South Africa: The Struggle for a New OrderThe unbanning of the African National Congress and the release of Nelson Mandela in February of 1990 cleared the way for negotiations toward a new, post-apartheid political order in South Africa. But three years later, the main parties have made little progress toward a compromise, while violence escalates in the townships. In this revealing study, Marina Ottaway examines the new conflicts emerging in South Africa, the factors influencing them, and the probable outcome. She shows that the black-on-white conflict that has made the country a pariah in the past has evolved into a much more complex state of affairs and explains that the transition is likely to take an unprecedented form. Beginning with a brief history of the events since Mandela's release, Ottaway provides a vivid account of the evolving conflict over apartheid. She discuses the complexity of conflict resolution in a country where internal and external currents work against each other, and where the struggle for power transcends any strides toward peace. Ottaway thoroughly addresses the issues involved in South Africa's transition from apartheid. She explains that the abolition of the pervasive system has more far-reaching implications than originally thought. South Africa explores the effects that the international climate of the 1990s has had on the county’s transition. Ottaway contends that the international community rejects apartheid but is unsympathetic to black demands for redistribution, and has condemned the white government’s vision of separate development but accepts ethnic nationalism as inevitable. She describes the dramatic effects the new world order has had on South Africa and assesses what those changes will mean to the country’s difficult transition. |
Contents
The Changing Conflict | 1 |
The First Two Years | 2 |
Conflict Resolution and Conflict Generation | 9 |
Negotiating in the Absence of Crisis | 12 |
Models of Transition | 14 |
The Study | 17 |
The Actors | 21 |
The Government Establishment | 23 |
The National Party and Local Government in the 1990s | 117 |
State Power and Peoples Power | 121 |
Negotiating the Postapartheid City | 125 |
Conclusions | 130 |
The Economic Arena | 132 |
The South African Economy | 133 |
The Future of the Economy | 134 |
The Congress of South African Trade Unions | 135 |
The Reformers at the Top | 24 |
The National Party | 29 |
The Bureaucracy | 30 |
The Security Apparatus | 32 |
The Afrikaner Broederhood and the Churches | 36 |
Conclusions | 40 |
The Liberation Establishment | 42 |
The African National Congress | 43 |
The Mass Democratic Movement | 55 |
The Antiapartheid Churches | 58 |
Conclusions | 61 |
The Second Tier | 63 |
The Rejectionist Parties | 76 |
The De Jure Participants | 81 |
Conclusions | 83 |
The Arenas of Struggle | 85 |
Toward a New Constitution | 89 |
The Constitutional Models | 90 |
The Politics of Constitution | 104 |
Conclusions | 112 |
The Local Arena | 114 |
Local Government in South Africa | 115 |
The African National Congress | 140 |
The Government and Economic Reform | 143 |
The Business Community | 147 |
The Transition | 153 |
The Failure of CODES A | 157 |
The Assets | 159 |
The Strategy | 163 |
The Climate Surrounding Negotiations | 173 |
Conclusions | 175 |
Beyond Constitutional Negotiations | 179 |
Integrating Groups Excluded from Negotiations | 180 |
Converting Political Organizations into Parties | 190 |
Tackling Noninstitutional Issues | 192 |
Conclusions | 195 |
Liberation and Reformism | 198 |
The Second Phase | 200 |
The International Context | 205 |
Direct Foreign Influences | 209 |
A Different Transition | 212 |
Notes | 215 |
241 | |
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Common terms and phrases
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