velt Rd., Chicago, Ill.; at 532 Pine St., Philadelphia, Pa.; and at 36 Center St., Ellenville, N. Y. Farm Settlement Bureau gives information and advice to prospective Jewish farmers; assists them in buying farms suited to their needs; prevents them from falling prey to "land sharks"; investigates dishonest deals and helps victims to obtain redress; conducts a publicity campaign through the Yiddish newspapers and through public meetings in large cities. Farm Loan Department, following investigations, grants loans to Jewish farmers to assist them in purchasing farms, erecting or improving farm buildings, paying mortgages, and as working capital. The repayment of the loans is spread over a number of years. There is no bonus, commission, or renewal charge. Farm Employment Bureau secures employment for Jewish laborers, affording them the opportunity of getting farming experience. It also assists farmers in securing much needed help. Educational Extension Bureau seeks to supply Jewish farmers with sound advice on the various phases of farming, both through correspondence and through visits of its field workers. These representatives, cooperating with the extension department of several State universities, advise Jewish farmers in regard to farm management, care of the stock, planting, cultivating, harvesting, buying of supplies, marketing of products, and similar problems. Organizes boys' and girls' clubs, and grants scholarships to sons and daughters of Jewish farmers for the short winter courses in the State agricultural colleges. Makes loans to students in the regular courses in agricultural colleges. Engages in community undertakings-religious, social, and educational. Rural Sanitation Department works for the improvement of sanitary conditions in farming communities. Society publishes The Jewish Farmer, the only agricultural magazine in Yiddish in the world, $2 for a three-year subscription. Supported by the Baron de Hirsch Fund (for description of which see elsewhere in the Handbook).

Jewish Committee. See American Jewish Committee.

Jewish Farmers. See Federation of Jewish Farmers of America. Jewish Publication Society of America (org. 1888, inc. 1889), + 1201 North Broad St., Philadelphia, Pa. Publishes in English and distributes to members literature of Jewish interest. It is strictly an educational and not a commercial institution. Issues "The American Jewish Year Book", $2 a copy. Membership open to Jews; non-Jews

may become subscribers. Supported by membership dues, $5 a year and up, and by subscriptions and income from the sale of its books.

Jewish Social Research Bureau. See Bureau of Jewish Social Research.

Jewish Social Service Conference. See National Conference of Jewish Social Service.

Jewish Welfare Board (org. 1917), 149 Fifth Ave., New York, N. Y. Ministers to the religious and spiritual needs of the enlisted men of Jewish faith. Conducts religious services and sends devotional and secular literature to men in camps and on ships. Arranges for the observance of Jewish holidays and festivals in the U. S. and in the Canal Zone, the Philippines, Hawaiian Islands, Haiti, China, and among the men in the American Forces in Germany. Representatives are Se active in several communities where recreational activities are conducted for men. Personal Service Department, at national headquarters, assists soldiers and sailors now in the service and their families, and also ex-service men and their families in the adjustment of war risk insurance, compensation, allowances, and the like. Maintains an office in Washington to facilitate contact with Governmental bureaus on these matters. The Board cooperates with the American Red Cross in ministering to sick and wounded war veterans in hospitals. It finances activities of local committees who visit the hospitals to distribute refreshments, arrange entertainments, and otherwise provide for the comfort and welfare of the patients. A bureau at national headquarters is engaged in identifying the men of Jewish faith among the soldiers who died in the war. Their graves are located and properly marked with the Star of David by the Cemeterial Division of the War Department on receipt of information gathered by this bureau. Photographs of the graves are taken and transmitted by the Board to the next of kin. Board plans to undertake the promotion of the Jewish Center Movement in communities of the U. S.; this activity comes as a result of the amalgamation of the Jewish Welfare Board and the Young Men's Hebrew and Kindred Associations (for description of which see elsewhere in the Handbook), which was decided upon by both organizations at their respective annual meetings held in October, 1920.

Jewish Women's Council. See Council of Jewish Women.

John A. Andrew Clinical Society. See Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute.

John A. Andrew Memorial Hospital. See Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute.

John F. Slater Fund (org. 1882), 61 Broadway, New York, N. Y. For the improvement and extension of schools for colored children in the South. Contributes to teacher training or industrial work in a number of colleges and private secondary schools. Has established many county training schools, which provide industrial training as well as the usual academic courses, and include some special preparation for teaching. Property of these county schools belongs to the State, county, or district in which they are located. They are part of the public school system. Training offered at present extends in all schools through the eighth school year, and in about half of the schools. through the tenth grade. Fund pays $500 annually towards teachers' salaries in each school on condition that the county in which the school is located give at least $750 for the same purpose. Fund is supported by an endowment of $2,000,000. Works in cooperation with the Negro Rural School Fund, Anna T. Jeannes Foundation (for description of which see elsewhere in the Handbook).

Johns Hopkins University, School of Public Health. See Rockefeller Foundation.

Julius Rosenwald Fund (org. 1914), Genl. Field Agent for Rural Schools, S. L. Smith, Commercial Club, Nashville, Tenn. Extends aid to southern communities desiring to provide modern rural school houses for Negroes. Operates through the State departments of education in the southern States. Cooperates with public school authorities and other agencies and persons interested in Negro schools. Provides suitable equipment for such schools. The sites and buildings of schools aided by the Fund are the property of the public school authorities. Certain restrictions are imposed: (1) the school site must be approved by the State department of education and the General Field Agent of the Fund; (2) it must include ample space for playgrounds and some agricultural work, a minimum of two acres being acceptable for a one-teacher school; (3) the plans and specifications for every building must be approved by the General Field Agent before construction is begun; (4) precedent to receiving the aid of the Fund the people of the community must secure from other sources an amount

equal to or greater than that provided by the Fund (labor, land, and material may be counted as cash at current market value); (5) the community contribution, together with the money received from the Fund, must be sufficient to complete, equip, and furnish the building; (6) monthly reports must be made through the State department of education to the Fund on disbursement of capital; (7) the amount appropriated by the Fund shall not exceed $500 for a one-teacher school, $800 for a two-teacher school, and $1,000 for a three-teacher school, except in localities where larger appropriations are required, in which cases special investigations are made; (8) aid is granted only to schools whose terms run at least five consecutive months; (9) every community must agree to complete, equip, and furnish its school building within eight months after reporting that it has qualified for aid from the Fund. On request the Fund will furnish suggestions, plans, and specifications for school houses. Encourages the building of Teachers' Homes on school grounds and in a limited number of selected localities where the annual school term is eight months or more, Fund will consider cooperation in the construction of such Teachers' Homes. The Fund reserves the right to discontinue its operations in behalf of rural schools after reasonable notice to the departments of education of the several cooperating States. Supported by endowment.

Junior Chamber of Commerce. See U. S. Junior Chamber of Com

merce.

Junior League of America (org. 1901), 6 East 45th St., New York, N. Y. To unite in one body all the Junior Leagues located in cities throughout the U. S., and to promote their individual purposes. Through local groups the League seeks to foster interest among its members in social, economic, educational, and civic conditions in their own communities, and to make efficient their volunteer services. Holds an annual conference. Central office publishes The Junior League Bulletin, monthly except August, September, and October; 15 cents a copy, $1 a year. Membership open on invitation. Supported by fees from member Leagues.

Junior Red Cross. See American National Red Cross.

Justice Department. See Department of Justice, U. S.

Katolická Jednota Sokol.
Katolicky Slovensky Sokol.

See Catholic Sokol Union.

Kendall School for the Deaf. Deaf.

Kindergarten Association.

Kindergarten Union.

See Catholic Slovak Sokol.

See Columbia Institution for the

See National Kindergarten Association. See International Kindergarten Union.

King Arthur, International Order of. See International Order of the Knights of King Arthur.

King's Daughters and Sons. See International Order of the King's Daughters and Sons.

Knights of Columbus (org. and inc. 1882), New Haven, Conn. To unite Roman Catholic men upon a common plane of religious and patriotic devotion. Conducts social service, educational, employment, Americanization, and publicity work, and issues death-benefit certificates under special departments as described below. Consists of Supreme Council, State Councils, and Subordinate Councils, the last-named local in character. Supreme Council acts as the supervisory and central office for the branches. Local bodies provide social and intellectual intercourse among members, and promote educational, charitable, religious, welfare, disaster relief, and other public work, according to needs of communities and without restriction of race or creed. Many local Councils maintain Homes which serve as club houses and community centers; operate day nurseries, endow hospitals, protect Catholic minor wards, build chapels at colleges and universities, conduct free employment bureaus, and do other related work. Local branches are under the jurisdiction of State Councils which meet annually and report to the Supreme Council. National body publishes The Columbiad, monthly, 40 cents a year, and books and pamphlets on Catholicism. Membership open to men of Catholic faith. Supported by per capita assessment paid to Supreme Council by local and State groups.

Insurance Department represents the original purpose of the Knights of Columbus. Seeks to teach the young man to make provision for his wife, children, or other dependents in case of his death. Offers fraternal benefit insurance to those members who desire it. Furnishes mutual aid and assistance to sick and disabled members. Issues policies on the step-rate plan, by which assessment is raised every five