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package, the shipper shall notify the Director, Center for Disease Control, 1600 Clifton Road NE., Atlanta, GA 30333 (telephone (404) 633-5313).

(e) Requirements; variations. The Administrator may approve variations from the requirements of this section if, upon review and evaluation, he finds that such variations provide protection at least equivalent to that provided by compliance with the requirements specified in this section and makes such findings a matter of official record.

[37 FR 12916, June 30, 1972]

Subparts D-I [Reserved]

Subpart J-Drinking Water Standards

SOURCE: 27 FR 2152, Mar. 6, 1962, unless otherwise noted.

§ 72.201 Definitions of terms.

As used in this subpart, the following terms shall have the meanings set out below:

(a) "Adequate protection by natural means" involves one or more of the following processes of nature that produces water consistently meeting the requirements of these Standards: Dilution, storage, sedimentation, sunlight, aeration, and the associated physical and biological processes which tend to accomplish natural purification in surface waters and, in the case of ground waters, the natural purification of water by infiltration through soil and percolation through underlying material and storage below the ground water table.

(b) "Adequate protection by treatment" means any one or any combination of the controlled processes of coagulation, sedimentation, absorption, filtration, disinfection, or other processes which produce a water consistently meeting the requirements of these Standards. This protection also includes processes which are appropriate to the source of supply; works which are of adequate capacity to meet maximum demands without creating health hazards, and which are located, designed, and constructed to eliminate or prevent pollution; and conscientious operation by well

trained and competent personnel whose qualifications are commensurate with the responsibilities of the position and acceptable to the reporting agency and the certifying authority.

(c) "Certifying Authority" means the Surgeon General of the United States Public Health Service or his duly authorized representatives. Reference to the certifying authority is applicable only for those water supplies to be certified for use on carriers subject to this part.

(d) "The coliform group" includes all organisms considered in the coliform group as set forth in Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, current edition, prepared and published jointly by the American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, and Water Pollution Control Federation.

(e) "Health hazards" mean any conditions, devices, or practices in the water supply system and its operation which create, or may create, a danger to the health and well-being of the water consumer. An example of a health hazard is a structural defect in the water supply system, whether of location, design, or construction, which may regularly or occasionally prevent satisfactory purification of the water supply or cause it to be polluted from extraneous sources.

(f) "Pollution", as used in these Standards, means the presence of any foreign substance (organic, inorganic, radiological, or biological) in water which tends to degrade its quality so as to constitute a hazard or impair the usefullness of the water.

(g) "Reporting agencies" means the respective official State health agencies or their designated representatives.

(h) "The standard sample" for the bacteriological test shall consist of:

(1) For the bacteriological fermentation tube test, five (5) standard portions of either:

(i) Ten milliliters (10 ml)

(ii) One hundred milliliters (100 ml) (2) For the membrane filter technique, not less than fifty milliliters (50 ml).

(i) "Water supply system" includes the works and auxiliaries for collection, treatment, storage, and distribu

90-164 O 78 - 39

tion of the water from the sources of supply to the free-flowing outlet of the ultimate consumer.

§ 72.202 Source and protection.

(a) The water supply should be obtained from the most desirable source which is feasible, and effort should be made to prevent or control pollution of the source. If the source is not adequately protected by natural means, the supply shall be adequately protected by treatment.

(b) Frequent sanitary surveys shall be made of the water supply system to locate and identify health hazards which might exist in the system. The manner and frequency of making these surveys, and the rate at which discovered health hazards are to be removed shall be in accordance with a program approved by the reporting agency and the certifying authority.

(c) Approval of water supplies shall be dependent in part upon:

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tions are acceptable to the reporting agency and the certifying authority;

(4) Adequate capacity to meet peak demands without development of low pressures or other health hazards; and

(5) Record of laboratory examinations showing consistent compliance with the water quality requirements of these Standards.

(d) For the purpose of application of these Standards, responsibility for the conditions in the water supply system shall be considered to be held by:

(1) The water purveyor from the source of supply to the connection to the customer's service piping; and

(2) The owner of the property served and the municipal, county, or other authority having legal jurisdiction from the point of connection to the customer's service piping to the freeflowing outlet of the ultimate consum

er.

§ 72.203 Bacteriological quality.

(a) Sampling. (1) Compliance with the bacteriological requirements of these Standards shall be based on examinations of samples collected at representative points throughout the distribution system. The frequency of sampling and the location of sampling points shall be established jointly by the reporting agency and the certifying authority after investigation by either agency, or both, of the source, method of treatment, and protection of the water concerned.

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tion of the water from the sources of supply to the free-flowing outlet of the ultimate consumer.

§ 72.202 Source and protection.

(a) The water supply should be obtained from the most desirable source which is feasible, and effort should be made to prevent or control pollution of the source. If the source is not adequately protected by natural means, the supply shall be adequately protected by treatment.

(b) Frequent sanitary surveys shall be made of the water supply system to locate and identify health hazards which might exist in the system. The manner and frequency of making these surveys, and the rate at which discovered health hazards are to be removed shall be in accordance with a program approved by the reporting agency and the certifying authority.

(c) Approval of water supplies shall be dependent in part upon:

(1) Enforcement of rules and regulations to prevent development of health hazards;

(2) Adequate protection of the water quality throughout all parts of the system, as demonstrated by frequent surveys;

(3) Proper operation of the water supply system under the responsible charge of personnel whose qualifica

tions are acceptable to the reporting agency and the certifying authority;

(4) Adequate capacity to meet peak demands without development of low pressures or other health hazards; and

(5) Record of laboratory examinations showing consistent compliance with the water quality requirements of these Standards.

(d) For the purpose of application of these Standards, responsibility for the conditions in the water supply system shall be considered to be held by:

(1) The water purveyor from the source of supply to the connection to the customer's service piping; and

(2) The owner of the property served and the municipal, county, or other authority having legal jurisdiction from the point of connection to the customer's service piping to the freeflowing outlet of the ultimate consum

er.

§ 72.203 Bacteriological quality.

(a) Sampling. (1) Compliance with the bacteriological requirements of these Standards shall be based on examinations of samples collected at representative points throughout the distribution system. The frequency of sampling and the location of sampling points shall be established jointly by the reporting agency and the certifying authority after investigation by either agency, or both, of the source, method of treatment, and protection of the water concerned.

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