Industrial GasesSpringer Science & Business Media, 2007 M05 8 - 570 pages Industrial gases are inextricably woven into the fabric of modern manufacturing. From the primary extraction of raw materials, through their intermediate processing to manufacture metals, chemicals and ceramics, to the fabrication of sophisticated industrial, consumer and food products, gases are used across the whole spectrum of industry. The isolation, manufature and supply of these gases is a major industry in itself; the 300 million tones of gas used each year generates sales in excess of $20 billion. In terms of tonnage, nitrogen has become the most used industrial gas, finding applications across the whole range of industry. It is still manufactured by liquifying and then distilling air, but as applications develop and demand increases, newer methods of isolation, such as pressure swing absorbtion and membrane seperation will become important. This new book introduces the main industrial gases and the gases industry, it discusses the main technologies for their isolation, seperation, manufacture and handling. In addition, the book contains an overview of the main applications of industrial gases and a brief discussion of new production processes and applications. Chemists, chemical engineers, physicists and technologists involved in the research and development, production or utilisation of industrial gases will find this concise book an essential and accessable reference source. For advanced students of these disciplines, the book provides a fascinating overview of this important industry. |
From inside the book
Results 1-5 of 74
Page ix
... Vapour pressure of liquids Sublimation and supercritical fluids Dissolved gases in liquids Some specific gases 1.4.1 Special gases The gases industry 1.5.1 Which gases matter? Corporate structure of the industrial gases industry 1.6.1 ...
... Vapour pressure of liquids Sublimation and supercritical fluids Dissolved gases in liquids Some specific gases 1.4.1 Special gases The gases industry 1.5.1 Which gases matter? Corporate structure of the industrial gases industry 1.6.1 ...
Page 3
... pressure or high pressure up to 10 bar (e.g. Anon, 1989). Helium and argon were discovered late in the nineteenth ... vapour above an early sample of liquid argon, whilst krypton was found by its optical emission spectrum. Xenon was ...
... pressure or high pressure up to 10 bar (e.g. Anon, 1989). Helium and argon were discovered late in the nineteenth ... vapour above an early sample of liquid argon, whilst krypton was found by its optical emission spectrum. Xenon was ...
Page 23
... pressure, is much slower at the higher pressures often used in industry. In a gas cylinder at 1 bara, for example ... vapour deposition (CVD) coatings, flatscreen displays and solar cells are also users of low pressures. Books on vacuum ...
... pressure, is much slower at the higher pressures often used in industry. In a gas cylinder at 1 bara, for example ... vapour deposition (CVD) coatings, flatscreen displays and solar cells are also users of low pressures. Books on vacuum ...
Page 26
... pressure by the outgassing of water vapour absorbed onto the container and pipework walls. In our example, to achieve high vacuum the cylinder must be baked to 100°C or more.) 1.3.12 Heat transfer in gases Heat transfer is a substantial ...
... pressure by the outgassing of water vapour absorbed onto the container and pipework walls. In our example, to achieve high vacuum the cylinder must be baked to 100°C or more.) 1.3.12 Heat transfer in gases Heat transfer is a substantial ...
Page 28
... pressure. In fact, for real gases at ordinary pressures, the viscosity does indeed depend very little on pressure. Between 1 mbar and about 100 bar, a range of ... pressure, the saturated. 28 INDUSTRIAL GASES Vapour pressure of liquids.
... pressure. In fact, for real gases at ordinary pressures, the viscosity does indeed depend very little on pressure. Between 1 mbar and about 100 bar, a range of ... pressure, the saturated. 28 INDUSTRIAL GASES Vapour pressure of liquids.
Contents
61 | 473 |
4 | 515 |
78 | 520 |
Glossary | 537 |
The human nose as a gas detector | 543 |
83 | 550 |
References | 555 |
111 | 559 |
Gas technology | 61 |
Ozone generators | 130 |
Applications of gases in industry | 298 |
Freezing and chilling | 351 |
543 | 563 |
518 | 565 |
188 | 566 |
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absorbed acetylene achieved aluminium amount applications argon atmosphere boiling bubbles carbon dioxide chemical chlorine circuit coating column components compounds compressed compressor containing cooling cost cryogenic density detector diffusion distillation effect efficient electrical electronic energy etch example Figure filters flame flammable flow rate fluorine freezing fuel furnace gas cylinders heat exchanger helium high pressure hydrocarbons hydrogen ignition impurities industrial gases inert gas insulation ions layer leak levels liquefied liquid nitrogen low pressure materials mbar membrane metal methane moisture molecular molecular sieve molecules needed normally operation oxide oxygen ozone particles pipe pipeline pipework plant plasma plastic polymer problems production pump purge purity reaction reactive reactor room temperature seals semiconductor separation silane silicon simple sintering stainless steel supply surface tank thermal thermal conductivity tonnes tube typically vacuum valve vaporiser vapour pressure vessel viscosity wafer welding whilst zeolite