A.

Abydos, revolution in the govern-
ment of, v. 6, § 6; power of the
clubs, ib. §§ 6, 13.
Account, power of calling magis-
trates to, in Sparta exercised by
the Ephors, ii. 9, § 26; given by
Solon to the people, ib. 12, § 5;
iii. II, 8; and justly claimed
by them, iii. 11; when exercised
by all, a mark of democracy, iv.
14, §§ 4-6; vi. 2, § 5; 4, § 5.
Accountants, vi. 8, § 17.
Achaea [in Peloponnesus]; treach-
ery of the Achaeans to the Troe-
zenians at the foundation of Sy-
baris, v. 3, § 11.
Achaea [Pthiotis]; wars of the
Achaeans with the Thessalians,
ii. 9, § 3.

Achaeans, the (in Colchis), said to
be cannibals, viii. 4, § 3.
Achilles, complaint of, against Aga-
memnon (Il. ix. 648), quoted, iii.
5, $9.

Acquisition, the art of, (i) the
natural, i. 9, § 12; 11, §§ 1, 2;
includes war in certain cases]
and hunting, i. 7, § 5; 8, § 12;
vii. 14, § 21; a part of household
management, i. 4, § 1; 8, §§ 13-
15; 9, §§ 1-8; 10, §§ 1-4; 11, § 2 ;
has a limit, ib. 8, § 14; 9, §§ 13-
18: (ii) that which is contrary to
nature, including (a) exchange
which goes beyond the need of
life, i. 9, §§ 2-5; 10, § 4; 11, § 3;
(b) usury, ib. 10, § 4; 11, § 3;
(c) trade, ib. 9, § 4; 10, § 4; 11,
§3; (d) service for hire, ib. 11,

3: (iii) the intermediate kind,
ib. § 4.
Action, the slave a minister of, i. 4,
§§ 4-6; 5, § 9; the life of,-is
it the best? ii. 6, § 8; vii. 2; 3.

Actions, divided into a superior and
an inferior class, vii. 14, §§ 10-14.
Adamas, aided in the murder of
Cotys, v. 10, § 18.

Admiral, office of (at Sparta), ii. 9,
§ 33.

Adoption, laws of, enacted by
Philolaus at Thebes, ii. 12, § 10.
Adultery, punishments for, caused
revolutions at Heraclea and
Thebes, v. 6, § 15; law which
should be adopted about, vii. 16,
§ 18.

Ægina, number of merchant sea-
men at, iv. 4, § 21; plot of Chares
to overturn the government, v. 6,
§ 9.
Enos, in Thrace, v. 10, § 18.
Æsymnetes, the, or dictators of
ancient Hellas, iii. 14, §§ 8-10,
14; iv. 10, § 2 ; always received
a guard, iii. 15, § 16.
Affection, would be destroyed by
communism, ii. 4, §§ 5-9; the
two qualities which chiefly in-
spire, ib. § 9.

Agamemnon, iii. 5, § 9; 14, § 4;
16, § 10.

Age, offices to be divided among

the citizens, according to, vii. 9,
§§ 4-9; 14, §§ 4, 5; the poets
not (?) right in dividing ages by
sevens, ib. 16, § 17; 17, § 15;
propriety of different kinds of
music for different ages, viii. 7,
§§ 13-15.

Age for gymnastic exercises, the,
vii. 12,5; for marriage, ib. 16,
§§ 1-11; to sit at the public tables,
ib. 17, § 11.

Age, old, tells upon the mind as
well as the body, ii. 9, § 25.
Agesilaus, King of Sparta, v. 7, § 3.
Agriculture, the employment fol-
lowed by the greater part of man-
kind, i. 8, §7; works upon, ib.

140

II, §7; ancient legislation to
encourage, vi. 4, §§ 8-10.
Air, pure, necessity of, vii. 11, § 4.
Alcaeus, songs of, against Pittacus,
iii. 14, § 10.

Alcyone, mother of Diocles the
Corinthian, ii. 12, § 8.
Aleuadae, the, at Larissa, v. 6, § 13.
Aliens, resident, how distinguished
from citizens, iii. 1, § 4; obliged
to have a patron, ib.; enrolled
by Cleisthenes in the tribes, ib. 2,
§3; admitted to citizenship at
Syracuse, v. 3, § 13.

All, fallacy in the word, ii. 3, § 3
(cp. vii. 13, § 10).
Alliance, an, how different from a
state, ii. 2, § 3; iii. 9, §§ 6-8.
Almsgiving, demoralizing effects of,
vi. 5, § 7.

Alternation in office, characteristic
of constitutional governments, i.
1, § 2; 12, § 2 ; ii. 2, §§ 4-7 ; iii.
4, §§ 10, 14-17; 6, §§ 9, 10; 16,
§§ 2, 3; 17, § 4; vi. 2, §§ 2, 5;
vii. 14, §§ 1-5.
Amadocus (?king of the Odrysians),
conspiracy of Seuthes against, v.
10, § 24.

Amasis, king of Egypt, story of, i.
12, § 2.

Ambassadors, enmities between,
fostered by Spartan state policy,
ii. 9, § 30; not to be considered
magistrates, iv. 15, § 3.
Ambition, a cause of crime, ii. 7,
§§ 10-14, 18; 9, § 28; encour-
aged by the Spartan law-giver,
ib. 9, § 28; a motive of revo-
lutions, ii. 7, §§ 10, 18 ; v. 7, § 4 ;
10, § 5.

Ambracia, democratical revolution
at, and expulsion of the tyrant
Periander, v. 3, § 10; 4, § 9; 10,
§ 16.

Amphipolis, the citizens of, ex-
pelled by a Chalcidian colony,
v. 3, § 13; 6, § 8.

Amyntas the Little(?father of Philip),
conspiracy of Derdas against, v.
10, § 16.

Analysis, the method of knowledge,
i. 1, § 3; 2, § 1; 8, § 1.
Anaxilaus, tyranny of, at Rhegium,
v. 12, §.13.

Andria, ancient name of the com-
mon meals at Sparta, ii. 10, § 5.
Androdamas, of Rhegium, gave cer-
tain laws to the Chalcidian cities
of Thrace, ii. 12, § 14.
Andros; affair of the Andrians, ii. 9,
§ 20.

Anger, is insensible to reason, v.
10, § 34; 11, § 31; most bitter
against friends who have done a
wrong, vii. 7, §7; exists even in
very young children, ib. 15, § 10.
Animals, the, intention of Nature in
denying speech to, i. 2, §§ 10-12;
under the dominion of man, ib. 5,
§7; tame better than wild, ib.;
only differ from slaves in not
being able to apprehend reason,
ib. 9; their various modes of
life, ib. 8, §§ 4-6; supply their
offspring with food in different
ways, ib. § 10; created for the
sake of man, ib. §§ 9-12; pro-
duce offspring resembling their
parents, ii. 3, §9; cannot form a
state, iii. 9, §6; lead a life of
nature, not of reason, vii. 13, § 12;
the parts of animals an illustra-
tion of the parts of the state, iv.
4, §§ 7-9; the offspring of young
animals often small and ill-de-
veloped, vii. 16, § 6.

Antileon, tyrant at Chalcis, v. 12,
$12.

Antimenides, brother of Alcaeus,
iii. 14, § 9.

Antissa, in Lesbos, quarrel at, be-
tween the old citizens and the
Chian refugees, v. 3, § 12.
Antisthenes, his fable of the lion
and the hares, iii. 13, § 14.
Aphrodite, why connected with Ares
in mythology, ii. 9, § 8.
Aphytaeans, the (in Pallene), agra-
rian legislation among, vi. 4, § 10.
Apollodorus of Lemnos, author of
a work on Agriculture, i. 11, § 7.
Apollonia (on the Adriatic), early
government of, iv. 4, § 5.
Apollonia (on the Euxine), quarrels
at, between the old and new
citizens, v. 3, § 13; in the oli-
garchy, ib. 6, § 9.

Appeal, a court of, allowed by
Hippodamus, ii. 8, § 4.

Appetitive principle, the, of the
soul, i. 5, §6; iii. 4, § 6; 16, § 5 ;
vii. 15, §§ 9, 10.
Arbitrator, the judge should not be
made into an, ii. 8, § 13; the
middle class the arbitrators of
the state, iv. 12, § 5.

Arcadia; the Arcadians not distri-
buted (?) into villages, ii. 2, § 3;
their wars with the Lacedae-
monians, ib. 9, §§ 3, 11.
Archelaus, king of Macedonia, con-
spiracy of Crataeus and Décam-
nichus against, v. 10, §§ 17, 20.
Archias, of Thebes, pilloried in the
Agora, v. 6, § 15.

Archilochus, quoted, vii. 7, § 6.
Archons, the duties of, vi. 8, § 20;
the single Archon at Epidamnus,
iii. 16, § 1; v. 1, § 12.
Archytas, of Tarentum, invented
the children's rattle, viii. 6, § 2.
Areopagus, the, at Athens (see
Council of Areopagus).

Ares, why connected with Aphro-
dite in mythology, ii. 9, § 8.
Argo, the, refused to take Heracles,
iii. 13, § 16.

Argos, use of ostracism at, v. 3, § 3;
the political changes after Heb-
dome,' ib. 3, §7; the oligarchical
revolution after the battle of Man-
tinea, ib. 4, § 9; the tyranny of
Pheidon, ib. 10, §6; enmity of the
Argives to the Lacedaemonians,
ii. 9, §§ 3, 11.

Ariobarzanes, conspiracy of Mithri-

dates against, v. 10, § 25.
Aristocracy, characterized by elec-
tion for merit, ii. 11, §§ 9, 11; iv.
8, §7; v. 7, § 1; distinguished
from the perfect state, as being a
government of men who are only
good relatively to the constitu-
tion, iv. 7, § 2 (but cp. iii. 4, § 5);
so called because the best rule or
the best interests of the state are
consulted, iii. 7, § 3; not a per-
version, iv. 8, § 1; analogous to
oligarchy (1) because the few rule,
v. 7, § 1; (2) because birth and
education commonly accompany
wealth, iv. 8, § 3;-to royalty as
a government of the best, ib. 10,
§2; preferable to royalty, be-

cause the good are more than
one, iii. 15, §10; how distinguished
from oligarchy and constitutional
government, iv. 7; 8; 14, § 10;
v. 7, §§ 5-9 (cp. ii. 11, §§ 5-10);
usually degenerates into oligar-
chy, iii. 7, § 5; 15, § 11; iv. 2,

2; v. 7, §7; 8, § 7;—causes of
revolutions in aristocracies, v. 7;
the means of their preservation,
ib. 8, §§5-7; aristocracy less stable
than constitutional government,
ib. 7, §6; liable to danger because
the rich have too much power, ib.
12, § 6; might be combined with
democracy if the magistrates were
unpaid and office open to all, ib. 8,
§ 17 (cp. vi. 4, § 6);-magistracies
peculiar to aristocracy, iv. 15,
$10: vi. 8, §§ 22, 24; aristocratical
modes of appointing magistrates
and judges, iv. 15, §§ 20, 21; 16,
$8; practice of trying all suits
by the same magistrates, aristo-
cratical, ii. 11, § 8; iii. 1, § 10 ;-
the people naturally suited to an
aristocracy, iii. 17. §§ 3-7.
Aristogeiton, conspiracy of Harmo-
dius and, v. 10, § 15.

Aristophanes, speech of, in the
Symposium, quoted, ii. 4, § 6.
Arrhibaeus, king of the Lyncestians,
war of, against Archelaus, v. 10,
§ 17.

Art, works of, wherein different from
realities, iii. 11, § 4.

Artapanes, conspiracy of, against
Xerxes, v. 10, § 21.

Artisan, the employments of the,

devoid of moral excellence, i. 13,
§§ 13, 14; iii. 5, § 5 ; vi. 4, § 12;
vii. 9, §§ 3, 7; artisans sometimes
public slaves, ii. 7, § 22; only ad-
mitted to office in democracies,
iii. 4, § 12; often acquire wealth,
ib. 5, 6; the question whether
they are citizens, ib. 5; necessary
to the existence of the state, iv.
4, §§ 9, 21; not a part of the
state, vii. 4, § 6; should be de-
barred from the Freemen's
Agora,' ib. 12, § 3.
Arts, the, require instruments, both
living and lifeless, i. 4; some arts
subservient to others, ib. 8, § 2;

10, §§ 1-4; the arts have a limit
in their means though not in their
end, ib. 8, § 14; 9, § 13; both the
means and the end ought to be
within our control, vii. 13, § 2;
amount of knowledge which a
freeman is permitted in the arts,
i. 11, § 1; viii. 2, § 5; degrees of
excellence in them, i. 11, § 6;
viii. 2, §§ 5,6; changes in, advan-
tageous, ii. 8, § 18; iii. 15, § 4 ;
the analogy of, not to be extended
to the laws, ii. 8, § 24; iii. 15, §4;
exist for the benefit of those under
them, iii. 6, §§ 7-9; by whom
should the artist be judged? ib.
11, §§ 10-14 (cp. viii. 6, §§ 1–4) ;
the arts aim at some good, iii. 12,
§1; justice of the different claims
to political superiority illustrated
from the arts, ib. 12, §§ 4-8 ; law
of proportion in the arts, ib. 13,
§21; the problems of the arts, an
illustration of the problems of
politics, iv. 1, §§ 1-4; the arts
have to supply the deficiencies of
Nature, vii. 17, § 15.

Asia, ii. 10, § 3; iv. 3, § 3; the Asiatics

better fitted for slavery than the
Hellenes, iii. 14, § 6; vii. 7, § 2;
cannibal tribes in Asia, viii. 4, § 3.
Assembly, the, payment of, evil

effects of the practice, ii. 7, § 19;
iv. 6, § 5; vi. 2, § 6; how they
may be counteracted, vi. 5, § 5;
-power monopolised by, in ex-
treme democracies, iv. 6, § 5;
14, § 7; v. 5, § 10; 6, § 17; 9,
§ 14; vi. 2, § 5; 4, § 15 (cp. ii.
12, § 4; v. 11, §§ 11, 12); meet-
ings should be infrequent, vi. 5,
§ 5 (cp. iv. 14, §§ 4, 5); charac-
ter of, in the different kinds of
democracies, iv. 14, §§ 4-7; vi.
2, §§ 5-7; in oligarchies, iv. 14,
§§ 8-11 (cp. iii. 1, § 10); pro-
vision in case of equal voting in
assemblies, vi. 3,§6:-at Carthage,
ii. 11, §§ 5-6; in Crete, ib. 10,
§7; 11, § 6; at Sparta, ib. 11,

6.

Astyages, dethroned by Cyrus, v.
10, 24.

Atarneus (in Mysia), siege of, ii.
7, § 17.

Athene, story of, and the flute, viii.
6, § 13.

Athens; payment of the dicasteries
commenced by Pericles, ii. 12, § 4
(cp.iv.6, §5; vi. 2, §6); evil effects
of the practice, ii. 7, § 19; plan
introduced by Diophantus for the
regulation of the public slaves,
ib. § 23; maintenance at the pub-
lic expense of the children of citi-
zens who had fallen in battle, ib. 8,
§6; the Solonian constitution, ib.
7, §6; 12, §§ 1-6; iii. 11, §8; the
Areopagus (see Council of Areo-
pagus); the Court of Phreatto,
iv. 16, § 3; effect of the Persian
war upon Athens, ii. 12, § 5; v.
4, § 8; viii. 6, § 11; introduction of
flute-playing at Athens after the
Persian war, viii. 6, § 11; the
legislation of Draco, ii. 12, § 13;
the expulsion of the tyrants, iii. 2,
§3; v.12,5; the use of ostracism,
v. 3, §3 (cp. iii. 13, § 15); number
of sailors in the population, iv. 4,
§ 21; new citizens introduced by
Cleisthenes, iii. 2, § 3; the tribes
redivided by him,vi. 4, §17; treat-
ment of the subject cities by
Athens, iii. 13, § 19; democrati-
cal governments forced upon the
allies by the Athenians, iv. 11,
§ 18; v. 7, § 14; great losses of
the nobility in the Peloponnesian
War, v. 3, §7; difference of sen-
timent between the Athenians
and the citizens of the Piraeus,
ib. § 15; origin of the war be-
tween Athens and Mitylene, ib.
4, § 6; defeat of the Athenian
expedition to Sicily, ib. § 9;
government of the Four Hundred,
ib. § 13; 6, §6; of the Thirty,
ib. 6, § 6; rise of Peisistratus to
the tyranny, ib. 5, § 9; 10, § 6;
his trial before the Areopagus,
ib. 12, § 2; conspiracy of Har-
modius and Aristogeiton, ib. 10,
§15; magistracy of the Eleven,
vi. 8, § II.

Athlete, the temperament of an,
not suited to the life of the citizen,
vii. 16, § 12; viii. 4.

Athletics see Gymnastic Exer-
cises.

Attalus (the favourite of Philip of
Macedon), v. 10, § 16.
Auditors, vi. 8, §§ 17, 21.
Ausones, the, or Opici, in southern
Italy, vii. 10, § 5.
Authority, the supreme, varies with
each form of government, iii. 6;
7; 13, § 5; iv. 8, §7; difficulties
upon the subject, iii. 10-13; vi. 3;
how to be divided among the
young and the old, vii. 9, §§ 4-
10; 14, § 5.
Autophradates, satrap of Lydia,
story of his siege of Atarneus, ii.
7, § 17.

Avarice, encouraged at Sparta, ii.
9, §§ 13, 28, 37; at Carthage, ib.
11, § II; a frequent cause of
crime, ib. 7, § 19; 9, § 28; of
revolution, v. 2, § 5; 3, § 1.

B.

Babylonia, ii. 6, § 6; Babylon, iii.
3,5; Babylonians, ib. 13, § 19.
Bacchiadae, the, at Corinth, ii. 12,
$8.
Barbarians, the, do not distinguish
the female and the slave, i. 2, § 4;
generally under kingly rule, ib.
§6 (cp. iii. 14, § 6); regarded by
the Hellenes as natural slaves,
i. 6, § 6; their nobility not re-
cognised by the Hellenes, ib. § 7;
prevalence of barter among them,
ib. 8, § 5.

Barter: see Exchange.

Basilidae, the, an oligarchy at Ery-

thrae, v. 6, § 5.

Benevolence, identified by some

with justice, i. 6, § 4.
Bequest, freedom of, at Sparta, ii.
9, § 14; should be forbidden by
law, v. 8, § 20.

Birth, the Gods who preside over,
vii. 16, § 14.
Birth, good: see Nobility.
Birth, illegitimate, not a disqualifi-
cation for citizenship in extreme
democracies, iii. 5, §7; vi. 4,
§ 16.

Blest, the Islands of the, vii. 15,
§ 4.

Body, the, ruled according to nature
by the soul, i. 5, §§ 4-7; the body
of the freeman not always dis-

tinguished by nature from that
of the slave, ib. § 10; the beauty
of the body more obvious than
that of the soul, ib. § 11; the in-
terest of, identical with that of the
soul, ib. 6, § 10; the goods of, for
the sake of the soul, vii. 1, §§ 8,
9; prior to the soul, ib. 15, § 10;
must not be educated at the same
time as the mind, viii. 3, § 13; 4,
§ 9.
Body, habit of, to be required in the
citizen, vii. 16, § 12; viii. 3, § 13.
Boys, love of, prevalent among war-
like races, ii. 9, § 8; encouraged
in Crete, ib. 10, § 9.
Bribery, common at Sparta, ii. 9,
§§ 19, 26; 10, § 12.
Byzantium, number of fishermen at,
iv. 4, § 21; quarrel between old
and new colonists there, v. 3, §12.

C.

Camicus, death of Minos at, ii. 10,
§ 4.
Cannibal tribes in Pontus, viii. 4,
§3.

Carthage, the constitution of, ana-
logous to those of Lacedaemon
and Crete, ii. 11, §§1, 5; an aristo-
cracy with oligarchical and demo-
cratical features, ib. §§ 5-10; iv.
7, § 4; v. 12, § 14; never had a
revolution, ii. 11, §§ 2, 15 ; v. 12,
§14; never under a tyranny, ii.
11, § 2 (but cp. v. 12, § 12); the
kings partly chosen for ability,
ii. 11, §§ 4, 9; influence of wealth,
ib. §§ 9-13; plurality of offices,
ib. 13; the magistrates judges
in criminal cases, ib. § 7; iii. I,
§§ 10, 11; honours paid to mili-
tary merit, vii. 2, § 10; the con-
spiracy of Hanno, v. 7, § 4; cus-
tom of sending out the poorer
citizens to the colonies, ii. 11,
§ 15; vi. 5, § 9; treaties between
the Carthaginians and the Tyr-
rhenians, iii. 9, § 6.

Caste, an Egyptian institution, vii.
10, §§ 1-7.

Catana, received laws from Cha-
rondas, ii. 12, § 6.

Catapults, invention of, vii. 11, § 9.
Cavalry, importance of, in the an-