Journal of Education. For introduction, $1.25. 12mo. Half-leather. 428 pages. Especial care has been taken to adapt the descriptions and explanations. Teachers and School Officials who are looking for the latest and GINN & COMPANY, Publishers BOSTON BULLETIN SCHOOL 1874 PUBLICATIONS THE MOST HELPFUL BOOK OF THE YEAR. Ideals and Programmes. By JEAN L. GOWDY, Principal of Washington School, Minneapolis, Minn. Cloth, 16mo, pp. This is one of the most practically helpful books ever written by a teacher for teachers. It deals with Additions to Standard Teachers' Library. We have purchased the plates of the following well-known books, and added them to the No. 60, Oct. 1898: SHERRILL'S NORMAL QUESTION BOOK. Compiled expressly to aid Nichols' Graded Lessons IN Arithmetic. Weekly. $2.50 per year. THE CLARENDON DICTIONARY---THE BEST For the Pupil's School Desk, The Business Man's Office Desk, OR 352 Washington St., Boston, Mass. COMPANY 43, 45, 47 East Tenth St., New York. NOW GRADE VII. best modern method of teaching number, both with ref- THOMPSON, BROWN & CO., Publishers, Boston-Chicago. Perfected through years of experience, Tested by years of use, DIXON'S AMERICAN GRAPHITE PENCILS have been gradually adopted in all schools, and are now ENTION the JOURNAL OF EDUCATION and send six cents in -8x111⁄2 inches, ten colors; no objectionable advertising. STANDARD. JOSEPH DIXON CRUCIBLE CO. : : : :: Jersey City, N. J. Manufacturers of LINENOID SEAMLESS SPECIALTIES. Circular and Calendar free. Important to Subscribers. In order to place the JOURNAL OF EDUCATION within the reach of every teacher in the country, we propose to offer the paper in CLUBS OF THREE OF more at $2.00 each This rate will be made only on condition that payment shall be made in advance, and that the Club, together with the money, shall be sent to us by one individual. This Club rate will apply to both new subscriptions and renewals, provided the above named conditions are complied with. For special inducements to secure Clubs, address SUBSCRIPTION DEPT. NEW ENGLAND PUBLISHING COMPANY. 2 Somerset St.. Boston. Mass. Send for our Supplement Apparatus. Take Complete Catalogues fur nished on receipt of ten cents for postage. The Fitchburg R.R. To All Points West. Lowest Rates A SERIES OF 604 E. F., Double Elastic. GILLOTT PENS. Nothing is left to chance in the manufacture of Ivory Soap. It is the highest result of scientific soap making. Ivory Soap has been analyzed by many of the most noted chemists, who pronounce it of superior quality. The tests of chemists give confidence that it is pure, and the tests of thousands of housekeepers who have used Ivory Soap for years is even more convincing. They say that Ivory Soap will do some work for which no other soap can be trusted. They know from experience. A WORD OF WARNING.-There are many white soaps, each represented to be "just as good as the Ivory ';" they ARE NOT, but like all counterfeits, lack the peculiar and remarkable qualities of the genuine. Ask for "Ivory" Soap and insist upon getting it. Copyright, 1898, by The Procter & Gamble Co., Cincinnati. THE SAME PEN IN THREE SIZES. Commercial Schools, Teachers of Penmanship and Business Writers appreciate the elasticity, accuracy, smoothness and durability of these pers. They induce a rapid and legible style of hand, JOSEPH GILLOTT & SONS. 91 JOHN STREET, NEW YORK. AAAAJJJ Educational Institutions. COLLEGES. BOSTON UNIVERSITY. Seven Colleges and Schools. Open to both sexes. Address the Registrar. NORMAL SCHOOLS. THE CRANE NORMAL INSTITUTE OF MUSIC. Special Course for Supervisors of Music in Public Schools. The GEM PENCIL SHARPENER Pupils prepared for church and concert engagements. Piano instruction, Mason and Virgil methods combined. For circulars apply to Sharpens both Lead and Slate Pencils. "It gives me great pleasure to recommend the Gem Pencil Sharpener.' It does the work well and quickly. This last is of great importance for school work. This sharpener' is in satisfactory use in very many of the cities and towns of the State. From what I personally know of the results here and elsewhere, I am fully convinced that the Gem' is the very best sharpener on the market. In fact I do not believe that there is any other which at all compares with this one for use either in the school or the office. JOEL D. MILLER, [eow] Mass. State Board of Education. Price, $3.50. Manufactured by F. H. COOK & CO., Leominster, Mass. Send for descriptive circular. HOLIDAY ENTERTAINMENTS may be continued the year round with pleasure and profit with one of our MAGIC LANTERN OUTFITS. In use by over 200 leading educational institutions. Send for bargain circular. J. B. COLT & CO., Dept. E4, 3 to 7 West 29th St., New York. TIME IS MONEY SAVE IT BY USING THE Union Pacific Railroad. BEST ROUTE TO AND FROM COLORADO, UTAH, CALIFORNIA, OREGON, WASHINGTON, IDAHO, and MONTANA. The Overland Limited." California in Three Days. Leaves Chicago 6.30 P. M. Daily for Pacific Coast Points. 66 The Colorado Special." One Night to Denver. Leaves Chicago 10.00 A. M. Daily: Arriving at Denver 1.30 P. M. For complete information concerning these magnificent trains and the Union Pacific Railroad address R. TENBROECK, Gen'l Eastern Agent, 287 Broadway, New York. W. MASSEY, New England Freight and Passenger Agent, 5 State St., Boston, Mass. Omaha, Neb. When writing to our advertisers, please mention this journal. M188 JULIA E. CRANE, Director, Potsdam, N. Y. Vol. XLIX. Journal of Education. BOSTON AND CHICAGO, JANUARY 5, 1899. TOO MANY ENTER HIGH SCHOOLS. MAYOR JOSIAH QUINCY OF BOSTON; SUPERVISOR GEORGE H. MARTIN, BOSTON; SUPERINTENDENT [Symposium at Massachusetts Schoolmasters' Club as Reported by the Editor.] WILLIAM F. BRADBURY, President of the club-Principal Cambridge Latin School. In In In 1857 Cambridge had a population of 20,000 and a high school attendance of 200, or one in 100. 1870 the population was 39,000 and the high school attendance 289, or three-fourths of one per cent. 1879 the women's college movement gave a great impetus to high school attendance; in 1882-3 free textbooks added a new attractive force, and later the commercial and manual training features increased the popularity of the high schools. In 1898 the population is 85,000, and the attendance upon all high schools in all courses in Cambridge is 1,000, or one and a sixth per cent. Leaving out the 178 who are in the manual training high school, there is a trifle less than one per cent. The facts are different, apparently, in other cities, which is due probably to the exceptionally large attendance in the Cambridge high school forty years ago, rather than to any falling off in recent years. JOSIAH QUINCY, Mayor of Boston. I speak not as a specialist, nor as an educator, but as a publicist, and I am not sure that I shall permanently stand by the suggestions that I make to-day. I am not in favor of a municipal university education, a proposition that is absurd. I am not in favor of stopping the opportunities for public education with the grammar school, but we must not be unmindful of the fact that there is a limit to the amount that a city can expend upon education. When there is no legal limit there is a practical limit, and in Boston there is a legal limit. I went before the legislative committee last winter and presented a bill, which found favor with the committee and with the legislature and became a law, limiting the amount to be appropriated for education in Boston to $2.80 on $1,000 of valuation in 1899, to $2.85 in 1900, and to $2.90 thereafter. This establishes a legal limit for the first time in Massachusetts history. Heretofore, the school board has had the right to expend as much as it thought necessary for the support of schools, and the city has been obliged to pay the bills. This will not be so hereafter. This appropriation should, first of all, be used in providing for the necessities of the primary schools. Primary education is to be furnished to all children. Every future citizen must have a rudimentary education. The high schools must never rob the primary schools. They must be content with what is left of the finances after the lower grades have had what they need. The high school should be only for those who have special adaptation for higher education, who have demonstrated in the primary schools their aptitude for such higher education. These should be singled out and given an opportunity to prepare for whatever they are clearly adapted to. No door of opportunity should be closed to the talented, but there is no occasion to provide for others. Not one-half of those who graduate from the grammar school are fitted for anything beyond. This unfitted half should not be allowed to spend their time or the public money in a four years' high school course. There is no justification in such a use of public moneys. High schools should be for definite preparation for special work in life. The work of the high school should all be specialized. There is no justification in providing for general knowledge in these schools. The mechanic arts high school and the proposed indicate what should be done in the high schools. commercial high school are directly in this line, and girls. They should adjust the education of youth to At present the high schools mislead the boys and the law of supply and demand. They should be especially careful not to disturb this law. The high school should be guided by consideration of the economic and social benefit it will be to the children WILLIAM F. BRADBURY, President Massachusetts Schoolmasters' Club. and to the community. There is a limit to those who GEORGE H. MARTIN, Supervisor in Boston. self to two or three remarks of his honor the mayor. As several others are to follow, I must confine myIn the first place, I wish to say that his bill placing board can appropriate, and basing that limit upon the a limit upon the amount of money that the school assessed value of property rather than upon the necesfiable interference with affairs wholly beyond the sities of the children, is an unwarrantable and unjustiprovince of the legislature or of the mayor, who acted, as he says, from economic considerations. That legislation in its inception, in its principles, and in its details is fundamentally and radically wrong. It is revolutionary. It was an impertinence and a usurpation. From the first, for 250 years, education has been a studies must be taught, has fixed a standard of quali- Number 1. instruction for the prescribed term, whatever might last legislature, apparently at the motion of his honor be the appropriation by the city government. The the mayor, reversed all this, and allows the assessors scribed by the state. of the city, practically, to say how much provision shall be made for the teaching of the subjects preIt would be interesting to see how the supreme court would view this action. The one question above all others, however, which his honor the mayor suggests is whether or not there is too much education abroad. He seems to have reversed a time-honored saying, and introduces a new motto for the nation. "Too much knowledge is a dangerous thing for the common people." Is this true? Were the fathers wrong when they acted upon the principle that too little knowledge is a dangerous thing? In Massachusetts from 1875 to 1895 the increase This looks as though the people still have faith in the in the population was fifty-one per cent., while the increase in high school enrollment was 124 per cent. motto of the fathers. In 1581 there was an English worthy who had a theory not wholly inappropriate at this time. He said not that too many children are in the high school, but that "too many people are trying to have their children educated. How can we prevent it?" He went a step further than we seem to be going here, for Mulcaster tried to find a legal means of stopping it. We are not so far behind him, for we have found a legal means to limit the expenditure for schools, and we are told that children must have no more high school education than can be provided out of what is left of the appropriation within the legal limit after everything has been done for the lower grades. Mulcaster was troubled because there had arisen an unexpected impulse on the part of the people of England to educate their children, and this was so strong as to be uncontrollable, and they went forward with the education of their children. The men who were educated in spite of Mulcaster's wailing and warning were the men who forty years later came to New England and made the schoolhouse the cornerstene of the American temple of freedom. Had Mulcaster been heeded, we might never have had the the Mulcasters of the age. American of to-day. It is well at times not to heed education planned for America 250 years ago was not In this connection it is interesting to note that the elementary, that the schools upon which our system of children, but the high schools for the youth of the rests were not the primary schools for the education land. Every great educational awakening that has set American education forward has been directed at the top of the system, and then the lower schools have come up to these. The great movement from the Treaty of Paris in 1763 to the adoption of the Constitution in 1789 was directed to the development of academies. At the anniversary of the Milton academy the other day President Eliot, who never says anything that is not worth replying to, said that when parents pay $180 a year tuition for the education of the child, it and suggests merit and capacity on the part of the implies merit and capacity on the part of the child, parents. Does President Eliot intend to imply that when parents send their children to the public schools and pay no tuition that it implies no merit and no capacity on the part of the child, and that it suggests that there is no merit or capacity on the part of their parents? Charles Eliot Norton, and Charles W. Eliot have all James Russell Lowell, George William Curtis, emphasized again and again that higher education is who have demonstrated no special capacity. They good enough for them, but too good for plain youth have had their say in their day, and the plain people Curtis, Norton, and Eliot is none too good for Smith, have concluded that what is good enough for Lowell, Jones, and Brown, and of late the McConnells, the |