meline of Key Dates and Events in the West ile Virus Outbreak, 1999

Related

ealth Inspection Service notifies representatives of the horse industry that West Nile ng Island horses, provides informational materials.

about whether transcontinental airplanes are sprayed for mosquitoes.

rne Infectious Diseases and co-authors submit article for publication in Science, linking of West Nile virus from Israel. Later published in 12/17/99 issue, along with paper from <periment Station research group on its isolation of West Nile virus in Cooper's hawk

CDC, West Nile virus has been identified in a variety of birds, no human cases were sting stating that China has placed an import ban on U.S. horses.

s from USGS National Wildlife Health Center obtain a blood sample from a migrating er isolates West Nile virus from this sample, providing evidence that migratory birds

and Office of Emergency Management end the public hotline. Approximately 150,000 I since it began on 9/3/99.

ne Infectious Diseases reports that a dead crow infected with West Nile virus has been Md. (submitted by the Maryland Department of Health through the USGS National

SDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service of import restrictions on horses from d Connecticut.

ealth Inspection Service notified that Mexico will not accept live poultry from areas

y Department of Health and Human Services, CDC, and USDA held in Fort Collins, most agencies and individuals involved in outbreak response.

ote: Events involving crossover between animal and health outbreaks before convergence phase are presented in bold type.

West Nile Res
Summaries a

West Nile Viru

Veterinary/Anima

Response s and Plans

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Expecting the Unex
Lessons from the 1999 West Nile Encephalitis Outbreak. Atlanta,
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, July 2000.

---.

Epidemic/Epizootic West Nile Virus in the United States: Guic Surveillance, Prevention, and Control. Atlanta, Ga.: Centers for D Control and Prevention, March 2000.

New York State Department of Health. New York State West Nile Response Plan. Albany, N.Y.: New York State Department of Healt 2000.

Wildlife Conservation Society. Proceedings of the West Nile Virus
Workshop. New York, N.Y.: Wildlife Conservation Society, Jan. 19-

Virus

nimal Health

Anderson, J.F., T.G. Andreadis, C.R. Vossbrinck, and others. “Isola
West Nile Virus From Mosquitoes, Crows, and a Cooper's Hawk in
Connecticut." Science, Vol. 286, No. 5448 (Dec. 17, 1999), p. 2331.

Nolen, R.S. "Veterinarians Key to Discovering Outbreak of Exotic Encephalitis." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Associa http://www.avma.org/onlnews/javma/nov99/s111599a.asp (cited N

1999).

Steele, K.E., M.J. Linn, R.J. Schoepp, N. Komar, T.W. Geisbert, R.M
Manduca, P.P. Calle, B.L. Raphael, T.L Clippinger, T. Larsen, J. Smit
Lanciotti, N.A. Panella, and T.S. McNamara. “Pathology of Fatal W
Virus Infections in Native and Exotic Birds During the 1999 Outbre
New York City, New York." Veterinary Pathology, Vol. 37 (May 3, 20
208-24.

lic Health

Asnis, D., R. Conetta, A. Teixeira, and others. "The West Nile Virus
Outbreak of 1999 in New York: The Flushing Hospital Experience."
Infectious Diseases, Vol. 2000, No. 30 (Feb. 29, 2000), pp. 413-18.

pendix III

lated Publications

enters for Disease Control and Prevention. "Outbreak of West Nile-Like ral Encephalitis-New York, 1999." Morbidity and Mortality Weekly eport, Vol. 48, No. 38 (Oct. 1, 1999), pp. 845-49.

--. "Update: West Nile-like Viral Encephalitis-New York, 1999." Morbidity nd Mortality Weekly Report, Vol. 48, No. 39 (Oct. 8, 1999), pp. 890-92.

heng, G.S. "West Nile Virus: Physician Reports Will Be Crucial." Family ractice News, Vol. 30, No. 1 (Jan. 1, 2000), p. 12.

Exotic Diseases Close to Home." Editorial, The Lancet, Vol. 354, No. 9186
Oct. 9, 1999), p. 1221.

riese, T., J. Xi-Yu, C. Huang, L.J. Grady, and I.W. Lipkin. “Identification of a unjin/West Nile-like Flavivirus in Brains of Patients With New York ncephalitis" (Letter). The Lancet, Vol. 354, No. 9186 (Oct. 9, 1999), pp. 261-62.

nserink, M. “Groups Race to Sequence and Identify New York Virus.” cience, Vol. 286, No. 5438 (Oct. 8, 1999), p. 206.

---. “New York's Lethal Virus Comes From Middle East, DNA Suggests." cience, Vol. 286, No. 5444 (Nov. 19, 1999), p. 1450.

anciotti, R.S., J.T. Roehrig, V. Deubel, and others. "Origin of the West Nile irus Responsible for an Outbreak of Encephalitis in the Northeastern nited States." Science, Vol. 286, No. 5448 (Dec. 17, 1999), p. 2333.

hieh, W.J., J. Guarner, M. Layton, A. Fine, J. Miller, D. Nash, G.L. Campbell, T. Roehrig, D. J. Gubler, and S.R. Zaki. "The Role of Pathology in an vestigation of an Outbreak of West Nile Encephalitis in New York, 1999." 'merging Infectious Diseases, Vol. 6, No. 4 (May-June 2000), pp. 370-72.

mithburn, K.C., T.P. Hughes, A.W. Burke, and J.H. Paul. "A Neurotropic irus Isolated From the Blood of a Native of Uganda." American Journal of ropical Medicine and Hygiene, Vol. 20 (1940), p. 471.

sai, T.F., F. Popovici, G.L. Cernescu, and N.I. Nedelcu. "West Nile ncephalitis Epidemic in Southeastern Romania." The Lancet, Vol. 352 Sep. 5, 1998), pp. 767-71.

Reemergence

General

Bioterrorism an Public Health

West Nile Specific

General

m and

Ith

"West Nile Virus Similar to Israel '98 Virus." Family Practice News, No. 1 (Jan. 1, 2000), p. 12.

Holloway, M. "Outbreak Not Contained." Scientific American, Vol. 2 (April 2000), pp. 20-22.

Moran, M. "West Nile Outbreak Sends Wake-up Call for Surveillance
American Medical News, Vol. 43, No. 3 (Jan. 24, 2000), p. 1.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Preventing Emerging
Infectious Diseases: A Strategy for the 21st Century. Atlanta, Ga.: U.
Department of Health and Human Services, 1998.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Inf
Diseases, Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases. Guidelines
Arbovirus Surveillance Programs in the United States. Atlanta, Ga.:
for Disease Control and Prevention, April 1993.

Public Health Service. Addressing Emerging Infectious Disease Thr
Prevention Strategy for the United States. Atlanta, Ga.: U.S. Depart
Health and Human Services, 1994.

ecific

Schoch-Spana, M. “A West Nile Virus Post-Mortem." Biodefense Qua Vol. 1, No. 3, www.hopkins-biodefense.org/pages/news/quarter1_3.h (cited Dec. 1999).

Advisory Panel to Assess Domestic Response Capabilities for Terro Involving Weapons of Mass Destruction. "Excerpts, First Annual Re the President and the Congress." ww.rand.org/organization/nsrd/ter terror.pdf (cited Dec. 15, 1999).

Related Publications

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. “Biological and Chemical errorism: Strategic Plan for Preparedness and Response:

Recommendations of the CDC Strategic Planning Workgroup." Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Vol. 49, No. RR-4 (April 21, 2000).

Ember, L. “News Focus/Bioterrorism: Combating the Threat." Chemical and Engineering News, Vol. 77, No. 27 (July 5, 1999), pp. 8-17.

nstitute of Medicine. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian and Medical Response. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1999.

asker Charitable Trust. "Bioterrorism/Domestic Preparedness Suffers
'rom Neglect of Public Health Infrastructure." www.laskerfoundation.org/
undingfirst (cited Sept. 16, 1999).

McDade, J.E. "Addressing the Potential Threat of Bioterrorism-Value
Added to an Improved Public Health Infrastructure." Emerging Infectious
Diseases, Vol. 5, No. 4, (July-Aug. 2000), pp. 591-92.

National Intelligence Council. "The Global Infectious Disease Threat and s Implications for the United States." National Intelligence Estimate 997D (Jan. 2000).

lovick, L. (ed.). Journal of Public Health and Management Practice (July 000).

Control