA participants. And as it happens, they also represent by far the most important fields of training for the economic development of countries in Asia and the Pacific region. Tropical agriculture 12. The trump card of Hawaii lies in tropical agriculture. It is the only State in the United States that can offer training in this field. Indeed, at present it has hardly any serious competitor in the world, although Trinidad and Formosa have much to offer in certain specific aspects of tropical agriculture. The fact that Hawaii has a high proportion of small holdings-in 1959, 57.1 percent of its arable lands were owned by 3,566 farmers, each with a farm of under 10 acres-is also an important consideration, since in most countries of Asia and the Pacific region agriculture is conducted on a very small scale with very simple tools. Lastly, the ethnic setting of Hawaii with a population largely of Oriental and Polynesian extraction provides a favorable psychological milieu for training in agriculture as well as in many other fields. 13. In order to explore the possibilities of on-the-job or inservice training in tropical agriculture, I devoted much of my time here to discussions with Dr. Rosenberg, Dr. Goto, and Mr. Williams in Honolulu. I also visited the agricultural experiment stations in Kona and Hilo and held discussions with the people concerned with extension service work and agricultural experiments. As a result, I feel fairly confident that an appreciable number of trainees can be trained in agriculture and home economics in the State of Hawaii intensively for periods extending up to 2 years. At my request, Dr. Baron Goto, director of the Agricultural Extension Service, has made some preliminary proposals in a letter dated May 22, 1961, which is attached as annex 4. It will be noticed that, according to Dr. Goto, Hawaii can train 200 to 300 participants in agriculture and home economics if the program were properly developed and handled. 14. The information supplied by Dr. Rosenberg shows that there are now 83 graduate students enrolled in the graduate disciplines pertaining to tropical agriculture. Of these, 24 students are from Hawaii and mainland United States while the remaining 59 are natives of various countries of Asia and the Pacific region. Dr. Rosenberg feels that the total number of graduate students to be trained in the 14 divisions of the College of Tropical Agriculture could be considerably increased-he has suggested a total of over 300 graduate students to be reached by 1965-provided necessary facilities, including accommodation, are correspondingly expanded. 15. Mr. Williams of the Soil Conservation Service, too, takes an optimistic view about the prospects of inservice training in the modern techniques of soil conservation. He has emphasized, and I think correctly, that soil science, including classification of soils, has been a neglected subject in tropical countries and that Hawaii can play a significant role in helping them in making good this serious omission. He has promised to send concrete proposals after a month or so to facilitate the formulation of a program in due course. 16. My visit to the agricultural experiment station at Kona and a 2-hour discussion with Dr. Fukunaga has left no doubt in my mind that training under |