in the Satara District for Record of Rights purposes, and the survey of three villages in the Surgana State done for the Deshmukh of Surgana. Two joint surveys for Provincial road purposes were also undertaken, one of the Karmala-Jeur road, and the other of the Ule-Kasegaon road, both in the Sholapur District.

Southern Division.-The survey of 16 out of 23 villages of the Here Jaghir was completed during the year. In three other villages it is in progress. The Shirsangi Desgat Survey was resumed and the work in six villages has been completed. Survey for the introduction of settlement which was in progress last year in Apte, Koral and Punade of the Biwalkar Jaghir and of Inam villages of Khar, Naringi, Kurkumbi and Vat has been completed.

CITY SURVEYS

Northern Division.-City surveys of Ankleshwar, Murbad, Shahapur, Dohad and Dahanu and revision of Broach city survey and survey of the town of Cambay were completed.

The city survey of Ahmedabad which is nearly finished has dealt with nearly 75,000 properties at a total cost of about ·Rs. 1,32,000. It should be noted that when Ahmedabad then a small city was surveyed about 1875, it cost over Rs. 3,75,000. This big saving is the result of a trained staff and the far more perfectly organised and codified method of working. Next in importance is the Surat city survey, comprising about 40,000 properties and now in progress. Thirteen city surveys are under regular maintenance.

Central Division.-During the year survey of the cities of Karad, Erandol, Nandurbar and Sangamner have been completed and that of Dharangaon, Chopda, Nawapur, Wai and Panchgani are in progress.

Seventeen city surveys in all are under regular maintenance. Southern Division.-The city survey of Bijapur was completed during the year. The Hubli revision survey and the survey of the towns of Panwel, Uran and Nargund were in

progress.

Eleven city surveys have come under regular maintenance.

REVISION SETTLEMENTS

Government passed orders on the proposals for the revision settlement of Dholka and South Daskroi in Ahmedabad, Pachora Taluka including Bhadgaon peta of East Khandesh, Karjat and Sangamner Talukas and Jamkhed Mahal of Ahmednagar, Sangola and Pandharpur Talukas of Sholapur and Panwel Taluka and Uran peta of Kolaba District.

Orders were also issued settling the Inam villages of Karjat (South Daskroi), Yeoti (Shrigonda), Peth (Khed-Poona), Shiravali (Bhimthadi), Tigni-bidri (Bijapur) and Hallur and Chondi (Muddebihal).

These revision settlements are being viewed by the general public with a depth of interest rarely evinced in pre-reform days.

WASTE LANDS

The following table shows the area under cultivation in the Province :

These figures show but a trifling variation over those of

last year.

T

CHAPTER III

LAW AND JUSTICE

HE passing of the Government of India Act of 1919 and

the inauguration of the Reforms radically changed the Procedure with regard to legislation. The power of making laws" for the peace and good government of the Bombay Presidency "is still vested in the Legislative Council of the Governor of Bombay. But that body, as now constituted, is very different, both in its composition and its powers from the old Council, which consisted of 47 members, of whom only 21 were elected, not as now directly but by local bodies or by special classes.

It now consists of 111 members. The four Members of the Executive Council are ex-officio members, and of the remaining 107, 86 are elected and 21 nominated. Of the nominated members not more than 18 may be officials, but the present number of officials is 13 only. The elected members are elected as follows:

Of the members of the non-Mahomedan constituencies 7 must

be Marathas.

All British subjects of either sex who are over the age of 21 years and possess the necessary property qualification are, subject to certain minor exceptions, entitled to vote in general constituencies. The Government of Bombay has also power to permit subjects of Indian States to be enrolled as electors. The property qualification is fixed by Rules under the Government of India Act and is based, in the case of land, upon the amount of land revenue, and in the case of houses upon the annual rental; in each case tenants as well as landlords are qualified to vote. Besides these all income tax payers and all retired soldiers of His Majesty's regular forces are enfranchised by the same Rules. A general election ordinarily takes place every three years. Before taking his seat every member must take an oath or affirmation of his allegiance to the Crown.

Legislative. The extent of the power of the Council to make laws is defined by section 80A of the Government of India Act. Generally it may make laws for the peace and good government of the territories constituting the Presidency of Bombay, but certain bills cannot be introduced without the previous sanction of the Governor General. The most important of these

are:

(a) Bills imposing new taxes, except certain taxes specified in Rules made under the Act, such as taxes on non-agricultural land and on amusements, succession duties and judicial stamp duties.

(b) Bills affecting the public debt of India or any taxes the proceeds of which go to the Government of India.

(c) Bills affecting the navy, army or air force.

(d) Bills affecting the relations of Government with foreign princes or states.

(e) Bills affecting or regulating a central" subject. Central subjects are subjects of vital importance or subjects on which it is desirable that policy should be uniform throughout India. Some of the most important are external relations, defence of India, shipping, railways, posts and telegraphs, currency, civil and criminal law, commerce, all sources of allIndia revenue and the all-India services. Again under section 80-C of the Government of India Act a bill affecting the public

revenue of the province of Bombay, or imposing any charge upon it, cannot be introduced without the previous sanction of the Governor.

THE BUDGET

The annual Budget is presented to the Council during February. Previous to presentation it has been examined by the Finance Committee of the Council. This committee, which consists at present of 12 elected members, 4 nominated members and the Members of the Executive Council and Ministers, is not statutory but is constituted annually by motion made in the Council. The elected members are elected by the Council immediately after the motion is carried and its functions are advisory only.

The Budget is divided into voted and non-voted items. All items under the following heads are, under section 72-D of the Government of India Act, non-voted :

(i) contributions payable by the local government to the Governor-General in Council;

(ii) interest and sinking fund charges on loans;

(iii) expenditure of which the amount is prescribed by or under any law;

(iv) salaries and pensions of persons appointed by or with the approval of His Majesty or by the Secretary of State in Council; and

(v) salaries of judges of the High Court of the province and of the Advocate-General.

All other items are voted. But if the Governor certifies that any demand relating to a reserved subject, which has been either reduced or refused by vote of the Council, is essential to the discharge of his responsibility for that subject the reduction or refusal of the Council becomes void.

By Rule 32 of the Rules of the Legislative Council a Committee of Public Accounts is constituted to deal with the audit and appropriation accounts of the province. The committee consists of 12 members of whom 8 are elected by the non-official members of the Council, and the remainder nominated. The Finance Member is ex-officio chairman.