Biofuels for Transport: Global Potential and Implications for Sustainable Energy and AgricultureEarthscan, 2012 - 481 pages The world is on the verge of an unprecedented increase in the production and use of biofuels for transport. The combination of rising oil prices, issues of security, climate instability and pollution, deepening poverty in rural and agricultural areas, and |
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Page vii
... standards for the international biofuel trade Conclusion PART IV KEY ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES 129 131 135 136 138 138 138 141 142 149 149 150 152 154 10 Energy Balances of Current and Future Biofuels 159 Introduction 159 Measuring energy ...
... standards for the international biofuel trade Conclusion PART IV KEY ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES 129 131 135 136 138 138 138 141 142 149 149 150 152 154 10 Energy Balances of Current and Future Biofuels 159 Introduction 159 Measuring energy ...
Page ix
... standards and certification Relevant standards and certification schemes 297 297 Implications of the World Trade Organization (WTO) Policy Framework for Biofuel Certification: International trade and equity Key observations on biofuel ...
... standards and certification Relevant standards and certification schemes 297 297 Implications of the World Trade Organization (WTO) Policy Framework for Biofuel Certification: International trade and equity Key observations on biofuel ...
Page x
... 7 Selected Standards and Certification Schemes Relevant to Biofuel Production and Trade 358 Glossary of Terms 362 Notes 371 References 407 Index 444 List of Figures , Tables and Boxes FIGURES 1.1 World x BIOFUELS FOR TRANSPORT.
... 7 Selected Standards and Certification Schemes Relevant to Biofuel Production and Trade 358 Glossary of Terms 362 Notes 371 References 407 Index 444 List of Figures , Tables and Boxes FIGURES 1.1 World x BIOFUELS FOR TRANSPORT.
Page xii
... Standards and specifications for biodiesel and ethanol in selected regions or countries 10.1 Definitions of energy balance and energy efficiency 10.2 Fossil energy balances of selected fuel types 11.1 Estimated change in life - cycle ...
... Standards and specifications for biodiesel and ethanol in selected regions or countries 10.1 Definitions of energy balance and energy efficiency 10.2 Fossil energy balances of selected fuel types 11.1 Estimated change in life - cycle ...
Page xxiii
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Contents
PART II NEW TECHNOLOGIES CROPS AND PROSPECTS | 43 |
PART III KEY ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL ISSUES | 99 |
PART IV KEY ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES | 157 |
PART V MARKET INTRODUCTION AND TECHNOLOGY STRATEGIES | 233 |
PART VI THE POLICY FRAMEWORK | 277 |
PART VII RECOMMENDATIONS | 309 |
PART VIII COUNTRY STUDIES | 327 |
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Biofuels for Transport: Global Potential and Implications for Sustainable ... Worldwatch Worldwatch Institute No preview available - 2016 |
Common terms and phrases
agricultural areas bagasse benefits biodiesel production bioenergy biofuel feedstock biofuel industry biofuel production biofuel trade Biofuels for Transportation Biofuels Report biomass-to-liquid biorefineries blends Brazil Brazilian carbon cellulosic biomass cellulosic ethanol cent Chapter chemical cit note co-products combustion conventional corn costs cultivation demand developing countries economic efficiency endnote energy crops engine environmental estimated Ethanol and Biofuels ethanol fuel ethanol production European export Faaij facilities farmers feedstock fertilizer forest fossil fuels fuel ethanol Fulton gasification gasoline GHG emissions global greenhouse gas harvesting hectare Ibid impacts important improve increase infrastructure inputs International jatropha Kaltner land Licht's World Ethanol liquid fuels million litres National next-generation organic palm oil pesticides petroleum fuels plant policies pollution potential rapeseed reduce regions Renewable Energy Research residues result rural São Paulo soil Source soybeans standards subsidies sugar cane supply sustainable switchgrass tonnes transport fuels vehicles waste Worldwatch Institute yields