quire fences or other means to prevent sand blowing over them into the channel. A moderate amount of dredging is needed annually. Work began in May, 1889, and was in progress at the close of the year. The Government dredge went to Frankfort in June and deepened the channel to 13 feet with a width of 25 feet. The expenditures for the fiscal year were $1,313.90. Contract was made for the construction of two additional cribs on the north pier, which will be put in this season, and extend the pier 100 feet. For the year ending June 30, 1891, it is recommended that provision be made to construct three of the remaining six cribs needed to complete the north pier as now projected. July 1, 1888, amount available........... Amount appropriated by act of August 11, 1888.. July 1, 1889, amount expended during fiscal year, exclusive of liabilities outstanding July 1, 1888. July 1, 1889, outstanding liabilities.. July 1, 1889, amount covered by existing contracts... July 1, 1889, balance available $3,319.93. 8,000.00 11, 319.93 $612.26 701.64 8,081.58 9, 395. 48 1,924. 45 20,500.00 Amount (estimated) required for completion of existing project... harbor acts of 1866 and 1867. (See Appendix K K 2.) 3. Harbor of refuge at Portage Lake, Michigan.-The natural outlet from Portage Lake to Lake Michigan was not navigable, and the artificial channel was made at a point a mile further south, where the intervening beach was narrower. The project authorized in 1879 was to make this a harbor of refuge with an entrance 300 feet in width and a depth of 18 feet. To June 30, 1888, there has been expended $81,719.07, but the insufficiency of the appropriation towards a work of such magnitude has left a great discrepancy between the results attained and those sought. The piers are but half built, the space between them has never been fully dredged, and from lapse of time and exposure the works are in a condition requiring partial rebuilding. The draught of water is insufficient for even the moderate requirements of the locality, and a channel depth of 9 feet is only maintained by frequent and considerable dredging. During the past year $2,240.88 was expended for this purpose, and contract has been made to spend $5,000 more during this season, holding the balance remaining for further dredging and urgent repairs in the spring of 1890. For the year ending June 30, 1891, it is considered that at least the north pier should be repaired and sand fences built at an expense of $6,500, and that the fourth part of a dredging plant of tug, dredge, and two scows, amounting to $6,500, with four months' work, costing $4,200, should be provided for. These items, with 20 per cent. for contingencies, will make the total amount required for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1891, $20,600. The reconstruction of the south pier is also needful, but its proper location will depend upon whether the present project is adhered to or modified, in which case the south pier could advantageously be moved to a position parallel with and nearer to the north pier. July 1, 1888, amount available.... Amount appropriated by act of August 11, 1888.... $780.93 10, 000, 00 10, 780.93 July 1, 1889, amount expended during fiscal year, exclusive of liabilities outstanding July 1, 1888. July 1, 1889, outstanding liabilities... $2,036.88 7,222.35 3,558.58 July 1, 1889, amount covered by existing contracts July 1, 1889, balance available...... Amount (estimated) required for completion of existing project.... (See Appendix K K 3.) 97, 360.00 20,600.00 4. Harbor of Manistee, Michigan.-Prior to the United States taking charge of the improvement a channel depth not exceeding 8 feet had been obtained by the construction of slab piers to confine the channel. The project of 1867, modified in 1870 and 1874, was designed to increase this depth to 12 feet. The expenditures to June 30, 1888, aggregated $230,786.51, and resulted in a channel with a nearly uniform depth of 14 feet and 15 feet between the piers, and an entrance width of 180 feet. Above the piers to the town of Manistee, about 14 miles, the depth is reduced to 113 to 12 feet. The piers are in fair condition, but the pile-revetment prolonging them shoreward is in need of rebuilding above the water. The expenditures for the past fiscal year were $1,050.94, including $500 as part payment for a survey steamer for the general service of the harbors in the East Lake Michigan district. Contract has been made for the construction of two additional cribs in the south pier which are well under way and will shortly be completed. With the remaining balance it is proposed to make repairs to the piers and dredge in the channel when needed. For the year ending June 30, 1891, an appropriation of $19,400 is recommended for repairing the north pile revetment, for one-fourth the cost of a dredging plant, and to do two months of dredging in the river channel. July 1, 1888, amount available.... Amount appropriated by act of August 11, 1888. July 1, 1889, amonnt expended during fiscal year, exclusive of liabilities outstanding July 1, 1888.. July 1, 1889, outstanding liabilities July 1, 1889, amount covered by existing contracts. $7,213.49 10,000.00 17, 213. 49 $795.94 255.00 9, 331.00 10, 381.94 6, 831.55 July 1, 1889, balance available Amount (estimated) required for completion of existing project. (See Appendix K K 4.) 72, 532.50 19,400.00 5. Ludington Harbor, Michigan.-The original entrance made by revetting with slabs the natural drain from the Pere Marquette Lake into Lake Michigan was narrow, with depth not exceeding 7 feet. The 1867 project was to increase the depth to 12 feet and the width to 200 feet. A later project in January, 1885, proposed to convert the entrance into a "harbor of refuge," by widening it to 400 feet and deepening the channel to 18 feet. Under the original project the amount expended to June 30, 1888, was $237,057.19. The north pier projects 700 feet and the south pier 1,000 feet into the lake; the width between them is 200 feet and the channel depth about 13 feet, needing occasional dredging to maintain it. The piers are in fair condition, needing redecking, refilling, and minor repairs. The revetments on both sides need considerable repairs, and particularly measures to prevent the passage of sand through them into the channel. During the past fiscal year the principal expenditure has been $4,434.38, $2,500 of which was for the part purchase of a survey steamer for general use in connection with the works on the east shore of Lake Michigan. Under the project of 1885, above referred to, title to the strip of sandbeach adjacent to the present south pier has been vested in the United States preparatory to the construction of the new south pier 200 feet further south, but the details of the project have provisionally been modified, so as to begin the construction of the new south pier opposite to the terminus of the present one and connect them by a wing-pier. Contract has been made for the construction of ten new cribs on the north pier and seven on the south pier, the work to continue during the present and ensuing seasons. The balance on hand is sufficient to construct the then remaining six cribs on the south pier, completing them both, as well as providing for the needful expenditures, for which reason no additional appropriation for the fiscal year 1890-'91 is asked. July 1, 1888, amount available Amount appropriated by act of August 11, 1888.. July 1, 1889, amount expended during fiscal year, exclusive of liabilities outstanding July 1, 1888 July 1, 1889, outstanding liabilities.... July 1, 1889, amount covered by existing contracts. July 1, 1889, balance available. (See Appendix K K 5.) $55,377.81 60,000.00 115, 377.81 $4, 146.38 60, 204.25 55, 173. 56 6. Pentwater Harbor, Michigan.-Prior to 1866 the outlet of Pentwater Lake into Lake Michigan had been improved at local expense by piers and revetments of slabs, the channel being about 75 feet in width and navigable to a depth of about 4 feet. The project of 1866 proposed to widen the entrance to 150 feet and a channel depth of 12 feet. The amount expended to June 30, 1888, was $212,605.22, and as constructed the north pier projects 650 feet and the south pier 550 feet, with revet ments 1,500 feet long on each side of the cut. The width between the piers is 150 feet and the depth ranges from 9 to 12 feet. The deficiency in the channel depth is owing to the constant accessions of sand from Lake Michigan into the mouth and through and over the piers and revetments, especially in the vicinity of the beach. The south pier and the outer 400 feet of the north pier are in good condition, but the remainder of the north pier and all the revetments are decayed and open to the movement of sand and water. The expenditures during the last fiscal year, $1,524.66, were mainly for material for repairs. Contract was made for dredging the channel 12 feet deep for a width of 48 feet, and the work is now in progress. Contract was also made for the construction of a crib at the end of the south pier, which, on July 1, was built to the thirteenth course. Its construction will still leave four cribs, or 200 feet, to be added to the south pier to complete the project, but there is open water in front of the entrance, and the condition of the channel and protective works is so unsatisfactory that it is considered imperative to sheet-pile and otherwise protect them against sand drift and filtration. The cost of this, with part payment for and service of a dredging plant, will be $20,800. July 1, 1888, amount available... Amount appropriated by act of August 11, 1888. July 1, 1889, amount expended during fiscal year, exclusive of liabilities outstanding July 1, 1888.. July 1, 1889, outstanding liabilities.. July 1, 1889, amount covered by existing contracts. July 1, 1889, balance available.... Amount (estimated) required for completion of existing project. (See Appendix K K 6.) 37, 000, 00 21,000. 00 7. White River Harbor, Michigan.-In its original condition White Lake discharged into Lake Michigan through a narrow and tortuous outlet three-fourths of a mile north of the present entrance. Prior to 1866 an attempt had been made by local interests to deepen the old outlet by the construction of slab-piers, and a depth of 5 feet was obtained. The project of 1866 called for the construction of a straight passage 200 feet wide with a channel depth of 12 feet, and located the new entrance to the southward, where the sand beach separating the two lakes was narrower and the water deep on both sides. The expenditures to October 30, 1888, amounted to $244,924.94. The north pier projects 450 feet in the lake with 1,050 feet of revetment on the banks of the cut, and the south pier 700 feet with 1,150 feet of revetment. The width between the piers is 200 feet, but owing to the absence of any useful current in the channel, and the constant accessions of sand from both lakes and from the shores through and over the permeable piers and revetments, constant dredging is required to keep it deep enough to serve the navigation interests. This spring, with the lake a foot below the normal level, but 7 feet could be carried in. The outer 350 feet of the south pier needs partial decking and refilling, but is in good condition. The inner portion of the south pier, as well as the entire north pier and all the revetments, consist of pile-work, through which, and the loose filling, water and sand pass into the channel. Considerable portions of the exposed timber work also need repair and partial rebuilding. During the past fiscal year extensive repairs were made to about 700 feet of the north pier, which was also partially refilled with edgings ballasted with stone, and contract was made for the delivery of additional material for repairs to the south pier and the north revetment. Contract was also made to dredge the channel 5 to 12 feet for the relief of navigation. The work began in April and continued to June, making a channel 48 feet wide and 12 feet deep. The expenditures for the year were $4,473.68. For the ensuing fiscal year measures should be taken to protect the channel from the intrusion of sand by sheet-piling and securing both piers and revetments with partial refilling, redecking, etc., which, with a sum sufficient for part payment for the services of a dredging plant, will cost about $25,500. To stop the encroachment of the shoal in the lake northward of the north pier, which is forcing its way across the entrance, two new cribs should be added, extending it 100 feet, but leaving it still three cribs, or 150 feet, short of its originally projected extension. The cost of the two cribs will be about $11,000, and with 10 per cent. added for contingencies, etc., the total estimate for the year ending June 30, 1891, is $42,000. July 1, 1888, amount available Amount appropriated by act of August 11, 1888... July 1, 1889, amount expended during fiscal year, exclusive of liabilities outstanding July 1, 1888 July 1, 1889, outstanding liabilities.. July 1, 1889, amount covered by existing contracts.......... July 1, 1889, balance available $2,575.06 10,000.00 12, 575.06 $4,291.68 8, 300. 14 4,274.92 Amount (estimated) required for completion of existing project.... .. . (See Appendix K K 7.) 65,225.00 42,000.00 8. Muskegon Harbor, Michigan -Prior to improvement by the United States, slab-piers and revetments had been built at the outlet of Muskegon Lake and River into Lake Michigan, with the result of securing 13 feet of water between them, but a bar with 7 feet on it existed in front of the entrance, which as constructed was only 175 feet in width. The project of 1866 took the work at this stage, and with subsequent modifications in 1869, 1873, 1881, and 1884 sought to provide a navigable channel of such depth as could be obtained by extending the piers to 17 feet in the lake, and to widen the entrance to 300 feet. The amount expended to June 30, 1888, was $232,635.82. The north pier projects into the lake 1,050 feet and has 1,450 feet of shore revetment. The south pier projects 800 feet with some 1,500 feet of revetment. The piers generally are in good condition, though the old portion of the south pier for about 350 feet from shore should be sheet-piled to make it tight. The shore revetments of slabs are in bad condition, and quite permeable to sand and water, and must be sheet-piled their entire length. The end of the north pier proper is about 190 feet from the south pier, but the outer detached 400 feet of north pier leaves an entrance width of 300 feet; 13 feet can be carried through the channel. During the past year the expenditures were $3,909.98, principally for materials to be used in repairs, and including $1,000 in part payment for a survey steamer for general use in the district. Contract was made for 5 of the remaining 8 cribs to be built on the south pier, and these are in course of construction. Repairs are also to be made to both piers and revetments adjacent to the shore-line. For the fiscal year ending June 30, 1891, the south pier should be completed by adding the remaining three cribs, costing $18,000. The |