3. If these recommendations are adopted by the department, Honolulu will have, within the next few years, three large schools primarily for English-speaking children.

High schools.-The phenomenal increase in high-school enrollment in Hawaii is merely part of a nation-wide and world-wide upreaching of the great masses for better education. The high schools are already acutely overcrowded. New plants are contemplated for Honolulu, Hilo, and Maui, but several years must elapse before these plants are ready for occupancy. In the meantime the congestion will reach a critical stage. One of the ways proposed of relieving this congestion is the establishment of junior high schools throughout the Territory. At these junior high schools the pupils of the seventh, eighth, and ninth grades would be brought together; the transportation furnished at public expense.

Recently, for the first time in the history of the department, the high-school principals were brought together for a conference. The sessions proved to be very helpful along many lines, and such a conference should become an annual event.

The chief reason why private high schools of various kinds have grown up and now flourish in Hawaii is because the Territory has been slow in providing adequate public high-school facilities. It is intended that the development of the American high school shall be among the next forward steps in Hawaii's educational history.

Territorial trade school.-Through appropriations provided by the last legislature this school was established and opened January 1, 1920. There are three departments-machine shop, automobile repair shop, and carpentry shop. The staff consists of 4 men, and the enrollment as of June 30, 1920, was 26. The instruction is of a thoroughly practical character, and the success of the school is attested by the fact that the commercial demand for the graduates at good wages greatly exceeds the available supply. This is a Territorial school, and it is hoped that boys from all parts of the Territory will avail themselves of it.

School for physically defective. This school has been moved to an attractive new home at Waikiki, Honolulu. In addition to the instruction of the blind and deaf, the school has also cared for a large number of feeble-minded children. When the appropriations were made by the last legislature it was stated and planned that the feeble-minded children were to be turned over to the newly established home for the feeble-minded at the beginning of the school year, 1920-21. Due to unavoidable delays in the establishment of the institution for the feeble-minded, the school for physically defective has cared for these children throughout the past year. Community meetings.-During the spring of 1920 a remarkable series of community meetings on the grounds of the larger public schools of Honolulu were held under the auspices of the citizenship committee of the Y. M. C. A. The programs consisted of educational motion pictures, mass singing, four-minute talks, and special features. The audiences, comprising adults and school children, numbered from 200 to 700. This is the first systematic effort in recent years to bring the parents to the public schools. It is genuine Americanization work of large importance. The success of the series was due to the hearty cooperation of the county supervisors, school principals, and the Y. M. C. A.

Foreign-language schools.-Undoubtedly one of the greatest problems confronting Hawaii's public-school progress is the foreignlanguage school. The recommendations of the survey commission regarding these schools occupy several pages, but may be summarized as follows:

Abolish all foreign-language schools, except for foreign children who can never become American citizens, but provide opportunity in the public school, wherever the demand is sufficient, for the study of oriental languages, classes in the same to be held for one hour per day at the close of the regular school session in the public-school classrooms by teachers regularly employed by the Territorial department of education. As prerequisites for enrollment in such classes require that the pupil shall make satisfactory progress in the other work of the public school; that enrollment be by written or oral request of the parent; and that the parent may, if it seem desirable, be required to pay as a monthly fee the pro rata cost of providing teachers for such classes.

Classification of pupils in the public schools, by races.

Classification of pupils in the public schools, by islands.

At the end of the fiscal year the number of pupils enrolled in the public schools of the Territory was 38,295, an increase of 6.07 per cent over the previous year's enrollment. There were 7,406 in the private schools, or 237 more than last year.

Number of schools, teachers, and pupils in the Territory, June 30, 1920.

By Act 203 of the 1919 legislature, effective July 1, 1920, a University of Hawaii was established. The new institution has grown out of the College of Hawaii and will have that institution as its basis. Consequently the year 1919-20 has been the last year of the college as heretofore organized.

The growth in numbers and variety of activities has continued. Early in the year an intensive course of two weeks was given for sugarplantation men in collaboration with the experiment station of the Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association. A total of 64 men attended; the course was sufficiently successful to lead to the belief that it should be repeated in future years.

The Honolulu Aquarium was placed in the care of the college beginning July 1, 1919. Through the generosity of one of the Honolulu families funds have been given for the erection of a marine biological laboratory at the aquarium, which building will be ready for use before the opening of the next academic year.

An agreement has been reached between the board of regents of the college and the trustees of the Bishop Museum allowing an interchange in the use of the various facilities of research. This should prove important in the development of scientific work in Hawaii.

The college has continued its cooperation with the United States Public Health Service and the Territorial board of health in the treatment of leprosy. All derivatives of chaulmoogra oil used at the Kalihi Hospital have been prepared in the college laboratory.

The total registration of students for the year was 242, of whom 106 were studying for degrees, against a total of 145 and 68 working for degrees the previous year.

Nine degrees were conferred at the ninth annual commencement held May 31, 1920, eight bachelors of science and one master of science.

BOARD OF INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS.

There are two industrial schools under the supervision of the board-one for boys, situated at Waialee, on the northern shore of the island of Oahu, and one for girls, at Moiliili, a suburb of Honolulu. These institutions receive and care for all the juvenile delinquents who are not paroled or put on probation by the juvenile court in Honolulu or the circuit judges on the outside islands, who also act as juvenile judges. Instruction is chiefly vocational, and the children receive a portion of their earnings.

Boys' school. There are 159 boys in the school at present. By ages these are as follows:

The school has land in cultivation, as follows:

47

36

15

The pineapple land is cultivated under lease to an outside party. Girls' school. There are 138 girls in this institution, with 24 girls on parole, or a total of 164 girls under supervision as of June 30, 1920. The curriculum includes academic work, rug weaving, weaving of native fibers, mattress making, lace making, sewing, dressmaking, housekeeping, cooking, laundry work, and agriculture. There is a well-equipped playground, and games of all sorts are entered into with much enthusiasm. The health of the girls, generally speaking, is good. Wholesome food and plenty of outdoor exercise tends to better the health of those who enter. The religious training is carefully looked after and daily devotional exercises are held. The cottage plan allows for a home training that could not be given under any other system.

LIBRARY OF HAWAII.

Registration at the end of the fiscal year was 10,066, an increase of 1,109 persons, or about 13 per cent over the previous year. There were 5,615 adults holding cards and 4,451 children. Home use of books was 144,381, an increase of 28,863. The adult increase was 15,996 and juvenile increase 12,897.

Visitors to the reading and reference rooms totaled 57,671, or an increase of 5,871 over the year before. The number of books in the library is 46,107, or 4,247 more than at the end of the previous period.

In the reference department it is gratifying to note that an ever larger number of students are coming for help in their studies. Special interest has been given the work in the children's department by the cooperation of the school administration. The opportunities of the children's department are becoming more and more far-reaching. Eminent educators who are interested in the importance of our school system emphasize the importance of books as a medium of Americanization.

The islands' department has increased its stations from 224 to 232. Of these, 55 are community libraries, 92 school libraries, and 85 home libraries. Books from this department have been sent to outlying Army posts, naval stations, and placed on transports bound for Vladivostok, Manila, and San Francisco. Four times a year an exchange of books is made with Midway Island.

The use of the large lecture hall and adjoining rooms has been encouraged for meetings of civic and educational import, 224 such meetings being held during the year.

PUBLIC ARCHIVES.

Special effort has been made toward indexing documents relating to land matters, as the calls for information of this nature are more numerous than for any other. This index, which at the beginning of the year was completed to May, 1866, has progressed well and is now finished to June, 1874, together with a general index of the letter books of the interior department, Kingdom of Hawaii, to June, 1873. Indexing of the correspondence between the governor and the commissioner of public lands is complete to 1907. Another index which has proved of much value in furnishing information on a variety of subjects is of articles appearing in the bound volumes of newspapers on file in the archives. The several departments and the general public have been furnished with the usual amount of information. The work of revising the Hawaiian Dictionary has progressed steadily, and it is hoped to have it ready for the printer by the end of the next fiscal year.

THE COURTS.

TERRITORIAL COURTS.

The Territorial courts are composed of a supreme court of 3 members; 5 circuit courts, of which 1 has 3 members who sit separately, and the others 1 member each; and 29 district courts. The supreme court and circuit court judges are appointed by the President and the district magistrates by the chief justice of the Territory. The circuit courts are the courts of general original jurisdiction. They try criminal, law, equity, probate, and divorce cases. The first circuit court also acts as a court of land registration. The circuit and district courts also act as juvenile courts, the principal