Concrete Building Construction

aggregate allowable amount applied approximately assumed bars beam bending building carried cement Chapter column compressive computed concrete considered construction continuous Contract Contractor cost covered cross-section depth determined Diagram diameter direction distance drop effective employed equal equation estimate example exterior face feet finish floor footing forms Formula girders give given illustrates inches increase interior Joint lb per sq length less limited live load materials maximum metal method mixing mixture moments necessary negative noted obtained Owner panel percentage Piles placed positive pounds practice proportion quantities reinforcement resist rods roofs Round sand shear shown shows side slab spacing span specifications spiral sq ft square standard steel strength stress strip structural sufficient supports surface Table taken thickness Typical unit usually vertical wall weight width wire