also incite further interest by the Governor who might be able to secure still further funds to match those of the Federal Government. It is even conceivable that should Federal money become available there will be sufficient incentive to convene a special session of the General Assembly for the purpose of providing larger funds. "Even the expenditure of $2,000,000 for purely instructional purposes would provide that minimum of relief which would make the difference between the impossible and possible situation. It is to be considered that construction costs are now so high that no institution which is not overcrowded would do any building for the next year or two. By that time, the great and pressing need of veterans' education will have passed its peak, and since this veteran load has been brought about by the action of the Federal Government it is only right that the Government should participate with the colleges in their effort to give these young men educational advantages and make up in some part the extra and additional cost of construction now, rather than in 1952 or 1953. "In speaking of construction now, we realize that if funds are made available today the time required for preparation of plans, letting of contracts, and actual construction work will mean that the structures will not be available for use until 12 or 18 months from now." Mr. Charles Strong, consulting engineer for the university system of Georgia: "The following buildings are acutely needed by the university system of Georgia: University of Georgia, Athens; total enrollment 6,387, of which Physical educational building.. University system center, Atlanta; total enrollment 3,624. of which 1,783 are veterans: Gymnasium-auditorium (to complete). 50,000 Library... Renovations to present building to complete physics, chemistry, and biology laboratories, and to complete air-conditioning system for 22 inside classrooms. Total University of Georgia School of Medicine, Augusta; total enrollment 400,000 250,000 250,000 Georgia Southwestern College, Americus; total enrollment 444, of which 156 are veterans: Total Rebuild Aycock Hall... Conversion of heating plant.. West Georgia College, Carrollton; total enrollment 545, of which 241 are veterans: Total. 90,000 Middle Georgia College, Cochran; total enrollment 411, of which 206 are veterans: South Georgia College, Douglas; total enrollment 464, of which 259 are veterans: Science building.. Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College, Abac; total enrollment 365, of which 175 are veterans. This enrollment includes students at the Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station at Tifton: $225,000 Fort Valley State College, Fort Valley; total enrollment 494, of which 112 are veterans: Library Health and physical education building (including gymnasium). 50,000 400, 000 250,000 200, 000 200, 000 Graduate education building 50, 000 200, 000 Total Georgia State College, Savannah; total enrollment 661, of which 207 are veterans: Classrooms and laboratories. 900, 000 250,000 Albany State College, Albany; total enrollment 393, of which 81 are 250,000 Laundry Total North Georgia College, Dahlonega; total enrollment 586, of which 166 are veterans: Gymnasium-drill hall. Grand total___ 5, 900, 000 Dr. Walter S. Newman, vice president, Virginia Polytechnic Institute: "Prior to the war we had on the main campus an enrollment of 2,600 students and about 400 in extension branches at other points in the State. For the session 1946-47 the enrollment on the main campus, including some temporary housing, was 4,200. Enrollment in reactivated and increased extensions totaled 800. The projected enrollment for the 1947-48 session on the main campus is 4,700; extensions, 900. Projected enrollment for 1952 on the main campus, 6,000; extensions, 1,000." "To take care of this increase, our plant and facilities on the main campus, which are now terribly overcrowded, must be practically doubled. The State legislature has appropriated to date $2,000,000 of the six or seven million dollars that will be needed for this purpose. I believe the relatively small contribution proposed from the Federal Government can be justified in our situation because of the following: "(a) The majority of the increased enrollment, even the projected, until 1952, will be veterans. The Federal Government has made available under the GI bill the opportunity for these men to secure a college education, and what is actually happening is that they are being taken in at the expense of high-school seniors. For next year we have 2,500 applications and can take in only 1,000. The normal increase in our enrollment has been advanced and intensified because of the war and the GI bill, and the Federal Government should aid in this crisis. 61399-47-6 "(b) Our school is offering degrees in ceramic engineering, architectural engineering, chemical engineering, and statistics, and at the present time we are turning away a great many applicants from nearby States because of our limited facilities. The Federal Government in helping with capital outlay would then make it more logical for us to accept out-of-State applicants. "(c) Appropriations from the Federal Government would, in my opinion, even though they be relatively small, become a great incentive to States to extend themselves to the limit in making appropriations for capital outlay for institutions of higher learning." Mr. Clarence Scheps, comptroller, University of Mississippi: "Facilities in the way of building space at the University of Mississippi have been stretched past the point of efficiency. Our entire educational program is restricted and hampered by lack of building space. The university has a plant capable of caring efficiently for not more than 1,400 students. This year the enrollment exceeded 2,800, of which 1,781 were veterans. The State of Mississippi has provided considerable sums for building purposes to assist in meeting this crisis. However, these funds have been far from adequate. "In the first place, most of what has been appropriated by the State has had to be expended for additional housing facilities for both student body and faculty. The University of Mississippi, being located in a very small town, has to provide housing for 95 percent of its student body and practically all of its faculty. This has meant that the funds the university has been able to obtain from the State could not be used for badly needed classroom and recreational facilities. At pres ent we are in the process of providing additional housing space for a thousand students, which will make our total enrollment about 3,800. However, the limitations of library, classroom, and recreational facilities will probably make impossible the attainment of this level of enrollment. "We are banking heavily on Senate bill 971 to provide assistance with which to meet this heavy demand. The temporary classroom buildings provided by the Federal Work Agency will partially relieve the crowded condition on the campus, but it will not do the job entirely and in the most efficient manner. We believe that Federal funds should be expended on permanent construction rather than on temporary facilities, which cost nearly as much and are not as satisfactory as the former. "The colleges and universities today have the greatest opportunity ever known to educate a large proportion of the youth of America. The Federal Government should assume its just share of the investment in education by providing funds to assist in building the educational facilities necessary to carry this program on." Senator AIKEN. The committee will recess until 10 o'clock tomorrow morning, at which time there are six witnesses to be heard. (Whereupon, at 1:00 p. m., the hearing was adjourned until 10 a. m. Tuesday, May 6, 1947.) GRANTS TO INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER LEARNING FOR CONSTRUCTION OF EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES REQUIRED IN THE EDUCATION OF WAR VETERANS TUESDAY, MAY 6, 1947 UNITED STATES SENATE, SUBCOMMITTEE ON EDUCATION OF THE COMMITTEE ON LABOR AND PUBLIC WELFARE, Washington, D. C. The subcommittee met, pursuant to adjournment, at 10 a. m., in room 357, Senate Office Building, Senator George D. Aiken presiding. Present: Senators Aiken (presiding), Donnell, and Ellender. We will continue with the hearings on S. 971 on which several witnesses testified yesterday. This morning, the first witness is Dr. Ordway Tead, representing Hon. William O'Dwyer, mayor of New York City, who found it impossible to get here this morning. Dr. Tead, will you tell us your official position? STATEMENT OF ORDWAY TEAD, APPEARING FOR HON. WILLIAM O'DWYER, MAYOR, NEW YORK CITY Dr. TEAD. Mr. Chairman, I am the chairman of the Board of Higher Education of New York City, which is the trustee body controlling the operation of four free municipal colleges which are run as a single city system. Those colleges are the College of the City of New York, Brooklyn College, Queens College, and Hunter College, and we have veteran students in all four of them. I am here on behalf of Mayor O'Dwyer, as you said, to support and favor this legislation. Our situation with respect to veterans, sir, is that we have today in our four colleges 63,000 students, men and women, and of those, 18,600 are veterans. Prior to the war, our highest enrollment ever was 48,000. We are working our plant from 8 in the morning until 11 at night, and every cranny and corner of our campuses is occupied to the full. We anticipate next year, next September, the enrollment of additional veteran students, two to three thousands of them, and the end is not yet; and how we are going to accommodate them is our great headache. Our financial situation is that our budget is entirely met out of the tax funds of the city of New York, and those tax funds have reached a straining, bursting point and we are in grave need of additional help in order to have sufficient plant to operate this whole great responsibility. Therefore, we favor this bill because we are fortunate in having already available well-conceived and completed plans in three of the colleges where most of the veterans are, for building projects which we could move on with within the limits, the time limits that your bill sets. That, briefly, sir, is the reason why we are in favor of this bill, believing it could give some relief to our overcrowded physical resources. Senator DONNELL. Doctor, this bill authorizes the use of funds for any institution of higher learning, does it not? Dr. TEAD. I believe so, sir. Senator DONNELL. Have you studied this specific bill, S. 971? Senator DONNELL. There is no doubt in your mind that it does authorize the use of such funds for any institution whether public or private? Dr. TEAD. So I read it. Senator DONNELL. Do you favor the use of public funds by way of gift to private schools? Dr. TEAD. I am afraid, sir, I am not authorized to voice an opinion on that since my own responsibilities are with public funds, public institutions, and public bodies, and therefore I do not venture to encroach upon that rather controversial area, unless you want a personal expression which I am perfectly willing to give. Senator DONNELL. I understood you to advocate the enactment of this bill, and this bill does authorize the use of public funds, as I understand it, for private institutions. Dr. TEAD. Yes, sir. Senator DONNELL. Both of religious nature and nonreligious nature; is that true, as you interpret that bill? Dr. TEAD. I am not clear about that, frankly, sir. Senator DONNELL. Well, I observe that it says when the United States Commissioner of Education finds that there exists or impends at any institution of higher learning an acute shortage of educational facilities, and so forth, the administrator is authorized to make grants to any such institution. That would seem, would it not, to include, first, public institutions, such as State universities or a school of mines under the operation of the State, and second, private institutions, whether of religious or nonreligious nature. Would you not so interpret the bill? Dr. TEAD. Yes, sir. Senator DONNELL. Now, have you come this morning, Doctor, prepared to commit yourself on all the questions involved in this bill or solely upon the question as to whether the Federal Government should make contributions to public institutions? Dr. TEAD. The latter only, sir. Senator DONNELL. So you are limiting your testimony this morning to the extent that you are advocating only that the Federal Government make grants of the nature provided in S. 971 to public institutions of learning? Dr. TEAD. That is correct, sir. Senator DONNELL. And you are not this morning advocating in your testimony, and do not desire to be understood as advocating, |