of prompt and effective methods for the cure of drug addiction and rehabilitation for the addicts and their families.

Senator HUGHES. Thank you very much, Senator Metcalf.

The Chair appreciates Senator Javits' presence here this morning. There has been complete cooperation on a nonpartisan or bipartisan basis in this committee. Without his help and the help of his staff, we couldn't have accomplished any of the things we have to date, or made any of the recommendations or investigations we have to date.

I want to thank both you gentlemen for your support, not only of this committee, but in facing this problem, the Majority Leader particularly. Two years ago, at the inception of this subcommittee, he not only encouraged me privately, but publicly on the floor of the Senate, in undertaking the investigations that were very difficult and at that moment not very popular.

We have come a long way. I placed in the Senate Record yesterday a summary of what the subcommittee has accomplished and what the Senate has done by way of response.

I have visited Glasgow Air Force Base, I do find it as modern a facility as I have ever seen, as described by the two Senators from Montana, and if in the judgment of the medical and scientific personnel in the military this sort of a center or base is necessary, certainly I believe that it is as ideal a location and as complete a facility as anything I have ever seen.

I want to thank you for your continuing encouragement and for calling to the attention of the committee the availability of this base, should such a facility be necessary.

Senator MANSFIELD. Thank you.

Senator HUGHES. Do you have any questions?

Senator JAVITS. No.

I just wanted to also state that I would like to agree with Senators Mansfield and Metcalf. I think our chairman has brought about the organization of this subcommittee. He is very generous to me, but it is a fact that he has literally been the sparkplug here.

Also, especially to our beloved majority leader, I would say that when I was in Vietnam recently, it was very clear to me that this issue which you gentlemen have addressed yourselves to this morning was of such a nature that it could sweep aside every other policy consideration rather than the American people in a sense be deprived of policy decisions, so great was the feeling of outrage and so real the emergency.

If the Vietnam Government didn't really get aboard and clean out the situation locally of supply, and if we didn't, as the majority leader has stated, really put into effect a treatment program and other programs showing that we realize what had happened to these young men who we sent abroad to fight for our Nation. Thank you very much.

Senator HUGHES. Thank you very much, gentlemen.

The Chair would like to call the witnesses from the Defense Department, the Honorable Roger T. Kelley, Assistant Secretary of Defense, Manpower and Reserve Affairs. My office received a call this morning from the office of Brig. Gen. George J. Hayes, Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health and En

vironment, and because of pressing problems, he was unable to be present this morning.

That is correct, isn't it, Mr. Secretary.

Mr. KELLEY. Yes, sir: it is.

Senator HUGHES. Also, Col. Stewart Baker, Chief of Psychiatry and Neurology, Office of the Surgeon General of the Army, Brig. Gen. Robert B. Carney, Jr., Deputy Assistant Chief of Staff-G-1, Headquarters, U.S. Marine Corp., Brig. Gen. J. W. Roberts, Deputy Director of Personnel Planning, U.S. Air Force, Brig. Gen. Robert G. Gard, Jr., Director of Discipline and Drug Policies, U.S. Army, Capt. Charles F. Rauch, Naval Investigation Service Headquarters, U.S. Navy, and John Kester, Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Army, Manpower and Reserve Affairs.

Is that a complete listing of the personnel you have with you, Mr. Secretary?

Mr. KELLEY. One minor correction. Captain Rauch became Rear Admiral Rauch yesterday.

Senator HUGHES. Congratulations.

Gentlemen, with your patience, I had an opening statement which I didn't deliver in order to enable the majority leadership of the Senate to go on about their affairs. I would like to make that statement at this time with your patience.

I want to welcome the distinguished witnesses from the Department of Defense, and to express the subcommittee's appreciation for their appearance here this morning. I also appreciated greatly the appearance of the two distinguished Senators from Montana, Senators Mansfield and Metcalf.

This June 22 hearing which supplements our earlier hearing on drug abuse in the military of June 9 is the result of a request by the Department of Defense when we invited the Department to send witnesses on June 9.

Secretary Kelley asked if the hearing could be postponed until the 22d, when the Department would have completed its plans for drug abuse control in the military under the President's new program. Owing to the urgency of the matter at hand and the volume of material to be covered, I said that we would need to proceed with the June 9 hearing and suggested that the DOD witnesses appear then also to apprise the subcommittee of the most recent figures on drug abuse in the military, to summarize what has been done thus far by the military services to counter the growing epidemic, and to consider various other pertinent points preliminary to the spelling out the details of the plan.

The Department agreed to testify on both the 9th and the 22d, and the committee appreciated their cooperation. The earlier testimony was very helpful in enlarging our understanding of the problem.

Mr. Secretary, I want to thank you and your associates for your continuing cooperation in this matter. I can assure you that we will listen to your testimony about the government's new initiatives with keen interest and with the devout hope that the offensive against. drugs in both military and civilian sectors will be successful.

As chairman of this subcommittee, it may be of some use for me to in where I find myself at the present time with regard to my de toward the new program for the armed services.

In the first place, as I have said repeatedly during the past week, President Nixon deserves full credit for declaring the emergency, however early or late it may be in doing it, in launching a crash drug control offensive. I have also complimented the wisdom of approaching the problem in its totality, both civilian and military, instead of confining the emphasis to the military where the sharp focus of public concern is lodged at the moment.

We have something going where there was no concerted national effort before, and we better all hope that it will succeed, regardless of prejudices or partisanship, because I frankly believe that the Nation hasn't even begun to realize how dangerous, hideous, and complex the explosive problem that confronts us is.

If there are fatal flaws in the new program, understandable in view of the haste with which it has been put together, then it behooves us who know the field and care very deeply about what is done to speak out constructively, but bluntly, about what the new program needs to make it succeed.

Ladies and gentlemen, this is not just a byproduct of war. In my opinion, it is a war in itself. If we fall apart and fail to meet the emergency, we may do more permanent damage to the future of our country than all the other aspects of the Vietnam war have done. In the first place, it is necessary to understand that we are not dealing with a matter of logistics, or political policy, or statistics. We are dealing with the lives of a large percentage of the best of our youth. It is the future of our country that is in the balance. The drug addiction epidemic is a chain reaction phenomenon. Human lives are in the balance. If we don't salvage them, we may well have pushed the red button that will introduce generations of disease and sickness and crime into our society.

I am not giving you rhetoric. I am telling you what I believe to be the truth. This national effort has got to succeed. It would be difficult enough to make it succeed if we were strongly unified. It is unbelievably difficult when we are not.

An immediate political solution to the crisis which would get addicted men out of Vietnam, patched up from their addiction long enough to be returned to civilian life, providing the answer to the immediate public anxiety, but offering no permanent solution, would be sowing the seeds of a whirlwind.

I have grave differences of opinion with the administration in some of the aspects and objectives of its crash approach, with the military concerning its discouraging rigidity about a sensitive problem that requires flexibility and human understanding, and with the professional people in the health area who claw one another apart while the house burns down.

We must work with the President; we must work with the professionals; we must keep our balance, our cool, our independent objective judgment. We must go along with the programs insofar as they are right. We must strive to correct them when they are wrong. We cannot waste all of our time in recriminations or looking back over our shoulders. We can't afford to drop this one.

If you could read my mail, you would realize the urgency of the American people's feeling and the unimaginable stakes involved in controlling chemical addiction and correcting the conditions that we are breeding.

I have listed in the statement just four or five examples of selec tions from letters I received, both from veterans, men in the service. mothers and fathers, which I will not read at this time, but wil ask unanimous consent that they be included in the record as though given.

(The information referred to follows:)

SELECTED EXCERPTS FROM LETTERS TO SENATOR HUGHES

An Army serviceman writes: "May I only voice concern that due to delayed recognition and treatment of some, or many, individuals, their release would be held up. Due to this fear on the part of affected men, they might conceal their problem until they were out of the military and became a problem to society."

A soldier writes of his acquiring heroin addiction in Vietnam and the continuing nightmare he went through, seeking help. In part, he says: "I sought help in Vietnam from the Amnesty Program. After detoxification (which consisted of five days in a special barracks on tranquilizers) I was sent back to the same job and situation that started my addiction. The NCO's were not understanding and the harassment grew greater. Five days after I was released from the aid station, I was back on the drug."

A father writes of his son who got hooked and was drummed out of the service with a discharge less than honorable. "They declared amnesty to anyone who turned himself in," the father says, "but my son had not heard of it until the day he was caught."

From a serviceman in Vietnam comes a thoughtful, eloquent letter containing this comment:

"These men become addicted, it is suspected, by the concerted efforts of our enemy in this war. Is this not also a front of battle in this psychological war? And are not our drug-addicted troops as physically and psychologically injured victims of enemy action as if they were struck down by bullets? "Surely the wounds these often very young men bear are as crippling as any inflicted on American soldiers indeed, we know that the 'wounds' can be and often are fatal."

A mother writes of her son who enlisted in the regular Army at 18 and spent over three and a half years of his two enlistments in Vietnam. "He was not a drug addict when he enlisted," she says, but he became one. "He spent three days in January in a hospital in Cam Ranh Bay and was told to return to his job and if he complained he would be arrested or could take a discharge."

The boy was finally honorably discharged despite his addiction, but the mother says: "The VA told me they have no place to send him for the further rehabilitation he needs, since Congress has appropriated no funds necessary to set up badly needed drug rehabilitation centers."

I could go on indefinitely with these case histories which reveal the complexity, the seriousness and the heartache of the problem of drug abuse in the armed services.

Frankly, I believe the peril of increasing durg abuse in both the armed services and our civilian society is infinitely more serious than 98 percent of the American public realizes. We dare not fail in meeting it as a united people.

Senator HUGHES. That does conclude my opening statement.
Senator Javits, do you

have a statement? Senator JAVITS. Thank you.

I am anxious to hear the Defense Department witnesses, and I would like to associate myself with the statement just made by the Chairman.

Senator HUGHES. All right, Secretary Kelley, you have a prepared statement. You are welcome to give it as it is or summarize it and supplement it as you wish.

STATEMENT OF HON. ROGER T. KELLEY, ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF DEFENSE (MANPOWER AND RESERVE AFFAIRS); ACCOMPANIED BY BRIG. GEN. GEORGE J. HAYES, PRINCIPAL DEPUTY ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF DEFENSE (HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT); BRIG. GEN. ROBERT B. CARNEY, JR., DEPUTY ASSISTANT CHIEF OF STAFF G-1, U.S. MARINE CORPS; BRIG. GEN. J. W. ROBERTS, DEPUTY DIRECTOR OF PERSONNEL PLANNING, U.S. AIR FORCE; BRIG. GEN. ROBERT G. GARD, JR., DIRECTOR OF DISCIPLINE AND DRUG POLICIES, U.S. ARMY; REAR ADM. CHARLES F. RAUCH, NAVAL INVESTIGATION SERVICE, HEADQUARTERS, U.S. NAVY; MAJ. MORGAN PECK, OFFICE OF THE SURGEON GENERAL OF THE ARMY; AND JOHN KESTER, DEPUTY ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF THE ARMY, MANPOWER AND RESERVE AFFAIRS

Mr. KELLEY. It is not a long statement, Mr. Chairman. With your permission, I will read it into the record.

Senator HUGHES. All right, you may proceed.

Mr. KELLEY. Mr. Chairman, gentlemen, I appreciate the opportunity to appear again before the subcommittee to discuss the Department of Defense plan to deal effectively with drug abuse in the armed forces, including the identification and treatment of heroin users in Vietnam. In my earlier appearance on June 9, I described the initiatives that have already been taken by DOD in cooperation with other agencies of Government to bring this problem under control, including important changes in policy and programs during the past year that have brought the problem and the means of solving it into sharper focus.

As you know, the President has directed that the critical national problem of drug abuse be given urgent and immediate attention. As an important part of the national program, he has directed the Department of Defense to identify and insure the treatment of military members who are dependent on drugs.

Implementing this direction, the Secretary of Defense on June 17, 1971, instructed the military departments, within 7 days, to commence identification of service members departing Vietnam who are using heroin, to refer them for immediate detoxification in-country before they return to the United States, and thereafter to give them follow-on treatment in the United States.

With your permission, I would like to enter into the record a copy of Secretary Laird's directive to the services.

Senator HUGHES. Without objection, so ordered. (The information referred to follows:)

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