Translation 14. The Translation Bureau should concentrate on translations not otherwise available that will facilitate other aspects of the Center's program. The Bureau's program should be developed slowly, deliberately, and selectively. Much work is being done throughout the Nation on translations. The Bureau should become well acquainted with this work so as to avoid duplication of effort. In its early development, the Bureau should concentrate on those activities which will best facilitate the Center's overall program. Publications 15. The Center should clarify its programs before proceeding further with plans for publications. STUDENTS 16. Award of student scholarships should be the responsibility of the Center, collaborating with other units of the university. The University of Hawaii would then instruct the students in those areas where it is qualified to do so. In other areas, joint instructional arrangements might be made with the university and with other institutions on the mainland and in Asia or the Pacific basin. This would apply to American as well as Asian students. 17. Emphasis should be placed upon the training of graduate students rather than undergraduates. The supply of students at the graduate level is high in many Asian countries. In addition, undergraduate students are finding their way to U.S. institutions in large numbers under one sponsorship or another. Thus, the resources of the Center will contribute more in the long run if used for graduate training. However, exception could be made in the case of those Pacific islands and Asian countries where there are meager training opportunities for undergraduate students. 18. The ratio of American students to Asian students should be increased from the contemplated one-fifth to one-third of the total number of students. The need for the American student to study Asia and its problems is great. Furthermore, a larger ratio of American students would place the program on a more reciprocal basis. 19. Asian students should be integrated into the general university student community. The proposed plan of dormitory quarters for Center students should be changed so that Asian students do not live isolated from the general student body in large Center dormitories. They should be dispersed throughout the university's dormitory system and treated like other university students. In addition, community hospitality should make it possible for each visiting student to know American family life. This will give the Asian students a better conception of American culture as well as greater personal attachment in a strange country and culture. SENIOR SCHOLARS 20. The annual number of senior scholars should be reduced to approximately 50 from Asia and 25 from the United States. 78304-62-13 The present senior scholar program is too ambitious. Recruiting and servicing 200 scholars a year represents an almost impossible task. Many of the scholars should be selected and their programs planned to permit group exploration of special subjects or problem areas. For example, the Center might bring together a group of scholars to explore problems of rapidly developing higher education in Asia and the United States. Scholars from Asia should be encouraged to spend a substantial portion of their time on the mainland; and scholars from the mainland should be given the opportunity to schedule a substantial portion of their time in Asia. NAME 21. A more appropriate name, such as Asian-American Center or Pacific International Center, should be considered. The formal name of the Center is too long; its logical reduction to "East-West Center" is too dichotomous or devisive in implication. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES 22. The Center should soon sponsor and publicize widely a series of international conferences with distinguished international participants. Two such conferences-the Pacific Science Conference and the Philosophers Conference of 1962-have already been planned. To other conference topics which might be especially suitable are: The Pacific Ocean, including its oceanography, geography, marine biology, botany and agriculture of its islands, etc. A Pacific festival of the arts, featuring nonverbal arts such as painting, sculpture, decorative art and design, music, dance, and other art forms whose communication would not be blocked by language barriers. Other possible topics include education, public health and nutrition, anthropology, race relations, geophysics, and Asian studies. Conferences should be designed to dramatize the long-range interests and goals of the Center, and should be an important part of the long-range program of the Center. EXPRESSION OF DIVERGENT OPINIONS 23. The rights of students and senior scholars to express divergent political views and to espouse divergent ideologies should be rigorously protected. The Center should anticipate the public relations problems which will undoubtedly arise as visitors from other countries express views unpalatable to the public and the Government. It is important that the visitors' rights to speak be scrupulously guarded, both to demonstrate the American concept of free speech and to illustrate the American commitment to the free and unhampered investigation of ideas. GOVERNMENT SUPPORT AND APPROPRIATIONS 24. The Federal Government should commit itself to indefinite, long-term basic support of the Center. The Center is a significant new program and needs a commitment for Federal support beyond the few years now planned. Once the Center reaches a significant level of programing, it will be impossible to finance on the basis of private grants and donations. 25. Appropriations for the Center should be made for terms. of 3 years rather than annually. Annual appropriations hamper effective operations. For instance, the Center is now awaiting this year's appropriations to make staff and scholarship commitments for September, though the time is already past when such commitments are normally made. 26. The Center's current 3-year appropriation should be reduced from $30 to $25 million. If a 3-year appropriation is not possible, then the 1-year appropriation should be $8.5 million, or $1.5 million less than the nearly $10 million now requested." Under existing budget proposals, the magnitude of the program is too great for effective and orderly development within the next 3 years. The recommended reductions should be achieved by a decrease in the number of student scholarships and senior scholar grants, with commensurate reduction in buildings and facilities. The committee wishes to restate that the Center as an educational program needs to be closely associated with an educational institution. And it is its belief that the approach suggested by this report will make it possible for the Center to derive strength from the university and for the university to gain in its broad educational growth. The Committee of Consultants: GLEN L. TAGGART, Secretary. HERMAN B. WELLS. SUMMARY LIST OF MAJOR RECOMMENDATIONS 1. The Center is soundly conceived and should be vigorously developed as an important national resource and a contribution to international understanding. 2. The Center should continue to be affiliated with the University of Hawaii. 3. A new position, that of chancellor, should be established for administration of the Center. 4. Selection of the chancellor should proceed as carefully and rapidly as possible. 5. The regents should appoint an advisory council of qualified persons from Asia and the United States to advise the chancellor in direction of the Center. 6. The Center should administer directly the Institute for Advanced Projects, the International Training Agency, and the Translation Bureau. 7. The formal education of students and the provision of student services should be the direct responsibility of the University of Hawaii and other universities, through contractual arrangements with the Center. The International College should be disbanded. 8. The Center should be accorded much greater flexibility in fiscal and personnel matters than is now possible under university policies. 9. The Center should focus its programs on those subject areas where the State and the university offer present or potential strengths and advantages. 10. The Center should assist in the development of a university program that will attract highly qualified graduate students and senior scholars to Hawaii. 11. The Center should strengthen its programs wherever possible by maintaining close working relations with associated institutions in Hawaii. 12. To meet Asian needs, great emphasis should be placed upon the functions of the International Training Agency. 13. The Translation Bureau should concentrate on translations not otherwise available that will facilitate other aspects of the Center's program. 14. The Center should clarify its programs before proceeding further with plans for publications. 15. Award of student scholarships should be the responsibility of the Center. 16. Greater emphasis should be placed upon the training of graduate students. 17. The ratio of American students to Asian students should be increased from the contemplated one-fourth to one-third of the total number of students. 18. Asian students should be integrated into the general university student community. 19. The annual number of senior scholars should be reduced to approximately 50 from Asia and 25 from the United States. 20. A more appropriate name, such as Asian-American Center, should be considered. 21. The Center should soon sponsor and publicize widely a series of international conferences with distinguished international participants. 22. The rights of students and senior scholars to express divergent political views and to espouse divergent ideologies should be rigorously protected. 23. The Federal Government should commit itself to indefinite, long-term support of the Center. 24. Appropriations for the Center should be made for terms of 3 years rather than annually. 25. The Center's current 3-year appropriation should be reduced from $30 million to $25 million. If a 3-year appropriation is not possible, then the 1-year appropriation should be $8.5 million, or $1.5 million less than the $10 million now requested. FIRST ANNUAL REPORT, CENTER FOR CULTURAL AND TECHNICAL INTERCHANGE BETWEEN EAST AND WEST, AT CLOSE OF FISCAL YEAR 1961 (Prepared by East-West Center for Department of State) SUMMARY Eight months have elapsed since funds were made available to the University of Hawaii under a grant from the Federal Government to establish the East-West Center. During this period, a wide variety of activities has been undertaken in implementing the three major phases of the Center's objective to facilitate cultural and technical interchange: (1) The student scholarship and studies program, (2) the senior scholar and advanced research program, and (3) the in-service technical training program. Ín overall policy formulation and programing, the most significant development has been the reorganization of the Center based on recommendations of an eminent consultive team which surveyed the Center in May and June. Generally, the reorganization gives the Center greater autonomy in the areas of budgeting, programing, personnel management, and the establishment of cooperative relationships. Earlier, a national consultive meeting was held in the spring and a study completed for the expansion of technical training operations by the Center. Also, a five-man team visited Asia late in 1960, and two Center representatives have left on a Center mission to south and southeast Asia to resolve problems in the field. Plans are underway to hold an Asian consultive meeting in the future. Almost 3,000 inquiries and over 1,000 applications for scholarships have been received. Of the first 100 Center scholarship grantees, 98 are now studying on the University of Hawaii campus or are on study tours on the mainland. Excellent cooperation was received from American Embassies, binational boards, and agencies in Asia in screening and assisting the movement of these students to Hawaii by February. Awarding of grants for the next group of scholars to be brought in September is almost completed, and travel arrangements are now being made. In support of the Center scholarship program, special language training and area studies have either been started or those already in existence have been augmented. The university has added instructional positions to accommodate the increase in enrollment due to Center grantees. Similarly, the staffs of student services have been supplemented under Center aegis to provide counseling, housing, food, and health services for Center students. Much of the work of the Institute of Advanced Projects has been designed to establish policies and procedures for facilitating the coming to Hawaii of advanced scholars. Two senior scholars have already completed their periods of residence on a project surveying |