IPLV-Integrated Part Load Value. Kh-Daylighting Factor. KVA-Kilo-Volts Amperes. kW-Kilo-Watts. LPB-Lighting Power Budget. its. LS-Listed Space. NWMA-National Woodwork Manufac turers Association. o.c.-On Center. OLA-Occupant Load Adjustment. Pb-Base Unit Lighting Power Allow ance. PAF-Power Adjustment Factor. PTAC-Packaged Terminal Air-Conditioner. R-Thermal Resistance. r-Thermal Resistivity. Sea-Shading Horizontal Adjustment Factor. SC-Shading Coefficient. SEER Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio. U.-Average Thermal Transmittance. UL-Underwriter's Laboratories, Inc. ULPA-Unit Lighting Power Allow ance. UPD-Unit Power Density. VCP-Visual Comfort Probability. VDT-Visual Display Terminal. VLT-Visible Light Transmittance. VSEW-Vertical Surface of the Facade. W.C.-Water Column. W-Watts. W/ft 2 Watts Per Square Foot. WWR-Window Wall Ratio. WYEC-Weather Year for Energy Conservation Calculations. $435.100 Explanation of numbering system for standards. (a) For purposes of this subpart, a derivative of two different numbering systems will be used. (1) For the purpose of designating a section, the system employed in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) will be employed. The number "435," which signifies Part 435, Chapter II of Title 10, Code of Federal Regulations, is used as a prefix for all section headings. The suffix is a two or three digit number beginning with ".97." For example, the lighting section of the standards is numbered § 435.103. (2) Within each section, a numbering system common to many national voluntary consensus standards is used. This system was chosen because of its commonality among the buildings industry. A decimal system is used to denote sections and subsections. For example, §9.4.2 refers to section 9, subsection 4, paragraph 2. (b) The hybrid numbering system is used for two purposes: (1) The use of the Code of Federal Regulation's numbering system allows the researcher using the CFR easy access to the standards. (2) The use of the second system allows the builder, designer, architect or engineer easy access because they are used to the system employed. (c) To avoid confusion in the use of the two systems, §435.101 through § 435.112, the substantive technical sections of the standards, have been numbered so that the last two digits in the suffix designate the section. For example, once the reader enters the body of § 435.105: Building Envelope, the number "5" is used to designate the section. References throughout the standard do not employ the "435" prefix but rather refer to the section by the single or double digit numbers from 1-12. § 435.101 Implementation_and_compliance procedures for Federal agencies. Alternative methods of achieving compliance are illustrated in Figure 1.1-1. 1.1 Compliance 1.1.1 The head of each Federal agency responsible for the construction of Federal buildings shall adopt such procedures as may be necessary to assure that the design of the building shall: 1.1.1.1 be undertaken in a manner that provides for appropriate consideration of the Principles of Effective Energy Building Design prescribed in §§ 2.0, 3.2, 4.2, 5.2, 6.2, 7.2, 8.2, 9.2 and 10.2; 1.1.1.2 comply with the minimum requirements of §§3.3, 4.3, 5.3, 6.3, 7.3, 8.3, 9.3 and 10.3; and 1.1.1.3 meet or exceed, based upon the analysis of life-cycle cost-effectiveness required by §1.1.2 below, the following additional requirements: 1.1.1.3.1 the lighting design shall meet either the prescriptive requirements of §3.4 or the system performance requirements of §3.5, 1.1.1.3.2 the building envelope design shall meet either the prescriptive requirements of section 5.4 or the system performance requirements of section 5.5, and 1.1.1.3.3 the heating, ventilating and air conditioning systems design shall meet the prescriptive requirements of section 7.4, and 1.1.1.3.4 the service water heating systems design shall meet the prescriptive requirements of section 9.4. 1.1.2 In lieu of meeting the provisions of section 1.1.1 above, the building design shall meet the criteria of the building energy method of section 11.0 or 12.0, Building Energy Compliance Alternatives I and II. 1.1.3 The head of each Federal agency responsible for the construction of Federal buildings shall also assure that the decision-making process for the design of the building shall employ the methodology for estimating and comparing the life-cycle cost of Federal buildings and for determining life-cycle cost-effectiveness prescribed in subpart A of 10 C.F.R. part 436. 1.2 General Approach to Compliance 1.2.1 The standards, in addition to minimum requirements, establish three alternate methods to determine whether the design has achieved compliance. 1.2.2 There are several alternative methods of achieving compliance provided for in the standards: 1.2.2.1 Prescriptive (Sections 3.4, 5.4, 7.4 and 9.4), 1.2.2.2 System Performance (Sections 3.5 and 5.5), or 1.2.2.3 Building Energy (Section 11.0 or 12.0). 1.2.2.4 The criteria established for each of the methods allow for designs that are roughly equivalent in terms of energy conservation. The equivalency of the methods can be demonstrated by designing a building using the Prescriptive approach, then modeling the building using either the System Performance or Building Energy criteria calculation procedures and comparing results. 1.2.3 Compliance with these standards shall be demonstrated by meeting the set of minimum requirements defined in Sections 3.2, 3.3, 4.2, 4.3, 5.2, 5.3, 6.2, 6.3, 7.2, 7.3, 8.2, 8.3, 9.2, 9.3, 10.2, and 10.3 and one of the alternative methods. 1.3 How To Select a Compliance Method 1.3.1 Use the Prescriptive method when the minimum amount of calculation and effort to achieve compliance is of primary concern. Its requirements can be readily specified in construction documents and are easily reviewed by building code enforcement authorities. The Prescriptive method permits few trade-offs or optimization procedures, but does permit several energy-effective and cost-effective alternate construction options to be used. See Figure 1.1-2. 1.3.2 Use the System Performance method when more innovative design is required, or when the Prescriptive method does not provide the necessary design flexibility. It requires more manual calculations than the Prescriptive method. See Figure 1.1-2 1.3.3 Use either of the Building Energy methods (Sections 11.0 or 12.0) when the most innovative design concepts are being considered. The Building Energy methods allow the trade-off of energy among the building systems as long as the total calculated design annual energy consumption does not exceed the limit prescribed. It will, in general, require the use of a computer |