siderable talk about the great amount of work being done in the field. I was impressed, however, by the fact that social workers, educators, police, probation officers, correctional workers, and others say over and over, "We simply don't know how effective our work is. We don't know what methods are good and what are not." These projects to test existing practices would constitute a kind of nationwide laboratory to determine the ideas which are best. The results would be passed on for the benefit of the whole Nation.

The second kind of projects provided under S. 694 are those to develop new techniques and methods. The experts testifying before the House said over and over again that we need to find new ways of approaching the problem, we need to be alert to new ideas, we need to invent new techniques and methods. We like to think of these projects as operational research which would combine action study, research, and on-the-job training.

Third, we like S. 694 because all leaders in the fight against youth crime would have an opportunity to apply for assistance. The eligibility includes State and local social welfare agencies, leaders in police, probation and parole, those in the field of corrections, and private and voluntary agencies.

Fourth, we think providing money for demonstration projects is a very appropriate role for the Fderal Government to play, and it is one which Congress seems to favor more and more. A small amount of Federal money provides necessary leadership and stimulation. In this year of attempts at economy we believe money spent for projects would bring a quick and good return on the investment of Federal

dollars.

Finally, Mr. Chairman, we like S. 694 because it requires the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare to report to the Congress each year as to what is being done under the act, and in his final report it requires him to evaluate what the program has contributed to the solution of the Nation's juvenile delinquency control problem. These provisions are not in any other bill, and we believe them important. It means that projects receiving Federal assistance will not just be spending Federal money; they will be spending it with a specific purpose in mind, and they will need to build into those projects the mechanism for a final evaluation of their findings in the light of the purposes of the bill.

Now I would like to say a word about the fact that there is no provision for stipends and fellowships for training personnel in the bill we are supporting. Even though there is a shortage of trained personnel I do not consider this serious. Already we have fellowships and stipends provided for workers who are needed in this field by the National Institutes of Health, the National Defense Education Act and the training section of the Social Security Act. Congress has not seen fit to appropriate funds for the training of social workers under the Social Security Act. There is no assurance that needed workers trained with Federal money would go into juvenile delinquency work. In fact, there was testimony before the House to the effect that persons so trained might well go into work more pleasant and more lucrative than that in which they have to deal with juvenile delinquents.

Thank you very much.

Senator CLARK. Thank you.
Senator Javits?

Senator JAVITS. I first want to thank you for your testimony. You are well known in this field, and, of course, the magazine you publish has been very active in a productive way for a long time.

I am very interested in the emphasis that you and your colleagues place upon this bill. I gather that is attributable not so much in the details of the bill as it is to what you think is the need for urgent action. Is that correct?

Mr. HECHT. Yes. I think a bill calling for an appropriation of only $5 million a year for 5 years has a very much better chance to get through this year and get through both Houses and signed by the President than a larger bill which might have the same fate as the bill in 1956.

Senator JAVITS. The bill in 1956 was passed by the Senate but not by the House.

Mr. HECHT. That is right.

Senator JAVITS. Do you believe that a bill is going to be passed by the House of Representatives?

Mr. HECHT. Yes, I definitely do.

Senator JAVITS. Mr. Hecht, thank you very much for your testimony.

Personally I would like to say this: I think the important thing here is the national responsibility with respect to juvenile delinquency and juvenile crime, which I believe, with Senator Clark and Senator Hill, must be accepted by the Federal Government.

I am not nearly as concerned about the details of the bill as some of our witnesses. I think that whether or not the bill is to deal with any one of the three major subjects or all of them or two of them is something we will have to decide. I think also, with all due respect to what has been testified here, that we in the Senate are in a somewhat better position to decide what is likely to get through the other body as well as what is likely to find favor in our body.

But I do appreciate it, that so many people are coming here, and I hope myself to invite a few more because I think the value of this testimony is very great, on the proposition that the Federal Government has to give leadership in this field, and the way it can do it is by making available some money for desirable objectives.

I consider equally desirable experimental research although I think we have had a great deal of that, and private institutions are very much more likely to go into that for training personnel or even for helping directly in voluntary or governmental projects in the States and municipalities.

But, whatever we do, the important point is that the Federal Government shall at long last get into this. So I hope and I only address this to you because I know you well and respect and admire you-I would hope that as much sentiment would be marshaled publicly for Federal Government leadership as the central point rather, than any of the people who are supporting this thing getting too much sold on any particular kind of a bill. I think the kind of a bill is pretty much agreed on by the witnesses, but I do think it is vital that the Federal Government get into it. I am therefore very grateful that you appeared and essentially urge that point.

Senator CLARK. Thank you, Senator Javits.

Mr. Hecht, I have been handed what seems to me to be quite a persuasive little pamphlet which I think you and your group have

caused to be prepared. With your permission, I would like to ask that that be inserted in the record at this point. It is published by the American Parents Committee.

Mr. HECHT. I would be delighted to have you do so.

(The document referred to follows:)

You can help to persuade Congress to pass the

"JUVENILE DELINQUENCY

CONTROL PROJECTS" BILL

Senator Lister Hill with Senator Joseph S. Clark and Representative Carl Elliott have joined in sponsoring the JUVENILE DELINQUENCY CONTROL PROJECTS BILL which they feel can make an effective start toward the solution of the Nation's juvenile delinquency control problems. In introducing their bill, they declared:

"We are convinced that a start must be made to aid States
and localities in getting juvenile crime under control.
We can think of no more promising place to start at the
Federal level than by developing and disseminating knowl-
edge of how local units of government can best go about
this task. "

Their bill would provide $5,000,000 a year for five years to help finance projects to demonstrate or develop techniques and practices for the prevention, diminution, and treatment of juvenile delinquency.

The bill has been hailed by national organizations and recognized authorities in fields related to juvenile delinquency as a practical and soundly conceived approach to the problem. This widespread public support, in combination with the able leadership of Senator Hill and Representative Elliott, should ensure quick passage of the bill.

BASIC FACTS ABOUT JUVENILE DELINQUENCY

Juvenile crime in the United States is increasing and has reached emergency proportions in many communities.

Last year, 3/4 million youngsters under 18 were arrested and many others were involved in offenses which did not result in arrests. If juvenile delinquency continues to increase we can expect that by 1962 one million of our teenagers will be arrested each year. The violence and seriousness of the acts of many of these youngsters is causing great national concern.

Juvenile courts report that juvenile delinquency has continued to increase for the 9th consecutive year. About one-half million children were brought before the Juvenile courts during 1957. During the 9-year period (1948-57) the rise in cases of juvenile delinquency was five times as great as the increase in the population of children of court age (10-17) during the same period. There has been an increase in both the number and proportion of children involved in juvenile delinquency!

The time has come for a great nationwide effort to check this growing problem of juvenile crime and delinquency. The Hill-Elliott Bill would provide an important start.

The bill includes a declaration by the United States Congress that "juvenile delinquency is a steadily mounting problem of nationwide proportions in both urban and rural communities, and that more concerted and intensive efforts to discover, and to disseminate, means of controlling such problems are vitally needed. "

A NATIONAL EFFORT:

The bill would provide $5,000,000 a year for five years to help finance a concerted national effort leading to a solution of the Nation's juvenile delinquency control problems. Public and private agencies would be encouraged to develop projects which "hold promise of making a substantial contribution to the solution of juvenile delinquency control problems in all or several States or toward meeting juvenile delinquency problems of special national significance or concern." The Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare would make grants to pay part of the cost of carrying out such projects. He could also enter into contracts with public or private agencies for this purpose.

NATIONAL ADVISORY COUNCIL:

A National Advisory Council on Juvenile Delinquency consisting of 12 recognized authorities in the field would review and recommend proposed projects. The Council would include persons from both public and voluntary organizations concerned with juvenile delinquency.

ELIGIBLE PROJECTS:

The definition of eligible projects is broad enough to cover a wide variety of projects. In the words of the bill

"Projects shall be eligible for assistance under this Act which will demonstrate or develop techniques and practices for the prevention, diminution, and treatment of juvenile delinquency and which, in the Judgement of the Secretary, hold promise of making a substantial contribution to the solution of juvenile delinquency control problems in all or several States or toward meeting juvenile delinquency problems of special national significance or concern. "

EVALUATION:

One of the most important aspects of the bill are its provisions for the widespread dissemination of information about successful ways of meeting the problem of juvenile delinquency. Accordingly, the bill requires that the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare "shall make periodic reports for public distribution as to the methods, results, and values of various projects for juvenile delinquency control." At the end of the 5-year program he would also make a final report to Congress which would include an overall description and evaluation of the contributions of the program to the solution of the Nation's juvenile delinquency control problems.