Dr. MOBLEY. I would like to say that your brain trust is a very able

and capable person.

Senator MORSE. If he weren't, I would fire him.

(The following correspondence subsequently received is printed at this point by direction of the chairman.)

Senator WAYNE MORSE,

AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION,

Chairman, Subcommittee on Education,
Committee on Labor and Public Welfare,

U.S. Senate, Washington, D.C.

Washington, D.C., July 9, 1963.

MY DEAR SENATOR MORSE: At our recent annual meeting in Kansas City, Mo., the enclosed resolutions were passed unanimously by the assembly of delegates of the American Home Economics Association.

These resolutions place the association on record as strongly supporting legislation now pending before the Congress, to expand and improve vocational education throughout the country.

The American Home Economics Association voices its opposition to the provision in H.R. 4955, as approved by the House Education and Labor Committee, which makes it mandatory that 25 percent of funds authorized under the Smith-Hughes and George-Barden Acts be expended in training programs or transferred to some other category. The association favors making such funds permissive.

We request that this letter and the accompanying resolutions be included in the record as part of the hearings before your subcommittee.

Thank you.

Sincerely yours,

FLORENCE W. Low, President.

Whereas the Smith-Hughes Vocational Educational Act, passed in 1917, is a permanent legislative measure; and

Whereas the appropriations under this measure cannot be reduced or eliminated unless the law is repealed by an act of the National Congress; and

Whereas the Smith-Hughes Act contains provisions that have contributed greatly to the establishment and maintenance of high standards for vocational education; and

Whereas appropriations under this act are earmarked for specific purposes;

and

Whereas the standards contained in the Smith-Hughes Act apply to the GeorgeBarden Act; therefore, be it

Resolved, That the American Home Economics Association reaffirm its position which favors the continuance of the Smith-Hughes and George-Barden Acts in substantially their present forms; and be it

Resolved, That the American Home Economics Association endorse the House education bill No. 4955, except for its provision which requires that for fiscal year 1966 and any subsequent fiscal year, 25 percent of the funds authorized under the Smith-Hughes and George-Barden Acts for home economics training would have to be expended by the State in such training which is job-oriented or, in the alternative, transferred to some other category. The American Home Economics Association recommends that this provision be made permissive as is now provided in paragraph 1, subsection (c) of section 10 and that paragraph 2 of subsection (c) of section 10 be stricken from the bill.

Whereas unemployment is creating economic problems affecting families in many areas of the United States; and

Whereas the security and economic well-being of our Nation are dependent, to a large extent, on the skill and productivity of our people; and

Whereas competition for the education dollar continues to be an important deterent in developing adequate vocational education programs; and

Whereas funds authorized under existing laws buy much less than when these measures became law; and

Whereas there is need for expansion, improvement, and redirection of present programs of vocational education: Therefore, be it

Resolved, That the American Home Economics Association actively support additional legislation providing for increased funds for vocational and technical education and job-oriented services, including the occupation of homemaking. Senator MORSE. We stand in recess until 10 o'clock tomorrow morning.

(Whereupon, at 3:30 p.m., the subcommittee recessed, to reconvene Wednesday, June 12, 1963, at 10 a.m.)

EDUCATION LEGISLATION-1963

WEDNESDAY, JUNE 12, 1963

U.S. SENATE,

SUBCOMMITTEE ON EDUCATION OF THE

COMMITTEE ON LABOR AND PUBLIC WELFARE,

Washington, D.C. The subcommittee met, pursuant to recess, at 10:15 a.m., in room 4232, New Senate Office Building, Senator Jennings Randolph presiding.

Present: Senators Randolph (presiding pro tempore), and Javits. Also present: Senators Pell (member of the full committee), Brewster of Maryland and Boggs of Delaware.

Committee staff members present: Stewart E. McClure, chief clerk; Charles Lee, professional staff member of the subcommittee; Michael J. Bernstein, minority counsel; and Ray D. Hurley, associate minority counsel.

Senator RANDOLPH. Good morning. Our hearings will resume today on 580 and related bills.

We are privileged to have, as the first witness at this session, our esteemed colleague from Delaware, Senator J. Caleb Boggs.

Senator, we will want you to proceed as you desire, making any statement or filing with the subcommittee a statement, commenting on the part you believe should be stressed.

We leave the matter entirely in your competent hands.

STATEMENT OF HON. J. CALEB BOGGS, A U.S. SENATOR FROM THE STATE OF DELAWARE

Senator BOGGS. Mr. Chairman and members of the subcommittee, on every side are signs that we no longer live in a constantly familiar world. Change has quickened with the exploration of space and other scientific breakthroughs. And this change has increasingly altered how we make a living. In fact, it has left a growing segment of the work force with little or nothing to contribute because of a lack of training.

An abiding concern for the need to do something about this avalanche of change is what brings me here today. Simply stated, I support wholeheartedly the proposition that unskilled persons must be trained if they are to get work. There is little time and even less opportunity today to drift into the work force and gradually pick up skills leading to better jobs. If a person doesn't have the skills in the first place that better job he seeks will go to someone who started with job training.

98-466-63-vol. 4- -20

REASONS FOR S. 1222 ENACTMENT

Because I was so concerned that something be done about this steadily growing problem of the unskilled unemployed I introduced S. 1222 last March at a time when the administration's omnibus education bill was the only legislation specifically covering vocational education which was before the Senate. I wanted to focus attention on this overriding need to expand and modernize our vocational education programs in the country, our "Education for Employment" programs, if you will. It seemed to me that the country so desperately needed something done in this field that it would be wise to consider this need as a separate piece of legislation. I am happy that this view has apparently gained approval elsewhere.

As I know you are aware, Mr. Chairman, newspapers and magazines in this country have increasingly focused attention on the necessity for training, on the necessity to match skills with the "help wanted" ads carried in profusion in our daily newspapers.

One statistic which sticks in my mind is the fact that last year only 4.5 percent of the Nation's budget for secondary education was spent on vocational education. Yet 80 percent of our high school students will never finish 4 years of college. And a record 26 million new young workers will be entering the labor force in the 1960's.

Mr. Chairman, I know that if my bill were enacted into law, vocational education would be given the kind of spurt it needs. I wish to emphasize, however, that it is the need for a broader vocational education program which is uppermost in my mind, and I hope that whatever vocational educational bill this fine committee finally draws up, it is one I can support.

When I was privileged to be Governor of my State for 8 years, I took a great and personal interest in vocational education, and in vocational rehabilitation also. I am proud to say that the State of Delaware is making great strides in its vocational education program. Our Sussex County Vocational Technical Center is something new in the field, a well-equipped central facility serving 13 of the county's high schools.

I recognize fully that vocational education is not in itself a total answer to the unemployment problem. The problem is one which needs to be approached from a variety of angles. But I know of no more effective single step which could be taken than to make vocational education the active and fully appreciated field it should be.

I thank you very much for the privilege of placing this statement in the record.

Senator RANDOLPH. Thank you very much, Senator Boggs.
If your schedule allows, I would like to counsel further with you.
Senator BOGGS. I would be honored. Thank you.

AUTOMATION AND THE DEMANDS OF MODERN TECHNOLOGY

Senator RANDOLPH. We are grateful for your bringing to the attention of the Subcommittee on Education, the imperativeness of a vigorous approach in relationship to the vocational training programs, emphasizing the skills which need to be sharply honed to

Sometimes, I become a little frightened at the avalanche of achievement in automation, and by the broader word now being used, "cyclomation," where automation has been conceived as the mechanized force in our production lines.

Now, we think in terms of the mechanized device, making decisions which we once thought could be made only by men.

Of course, these devices are the creation of the inventiveness of men and of women.

This may not be the proper place to comment, but I have been rather startled and certainly challenged by the electronic sales girl now being used in the R. H. Macy store, in New York City.

This device sells to the public 30 items in 10 different sizes and patterns.

If anyone in this room were to go to the electronic sales girl, buy a product and give her a bill in the amount of $5 the sale would be made, you would receive the product and, if it were $3.65, you would receive the change of $1.35.

Even more startling, is the fact that she refuses to accept counterfeit currency.

This is a reality and not a story. And so, in this era in which we live, the era of the computor, we are constantly challenged by creative thinking. Senator Boggs, Members of the Senate, like yourself, realize that these skills must be brought into the modern tempo of production, so that our economic strength cannot be dissipated, and that we remain a vital industrial country.

As you have presented S. 1222, I assure you that all members of our subcommittee will be cognizant of your contribution, which is a mosts constructive one.

Senator BOGGS. Thank you.

Senator RANDOLPH. You have mentioned Delaware. What is being done in the State where at one time you were its able Governor.

In West Virginia, frankly we are faced with the problem of unemployment, to a greater degree than most States.

We have seen what the machine has done to displace the man. As an example, in McDowell County, which is in the southwestern section of our State, there were several hundreds of unemployed coal miners, who could not secure gainful employment. We will consider the period about mid-April 1959, as the time for this illustration. They were not alone. Their neighbors were in the same situation, in adjoining counties of Logden, Mercer, Raleigh, Mingo, and Wyoming.

So, we had not only the loss of manpower in the mines (we were still mining coal), but, when this decline set in so precipitously, we then had another problem. The railroads that had employed our manpower, with the coal-burning engines, had changed to dieselization.

The locomotives that were used to bring out the coal, were no more the burners of coal. It was a matter of economics. And, we added to these elements, the loss of a certain amount of timber production, our potteries, and our glass plants. They were hit by the automation and by the importation of relatively low-manufactured goods from other countries.