continued the Sarangs themselves would be deported as well as the men they brought down. I also utilised the whole of the Mounted Police for night patrol duty particularly in the northern part of the City. The general effect of these measures was to reduce the Pathan population and to restore public confidence. But I see no permanent solution of this trouble as long as public bodies and private employers continue to engage Pathans as freely as they do at present and as long as the public confine their own activities to criticism and advice in the press and on the platform. Of what use is it for a man to come to me privately and complain that Pathans are occupying his verandah and refuse to move and then publicly refuse to identify the Pathans in question or give evidence against them? Of what use is it for a business man to write to the press to complain of the 'Pathan Menace' when he himself employs a Pathan to look after his shop, merely because he is afraid that if he does not the Pathan will loot the shop? If the public of Bombay want to rid the city of the Pathan they will have to co-operate much more freely with the police than they have yet done in the matter and not let personal fear take precedence of public duty." The population of the City according to the census of 1921 is 11,72,953 and the proportion of crime to population on these figures stands at 1 to 14.31 as compared with 1 to 16 ̊11 in 1921 and 1 to 17.55 in 1920. VILLAGE POLICE Under the provisions of Bombay Act VIII of 1867 the village police are, subject to the control and direction of the Commissioner, administered by the different District Magistrates. It is their special duty to prevent crime and public nuisances and to detect and arrest offenders within village limits. They are not stipendiary, but receive perquisites from the inhabitants of the village or rent-free lands of small sums of money from Government. In each village the village police are under the charge of the police patil, who is often, but by no means always, the person performing the duties of revenue patil. His duties as police patil are to furnish the Magistrate of the district with any returns or information called for, and to keep him constantly informed as to the state of crime and all matters connected with the village police and the health and general condition of the community in his village. Under a form of administration which preserves the village as the unit of collection in revenue matters the institution of village police naturally holds an important place. There are no village police in Sind, but in their place village or taluka trackers (paggis) are employed. The number of cases in which the village police rendered special assistance during 1922 was 419. Their services were recognised by monetary rewards amounting to Rs. 2,989 and by the grant of 104 good service tickets. 265 village policemen were reported for neglect of duty; 248 were punished departmentally and 68 who were concerned in the commission of crime were prosecuted, 45 being convicted. During the year under report measures were taken to distribute the pamphlet containing instructions to the Patels as to their own obligations and duties of the village police serving under them. The Inspector General of Police in this connection remarks that if proper care is taken by all the officers concernedpolice as well as revenue to see that the patels do read and understand these simple instructions to educate their subordinates, the village police, even constituted and remunerated as they are, will be immeasurably more efficient and useful than they have hitherto been. Excellent results, by this means, have been obtained in the Kanara District. ADEN POLICE The total number of officers and men of the Land Police was 370, of whom 15 were mounted. Only 98 were literate. The expenditure on the force was over Rs. 1 lakhs of which Rs. 1 lakh was borne by Government and the remainder by the Aden Settlement and the Port Trust. Out of 335 persons concerned in 360 offences and sent up for trial, 266 were convicted and 69 discharged. The percentage of convictions was 73 48 as compared with 60 46 in the preceding year. The value of property stolen during the year amounted to Rs. 17,122 of which property worth Rs. 5,500 was recovered.. The strength of the Harbour Police was 62 men of all ranks. During the year 208 persons were deported to Somaliland and 371 to the interior of Arabia. GOVERNMENT MALE AND FEMALE WORKHOUSES By the European Vagrancy Act of 1874 a person of European extraction (which does not include " those commonly known as Eurasians or East-Indians ") found asking for alms or wandering about without any employment or visible means of subsistence is a "vagrant" and may be required by a police officer to appear before a Magistrate. If the latter thinks that the vagrant is not likely to obtain employment he sends him to a Government Workhouse known as Working Men's Hostel where he is kept. If the Magistrate is of opinion that the vagrant is likely to get employment in any other place in India he may at his discretion forward the vagrant to such a place. If after a lapse of a reasonable time in a workhouse, no suitable employment is obtainable for the vagrant the local Government may cause him to be removed from British India at Government expense or may release him. Penalties are provided by the Act for refusal to go before a Magistrate, for quitting the workhouse without leave, etc., two years' imprisonment being the maximum penalty for the latter offence. The Government Male Work house, now administered by the Salvation Army, which receives a grant from Government, deals with cases under this Act. Destitute Europeans may go voluntarily to the King Edward's Home which is managed by the Salvation Army and also receives a grant from Government. The total number of inmates during the year 1922 was 116, and the daily average population 14. The total expenditure rose from Rs. 8,822 to Rs. 8,913. Thirty-four vagrants deserted the Workhouse during the year under report; of these 21 were convicted and sentenced to various terms of imprisonment; and 13 were still at large at the end of the year. The maximum period of confinement of any inmate in the Workhouse during the year under report was 236 days. There were six admissions to the Female Workhouse, one of them having been admitted four times. Two were discharged and handed over to the Salvation Army Home, one was sent to her relatives and three were convicted and sentenced for not returning to the Workhouse when permission was given to go out in search of employment. The maximum period of confinement of any inmate in the Workhouse during the year under report was 32 days. BOMBAY JAILS The jails in the Presidency are divided into four classes : There are Central Prisons at Yeravda, Ahmedabad and Hyderabad (Sind). The District Prisons are again sub-divided into four classes The Central Prisons take prisoners sentenced to transportation, penal servitude or rigorous imprisonment for two years or more, European prisoners, etc. To District Prisons are usually sent criminals sentenced to terms of imprisonment for less than two years, while special jails are so-called because the Rules with regard to the length of term of prisoners undergoing imprisonment there, etc., have been modified owing to local or other conditions. There are also Subsidiary Jails classed as first, second and third class to which are sent prisoners sentenced locally to short terms of imprisonment,-three months and under. It is the smaller prisons that deal with the majority of the actual prison population. In 1922, out of a total of 16,347 admitted to jails during the year over 7,000 received three months' or less imprisonment and altogether 13,588 were sentenced to a year or less. Only 1,263 received sentences of over two years. In this Presidency, as in the rest of India, the discipline of the jails is in the hands of both paid officials and prisoners, i.e., there are Warders and Convict officers, the latter numbering over 1,100 as compared |