terest. Central office serves as a bureau of information and advisory board. Standing committees on subject matter and method, furnishings and equipment for primary schools, books and publications, press and publicity, interests and measures study problems of professional and general interest. Services of leaders in promoting interests of primary education in local communities may be had upon payment of expenses. Annual Report published by the U. S. Bureau of Education (for description of which see elsewhere in the Handbook), may be obtained at 10 cents a copy from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. Council has published "Report of Committee on Typical Programs", which may be had for 25 cents from Rachel E. Gregg, State Department of Education, Richmond, Va. Membership is open to all interested persons. Supported by membership dues, 50 cents and up.

National Council of Women (org. 1888), Pres., Mrs. Philip N. Moore, 3125 LaFayette Ave., St. Louis, Mo. Member of International Council of Women. To interest women in constructive activities, united effort, and cooperation in the vital work of the world. Provides opportunities for conferences upon questions relating to public welfare and through such conferences unites forces to cooperate in working for larger national needs. Is organized in the interests of no one propaganda. Has no power over the groups which constitute it beyond that of suggestion. Work of a controversial nature can not be carried on in the name of the Council, but must be referred to the member organizations for individual decision. Organizations initiating work of national value may present facts concerning it to the Council for possible cooperation. Proposed lines of activities of member organizations are discussed in conference to prevent duplication of effort and to secure knowledge of special conditions. Standing committees investigate needs of nation-wide movements and correlate special work in the member organizations; they also investigate needs of member organizations and advise them accordingly. Council seeks to further legal, cultural, and educational movements. Holds biennial meetings and sends delegates to quinquennial meetings of the International Council of Women. Has passed unanimous resolutions covering the care of children, equal moral standards for men and women, laws relating to the citizenship of American women married to aliens, preparedness, international arbitration, vital matters of public health and morals, emigration and immigration, and education, physical, mental, and moral. Membership is

open to national organizations of women represented in a majority of the States.

National Dairy Council (org. 1915), 910 South Michigan Ave., Chicago, Ill. To develop the dairy industry through educating the public to a greater appreciation and use of milk and its products. Aims to standardize all dairy products and to improve production methods. Is cooperating with the Government and with colleges, universities, and other educational institutions throughout the country. Has branches located in several of the dairy States; these Councils conduct work similar to that of the National Council. In conjunction with other educational organizations, the Council conducts educational campaigns in the schools, among women's organizations, and through the press. Furnishes to applicants posters, booklets, newspaper advertisements, and slides.

National Desertion Bureau (org. 1911, inc. 1914), 356 Second Ave., New York, N. Y. Jewish organization. Investigates cases of family desertion among Jews and locates Jewish abandoners and induces them to return to their families. To find deserters, Bureau appeals to social agencies in cities throughout the U. S. and also publishes a column called "The Gallery of Missing Husbands", which appears weekly in Yiddish newspapers in several large cities. When unable to prevail upon deserters to assume their family obligations and make proper arrangements for the support of their families, the Bureau prosecutes them in court. Central office seeks to place unemployed men in suitable positions so that they can support their families. Bureau is supported by contributions.

National Economic League (org. 1911), 6 Beacon St., Boston, + Mass. Works chiefly through correspondence. Standing Committees on Labor, Education, Americanization, Bolshevism, Immigration, and 722-20 other topics send to all League members questionnaires on important economic problems to be answered by "Yes" or "No". Results of en these questionnaires are compiled in reports which are published. League organizes economic clubs in different cities for the purpose of providing a forum for the discussion of live economic, social, industrial, and political questions. Advances money for organization expenses of these clubs, each club agreeing to pay back after organization is under way. Secures speakers for local clubs. For this service a certain percentage of local membership fee is paid to League. Publishes a quar

terly magazine, The Consensus, $2 a year to non-members, $1 a year to educational institutions, teachers, ministers, and libraries. All reports, publications, questionnaires, and magazines are sent to members free of charge. Membership composed of men in every State, representing all interests, chosen by preferential ballot. Supported by membership fees, $5 a year.

National Education Association (org. 1857, inc. 1886), 1201 Sixteenth St. NW., Washington, D. C. To elevate the character and advance the interests of the profession of teaching and to promote the cause of education in the U. S. As a national body and through its State and local branches, the Association seeks to secure enactment of such State and Federal legislation as will give recognition and support to public education, assure adequate compensation for teachers, provide sanitary buildings and modern equipment for schools, and adjust the length of school terms. Field secretaries carry on local work and assist State and local teachers' associations affiliated with the national body. Association holds an annual meeting, open to members only, for the discussion of problems and reading of reports. Through field workers, State and local associations, special committees, and its own departments, the Association investigates and studies educational problems. General committees, including the following, conduct studies and present reports: Commission on the Reorganization of Secondary Education; Committee on Teachers' Salaries, Tenure, and Pensions; Committee on Health Problems and Education; Committee on Vocational Education and Vocational Guidance; Committee on Thrift Education; Committee on the Unification and Americanization of All Our People; Committee on Racial Well-Being; Committee on the Rural Home and the Women on the Farm; Committee on Rural Education. Special departments hold annual meetings and conduct specialized work. There are 21 such departments including the following: Library Department which works through its committees on High School, Normal School, Rural School, Elementary School, and University and College Libraries; Departments of Music Education, Business Education, Superintendence, and Science Instruction which carry on work through their special committees; Department of School Patrons which operates through its Committees on School Revenue and School Health. The National Education Association seeks to stimulate public opinion through correspondence and articles in newspapers and magazines. Publishes the Journal of the National Education Association, monthly,

25 cents a copy, $2 a year; Proceedings of annual meetings, $3 a copy; special reports, which are available at different prices. All publications are free to active or associate members paying $5 a year. Active membership is open to teachers. Persons not actively engaged in teaching but especially interested in education may become associate members. Supported by membership dues, $2 and up.

National Farm and Garden Association. See Woman's National Farm and Garden Association.

National Farm School. See Baron de Hirsch Fund.

National Federation of College Women (org. 1912; in process of inc.), Secy., Mrs. Flora Warren Seymour, 5547 Dorchester Ave., Chicago, Ill. To bring into communication with one another all college women, in order to secure unity of purpose and action, thereby conserving the power of college women for rendering effective service. Made up of local affiliated units which do philanthropic, civic, and charitable work. Holds a biennial meeting, open to the public, for the reading of reports and discussion of problems. Industrial Service Department, through its local committees, places college girls in suitable positions. Patriotic Education Department stimulates the interest of local clubs in patriotic education in their communities. Better Films Committee works for the presentation of better film subjects. Vocational Aid Bureau assembles and disseminates information concerning vocations for girls. Scholarship Loan Committee through the local clubs creates and grants scholarships to young men and women. Extension Committee organizes local groups. National Federation publishes Proceedings of biennial conventions, and The College Woman, a periodical bulletin for members. All literature is sent free to members. Membership consists of women who have had at least a year's work in college, college women's clubs, and college alumnae clubs. Supported by membership dues, $1 a year, and by tax of 10 cents per capita from member clubs.

National Federation of Czech Catholics in America, Supreme Lodge (Národní Svaz Českých Katolíku v Americe) (org. and inc. 1917), Pres., John Straka, 2752 South Millard Ave., Chicago, Ill. Welfare organization of men and women. Operates in the U. S. and Czecho-Slovakia. Consists of various Roman Catholic lodges and church societies which have affiliated under the National Federation. Under direction of Supreme Lodge, contributions are made for assist

ance to poor students, for publication of pamphlets for social work in the U. S., and for aid to Czech Catholic cultural interests, as well as for the relief of war sufferers in Czecho-Slovakia. Federation holds an annual meeting in Chicago for the discussion of topics of interest to the Czech Catholics in America and Europe. The Review (Hlidka) (3307 West 22d St., Chicago, Ill.), monthly, issued free of charge to lodges and societies composing membership, is the official organ.

National Federation of Day Nurseries (org. 1898), 284 Fourth Ave., New York, N. Y. To unite in one central body all day nurseries, and to endeavor to secure standards of work. Acts as a bureau of information in regard to existing day nurseries. Gives advice and information regarding the organization, equipment, and conduct of day nurseries. Provides superintendents and nurses. Furnishes speakers for club meetings and conventions and other occasions. Field worker is available for investigation and assistance in organization, expenses to be paid by the community applying for such service. Holds an annual conference, open to the public. Special committees draw up standards for equipment of and admission to day nurseries. Federation publishes conference reports, 25 cents each; reports of committees, and leaflets on subjects of interest to workers in day nurseries, 10 cents each; also a directory of members. Local day nurseries are joined together in Nursery Centers, which are affiliated with the Federation. Any day nursery conforming to the accepted standards may join the Federation or a Center. Nurseries not members of Centers may also become members of the Federation. Supported by donations and by annual dues of members, $2 a year.

National Federation of Remedial Loan Associations (org. 1910), Secy., J. E. Ryan, 708 Breitmeyer Bldg., Detroit, Mich. To better conditions in the small loan business throughout the U. S. and Canada by securing legislation to curb the operations of the so-called "loan shark". Assists in drafting and securing the passage and enforcement of laws fixing interest charges and otherwise regulating the loan business. Aids and directs persons engaged in such work, and gives information and advice concerning the problems of organization and management of the loan business. Holds an annual meeting, the Proceedings of which are published; available to any one legitimately interested, but not to persons seeking to use them for stock promotion schemes. Financial aid for needy families may be secured through loans made on small monthly payment basis from local remedial loan agencies. Membership is