Assessment of Climate Change for the Baltic Sea BasinSpringer Science & Business Media, 2008 M01 22 - 474 pages This book offers an up-to-date overview of the latest scientific findings in regional climate research on the Baltic Sea basin. This includes climate changes in the recent past, climate projections up until 2100 using the most sophisticated regional climate models available, and an assessment of climate change impacts on terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems. The authors demonstrate that the regional climate has already started to change, and will continue to do so. |
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Page 11
... southern parts of the Baltic Sea. Some of the marine species are Arctic in origin, such as the bivalves Astarte borealis and Macoma calcarea. They are found in the central and southern half of the Baltic Sea, in the Belt Sea and ...
... southern parts of the Baltic Sea. Some of the marine species are Arctic in origin, such as the bivalves Astarte borealis and Macoma calcarea. They are found in the central and southern half of the Baltic Sea, in the Belt Sea and ...
Page 12
... Southern Baltic Sea Basin and Northern Europe, and migrate through the Baltic Sea twice a year in millions, making spectacular sights. In environmental management of the Baltic Sea, one must therefore be able to cover a species during ...
... Southern Baltic Sea Basin and Northern Europe, and migrate through the Baltic Sea twice a year in millions, making spectacular sights. In environmental management of the Baltic Sea, one must therefore be able to cover a species during ...
Page 23
... southern areas in summer in many scenarios. In general, the projected changes also increase with greenhouse gas emissions. As an example, the expected changes of winter (DJF) mean temperatures are shown in Fig. 1.19 (see also Chap. 3.5) ...
... southern areas in summer in many scenarios. In general, the projected changes also increase with greenhouse gas emissions. As an example, the expected changes of winter (DJF) mean temperatures are shown in Fig. 1.19 (see also Chap. 3.5) ...
Page 24
... southern parts of the Baltic Sea Basin. In wintertime, there is an indication that the number of heavy precipitation events has increased. Characteristics of cloudiness and solar radiation show remarkable inter-annual and interdecadal ...
... southern parts of the Baltic Sea Basin. In wintertime, there is an indication that the number of heavy precipitation events has increased. Characteristics of cloudiness and solar radiation show remarkable inter-annual and interdecadal ...
Page 25
... southern” areas of the Baltic Sea Basin are defined by the subregions shown in Fig. 3.12 (Chap. 3). Consistent with GCM studies, all available downscaling studies also indicate increases in temperature during all seasons for every ...
... southern” areas of the Baltic Sea Basin are defined by the subregions shown in Fig. 3.12 (Chap. 3). Consistent with GCM studies, all available downscaling studies also indicate increases in temperature during all seasons for every ...
Contents
1 | |
13 | |
Past and Current Climate Change | 35 |
Projections of Future Anthropogenic Climate Change | 133 |
Climaterelated Change in Terrestrial and Freshwater Ecosystems | 221 |
Climaterelated Marine Ecosystem Change | 309 |
A Annexes | 379 |
Acronyms and Abbreviations | 469 |
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Common terms and phrases
20th century air temperature analysis annual anthropogenic areas Assessment Atlantic atmospheric average Baltic Sea Basin carbon caused central circulation climate change climate models cloudiness coast coastal compared concentrations crease decades decrease distribution ecosystem effects emissions estimates Estonia et al Europe European example extreme factors Finland fish flow forcing forest future global growth Gulf higher hydrological impact important increase indices influence Institute lakes land limited long-term marine maximum mean measurements natural North northern nutrient observed occur period Poland population positive precipitation present processes production projected radiation range recent reduced regional Report response river runoff salinity scale scenarios sea level seal season Sect shifts significant simulations southern species spring stations statistically studies summer surface Sweden temperature tion trend values variability variations warming wind winter
Popular passages
Page 473 - UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNEP United Nations Environment Programme UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization...
Page 1 - Climate change" means a change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods.
Page 13 - Nevertheless, the balance of evidence suggests that there is a discernible human influence on global climate.
Page 128 - Suursaar U, Jaagus J, Kullas T (2006) Past and future changes in sea level near the Estonian coast in relation to changes in wind climate. Boreal...
Page 456 - Arimoto, R., Church, TM, Ellis, W., Galloway, JN, Hansen, L., Jickells, TD, Knap, AH, Reinhardt, KH, Schneider, B., Soudine, A., Tokos, JJ, Tsunogai, S., Wollast, R., and Zhou, M.
Page 210 - GH 2000. A Comparison of Delta Change and Downscaled GCM Scenarios for Three Mountainous Basins in the United States.
Page 1 - I usage refers to any change in climate over time whether due to natural variability or as a result of human activity.
Page 288 - Magnuson. 1996. Potential effects of global climate change on small north-temperate lakes: Physics, fish, and plankton.
Page 371 - Variation in egg buoyancy of Baltic cod Gadus morhua and its implications for egg survival in prevailing conditions in the Baltic Sea.