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For the other section, 311, it says that we shall make a report to the Congress at the beginning of each session.

And then section 4 (h) of this legislation authorizes us to set up rules and regulations which would be done in collaboration with the Office of Education and the schools of higher learning, and the various organizations that we deal with.

The bill specifically states in subsection (i) that institutions of higher learning are defined as universities, colleges, junior colleges, or normal schools which are either public institutions operating under the control or sponsorship of a public body, or where a private institution, no part of the earnings of which shall inure to the benefit of any private shareholder or individual.

Now, in general, we would not support Federal funds for private institutions for general public-works programs. However, if we are meeting the need that is caused by this load of veterans, and 40 percent of those veterans are in these private schools, I think it can be done very well. We have extended under the Lanham Act the assistance of Federal funds to private hospitals, non-profit private hospitals, in the operation of our war public works program. We feel that it has worked out very well, and from the standpoint of meeting this emergency, that is caused by the promise to the GI's for education, I think it is sound.

Now, I will be glad to answer any questions.

Senator SMITH. I am not quite clear in my mind yet how long you estimate this special GI load will last. It will not go on indefinitely. Do you figure there is going to be an expansion in demand for education all over the country and that it will finally disappear?

Mr. FIELD. That is right. The educators tell us that the peak of this veterans load will be in 1949-50.

Senator SMITH. That is what I understood.

Mr. FIELD. And that will continue on, as it came out from Dr. Adams' testimony, until about the middle 50's and beyond. Dr. Hollis, who I understand will testify here, has some real information on that better than I have.

Senator SMITH. There is one thing in this connection that I would like to ask you about. I have been connected with Princeton University and there I know they have doubled up on their dormitory facilities. They have taken two-room suites and made four-room suites; and one-room suites are now two-room suites and so on, to take care of the need. We have doubled our capacity. And then we have some temporary building to take care of the rest of them. I think they anticipate in a place like that that it will drop off and will recede; it will not go back to what it was before, but it will drop off when the GI loan is over. And whether you plan to put in permanent construction to take care of a load that will not exist after 10 years is a question I would like to have answered.

Mr. FIELD. The chart will show that even though the veteran load is up, that the other load will not drop to much less than 3,000,000 in higher institutions of learning. Princeton may decide they want to go to a fixed load and not go up, but then they are not public institutions. Dr. Morrill can tell you what the public schools are up against where they have an obligation to take care of all those who cannot go to other schools.

But we have found that practically all of these institutions that we have helped in the temporary program are planning to continue the high load rate straight past the veteran load.

Senator SMITH. They are contemplating the permanent Federal aid over and above just this demand for veterans' accommodation?

Mr. FIELD. This money that we are providing in this legislation, if it is enacted, will only provide for about 42,000,000 square feet. Now when those veterans who are now in school have gone the facilities will be held there and used by others.

Senator SMITH. Then it is a general boost to the whole higher educational facilities of the country?

Mr. FIELD. That is what it amounts to as I look at it. They have a need of about 140,000,000 square feet of space for permanent facilities right now at these schools. They will provide, with their own funds presently available or in sight, about 30,000,000 square feet of space. They are coming for legislation and requesting help for 42,000,000 square feet, and on that they are paying for half the cost.

For all the rest of it they are going to pay the entire cost. But this is a subsidy of Federal money to take care of them because this load has come on them all at once. If the load had not come on them all at once, in the long run they would have been able to take care of these requirements, I think; but they have this hump of veterans that came on them suddenly. This load is thrown on them at the same time they are getting the demand from recent high-school graduates.

I will give you as an instance the University of Vermont. We were completing a building up there. They will have 500 more students there going to enroll than last fall because of the temporary buildings we have put up there. They have already turned down requests for 4,000 students that want to come into that school and their total enrollment next year is only going to be 3,200, so the demand is terrific. Senator ELLENDER. But there will be 4,000 additional?

Mr. FIELD. 4,000 that have applied that they cannot take in.
Senator ELLENDER. Where from?

Mr. FIELD. All over the country.

Senator ELLENDER. Why do they want to go to Vermont, have you any idea? [Laughter.]

Mr. FIELD. I think you would find the same thing at Tulane and L. S. U. and a few others, too.

Senator AIKEN. Any further questions to ask Mr. Field? 、

If not, we will excuse you. I think you have given us a considerable enlightenment on this program.

The next witness will be Dr. Morrill, president of the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn.

STATEMENT OF DR. J. L. MORRILL, PRESIDENT, UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA, MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.

Senator AIKEN. Dr. Morrill was scheduled to testify after Dr. Hollis but Dr. Morrill has a 12 o'clock appointment and as long as Dr. Hollis has been given a half hour, we will ask Dr. Morrill to testify now so that he can keep his appointment, if that is agreeable to Dr. Hollis.

Dr. MORRILL. I too have filed a statement which I will only briefly summarize.

I speak to you gentlemen not only as a member of Dr. Adams' committee representing the land grant institutions of the country, but more particularly as the president of the second or third largest institution of higher education in America.

Our University of Minnesota problem is so serious and so great that I think that it is statistically significant that it is truly typical of the Nation's and that it affords a very clear-cut sample of the need which I assume this bill was drawn to meet.

I will not deal with national statistics, therefore, because others have them, because I would like to say two things I do not believe the public generally, and maybe many Members of Congress, fully understand, although I am sure the Members of this committee do because they are dealing with this college problem.

The first is that the allowances for tuition and other expenses made by the Veterans' Administration to the colleges and universities of the country do not by any means meet the actual cost even of instruction and operation, let alone anything for capital outlay, and that the ability in the States in this sudden influx to respond to this thing is pretty seriously limited.

The second thing, I think that the problem not generally understood, and some of the questions this morning bear upon it, is that there will be more veterans for the next 2 or 3 years, more people in college. Let me say that in Minnesota we work closely with the Veterans' Administration but we supplement that by an almost quarterly postcard canvass of all of the veterans to whom letters of entitlement have been given to discover actually what their intentions are, whether they are going to college and what they are going to study and so on. So I assume our veteran enrollment at Minnesota next fall-and we have not missed our guess yet except last fall when it ran incredibly over our estimate--we will assume we will have 500 to 1,000 net veteran population higher than we have this fall with practically the corresponding figure the following year.

Senator ELLENDER. Doctor, do you get this post card survey from your own State?

Senator AIKEN. Yes, that is an interesting question.

Dr. MORRILL. Based on letters of entitlement issued by the Veterans' Administration in the State.

Senator ELLENDER. Not for outside veterans?

Dr. MORRILL. No, I will explain that, too. I am going to go into Minnesota figures because they are really statistically significant for the Nation. The prewar peak of attendance at the University of Minnesota was 15,560. Last autumn we had 27,103 students altogether which was an increase of 74 percent over the prewar peak. In that number, veterans under Public Law 346 and Public Law 16 were 16,428, constituting 61 percent of our student body.

There were in addition 1,500 to 2,000 more veterans there whom we do not count in that figure who either upon their own judgment or by counseling from us are saving their veterans' benefit in order to enter the more expensive courses of law, medicine, dentistry, and that sort of thing. It pays them to carry their courses a year or two and then use the veterans' benefit in the more expensive type of course. Now, next fall our calculations show that we will have between 29,000 and 30,000 students on the University of Minnesota campus, and I think that is a conservative figure. As a matter of fact, I am

going home tomorrow to start making our interior budget and just based on our curves, we will start budgeting for 29,105.

A question has been asked about the persistence of these people, their staying in college. I can give a figure from our Institute of Technology, College of Engineering, and so on. In prewar times, 50 percent of the students entering the Institute of Technology had dropped out by the end of the sophomore year. They did not enter the junior year for one reason or another. Based on our experience so far, in the institute, in which 90 percent of the enrollment is veteran enrollment as contrasted for 61 percent for the whole university, the elimination rate at the end of the second year is just around 20 percent as against 50 percent.

Questions were asked also about the ages of these young veterans. The age range at the University of Minnesota runs from 19 to 42, with a medium range, the point of greatest occurrence, at 231⁄2.

I thought that might be of some interest to you.

Senator SMITH. Does that include graduate students as well as undergraduates?

Dr. MORRILL. Yes, it includes all veterans.

Now, it is evident to us, and I think it is typical, that the universities and colleges were just unready to meet this situation. were all making, very gladly, heroic efforts to carry this problem.

They

Actually, their effectiveness, I think, from an educational point of view, is impaired today and it is going to be steadily depreciated unless both from the States in the case of an institution like mine, which is a State. land-grant university, and the Federal Congress we get some help.

Now, on that point I may say that the Minnesota Legislature has just adjourned after having made an appropriation for the next biennium and they have done well, I think, by the university. They have increased our maintenance and operations appropriation 60 percent over anything ever given to the university before, and they have granted an appropriation of roughly $7,000,000 for buildings.

But our buildings and State needs are far from met. Let me illustrate. At the prewar peak of 15,000 students, we had 2,039,000 square feet of space for classrooms, laboratories, and libraries. That does not cover heating plants or anything of that kind; and let me say that my plea is all intended to include, and the University of Minnesota would utilize any Federal funds granted, if they should, for the purposes of this bill, strictly for classroom, laboratory, and library purposes. We would not go into any self-liquidating housing or anything of that kind.

Senator ELLENDER. Do you not think it would be a good idea to specify what you would use it for? Why should the Federal Government spend this money on stadiums and field houses and similar construction?

Dr. MORRILL. That would be clearly in order but I am not prepared to comment on the point Dr. Adams raised about comparative housing needs. I am merely saying that we would not use any of it that way. We will use it for teaching. That is what we will do.

Now, on the basis of the prewar peak I told you of, we had so many square feet and it figured out 131 square feet per student for instructional use.

Today, we have 75 square feet per student for the same purpose. When the Army negotiated with us for the very large training

program

Senator ELLENDER. You have added in the meantime over 1,000,000 square feet, is that about the idea? Am I right, taking a quick calculation there?

Dr. MORRILL. I do not believe so, but maybe my own calculation is wrong. This comes from my own buildings and grounds office and was handed me just before I left.

At any rate, during the Army negotiations they sought an optimum of 120 square feet for instructional purposes. Now, we have requested the Federal Government altogether for 214,000 square feet of these temporary nonhousing facilities and of that 180,000 was for instructional purposes, and they have guaranteed 75,000 square feet which will add roughly 3 square feet per student, bringing us up to 78 square feet per student for the present enrollment.

Now, in the face of all this, the regents of the university went to the legislature and asked for 1,325,000 square feet more for these limited three purposes and received 430,000. If you add the 430,000 to the 2,039,000 and the 75,000 of temporary facilities, we come out with 94 square feet per student on the basis of the present 27,085 square feet on the basis of the anticipated 30,000 enrollment next year.

Suppose that the present legislation would pass and the university was actually able to match the new appropriation by the legislature which is not by any means clear, depending on how our needs would be justified by contrast to others in the formula, and so on. But if it were, we would raise the square footage to 110 for the present enrollment or 99 for the anticipated enrollment next year.

Now, I said the Army asked us for a minimum of 120 for a curriculum that was highly rated and much less specialized and broad than the normal operations of the college. So I think that dramatizes our predicament reasonably well.

Now, understand too, gentlemen, that costs have risen and there is a great deal of anxiety about that and a great deal of anxiety about expenditure of public funds in an inflated market. That will be on our minds and it is certainly on the minds of the trustees and regents of the public institutions. We must not be accused of spending money in a foolish fashion.

I have estimates before me here on certain buildings that we had planned before the war. Roughly, the reestimates upon the same facilities are running 100 to 110 percent above them.

Senator ELLENDER. What item has made the greatest increase percentagewise in cost?

Dr. MORRILL. What item in cost? I cannot answer that, Senator, I am sorry. I am sure Mr. Field who testified earlier could give you a very good estimate on that and could be asked that question for you.

Now, if we had this Federal matching and there were some recession in prices, which there may be, the Federal matching actually would fully enable us to reach our original goal.

Now, despite the high prices and nobody I can find here is going to predict they are going back down to the 1940 or the 1939 levelthe veterans cannot wait; and of course that is recognized in this bill

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