comment, as the connection was undoubtedly evident, not merely to Mr. Root, Secretary of War, but to Mr. Hay, Secretary of State. The United States desires the independence of Cuba; it also desires the independence of the republics in the Caribbean and to the north of the canal. It wishes a government in Cuba adequate to maintain its independence and to guarantee life, liberty and the protection of property. It also wishes such a government in the republics in the Caribbean and to the north of the canal, not merely because it is interested in the independence of these republics, and in constitutional government generally, but also because the islands are within a stone's throw, as it were, of our territory, and because the countries to the north of the canal must be independent and orderly governments, if the canal is to be useful not merely to the United States and to them, but to the world at large. The value to each of the republics of a stable and orderly government is no less important to them than it is to the United States, and there seems to be every reason in favor of a closer relationship, which shall guarantee law and order in each of them without jeopardizing independence. The obligation to maintain a stable government, to keep its public debt within the limits of the ordinary revenues, the duty to protect life, liberty and property do not seem to be too great a price for the guarantee of independence. This is exactly what each government wishes without such a guarantee, and the supervision necessary to secure these just and beneficent ends, does not derogate from independence and the exercise of sovereignty within the limits of international responsibility, as is shown by the experience of Cuba. That the right of intervention, "not synonymous with intermeddling or interference," reserved in the Platt Amendment, as interpreted officially by Mr. Root, will not be dangerous to the independence and development of the countries, is shown by the intervention of the United States in Cuba in 1906 and the withdrawal of the United States in 1909 upon the cessation of the disorders which caused the intervention. It is believed, therefore, that the essential features of the Platt Amendment, due to the wisdom and foresight of Mr. Root, can properly form the basis of a policy of the United States toward the republics in the Caribbean Sea and to the north of the Canal Zone, as its sole purpose is to maintain independence and constitutional government, and that the republics can, in exchange for the guarantee of independence, properly accept the principles of the amendment, meant solely to maintain their independence against the world and their well-being at home. CHRONICLE OF INTERNATIONAL EVENTS WITH REFERENCES Abbreviations: Ann. sc. pol., Annales des sciences politiques, Paris; Vie Int., La Vie Internationale, Brussels; Arch. dipl., Archives Diplomatiques, Paris; B., boletin, bulletin, bolletino; P. A. U., bulletin of the Pan-American Union, Washington; Clunet, J. de Dr. Int. Privé, Paris; Doc. dipl., France, Documents diplomatiques; B. Rel. Ext., Boletin de Relaciones Exteriores; Dr., droit, diritto, derecho; D. O., Diario Oficial; For. rel., Foreign Relations of the United States; Ga., gazette, gaceta, gazzetta; Cd., Great Britain, Parliamentary Papers; Int., international, internacional, internazionale; J., journal; J. O., Journal Officiel, Paris; L'Int. Sc., L'Internationalism Scientifique, The Hague; Mém. dipl., Memorial diplomatique, Paris; Monit., Moniteur belge, Brussels; Martens, Nouveau recueil générale de traités, Leipzig; Q. dip., Questions diplomatiques et coloniales; R., review, revista, revue, rivista; Reichs G., Reichs-Gesetzblatt, Berlin; Staats., Staatsblad, Netherlands; State Papers, British and Foreign State Papers, London; Stat. at L., United States Statutes at Large; Times, The Times (London). January, 1914. 24 HONDURAS-UNITED STATES. Honduras ratified the treaty signed November 3, 1913, providing for the settlement of any differences which might arise between the two governments according to the "peace plan" of the Secretary of State of the United States. Spanish text: B. Rel. Ext. (Chile), 4:55. 29 HONDURAS-ITALY. Honduras ratified the general arbitration treaty signed Dec. 8, 1913. Spanish text: B. Rel. Ext. (Chile), 4:55. March, 1914. 26 CHILE-ITALY. Exchange of ratifications of general arbitration treaty signed Aug. 8, 1912. Italian text: R. di dir. int. 3 (2 ser.): 256; Spanish text: B. rel. ext. (Chile), 4:28. April, 1914. 15 INTERNATIONAL SANITARY CONFERENCE. This conference met at Montevideo to consider the revision of the convention signed at Rio de Janeiro June 12, 1904. Argentine Republic, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay sent delegates. B. rel. ext. (Chile), 4:39. April, 1914. 16 SUGAR CONVENTION. Signed by Belgium, France, Netherlands, Russia, Germany, Greece, Italy and Portugal. French text of convention: Mém. dipl., 52:282. 22 BELGIUM-COLOMBIA. Exchange of ratifications of the extradition convention signed Aug. 21, 1912. French text: Mém. dipl., 52:280. May, 1914. 2 GERMANY-TURKEY. By an exchange of notes the commercial convention which expired June 15, 1914, has been continued. Mém. dipl., 52:242. 29 FRANCE ITALY. Accord signed relating to Italians in Tunis and Tunisiens in Italy. French text: Mém. dipl., 52:281. June, 1914. 8 PERU-VENEZUELA. Peru ratified the arbitration convention signed January 25, 1912. Spanish and English texts: B. rel. ext. (Venezuela), 4 (2): 1066, 1126. 16-July 30. SPITZBERGEN. The conference in relation to Spitzbergen convened at Christiania, Norway, June 16th, in response to a call from the Norwegian Government. Germany, France, United States, Denmark, Great Britain, Norway, Netherlands, Russia and Sweden were represented. The archipelago of Spitzbergen is no-mans-land, or terra nullius, and the nations interested in questions relating to the islands have declared their intention to preserve this status. It was the purpose of the conference to frame a neutral administration over the islands which should not be subject to the exclusive control of any one nation. The United States participated in the conference solely on account of the economic interests of American citizens there. The conference failed to complete its labors and adjourned July 30th, to meet at a future date. 21 ITALY SAN MARINO. Ratifications exchanged of the treaty of friendship signed Feb. 10, 1914. Italian text: R. di dir. int., 3 (2 ser.):261. 26 THIRD HAGUE CONFERENCE. The Netherland Government invited the Powers to name each one member of a preparatory committee to meet in 1915 to consider the questions to be brought before the Third Hague Conference. June, 1914. 28 EUROPEAN WAR. Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria, assassinated, with his wife, at Serajevo. July, 1914. 7 ITALY-PERU. Accord signed relating to consular affairs. Italian text: R. di dir. int., 3 (2 ser.):260. 10 MEXICO. General Huerta appointed Chief Justice Francisco Carbajal, Minister for Foreign Affairs. On July 16th General Huerta tendered his resignation to the Chamber of Deputies, which promptly accepted it. Dr. Carbajal took the oath of office as provisional president. All attempts of the provisional government to make terms with General Carranza failed, the latter insisting on the unconditional surrender of the government. On Aug. 13th Dr. Carbajal transferred the executive power to the Federal Governor of the District, Gen. Iturbide, who at once transferred it to Gen. Obregon of the Constitutionalist army. General Carranza entered Mexico City and took the oath of office on Aug. 20th. The $60,000,000 of gold bonds on notes issued by General Huerta have been repudiated and the old stamp taxes, which were doubled, have been restored. Señor Isidro Fabela has been appointed Minister for Foreign Affairs. General Villa took no part in the entry of General Carranza into Mexico City and remains in the north. No disorders are reported in Mexico City. The United States troops are to be withdrawn Independent, July, August. from Vera Cruz. 10 GREECE-TURKEY. The two governments have requested Switzerland to designate an arbitrator to settle the differences existing among the members of the mixed Greco-Turkish commission sitting in Smyrna for the purpose of arranging the immigration questions. The commission was appointed to exchange the property of Turkish and Greek refugees, and make valuation of the properties concerned. N. Y. Times, July 12, 1914. 13 ITALY SPAIN. Ratifications exchanged of the treaty of commerce and navigation signed March 31, 1914. French text: R. di dir. int., 3 (ser. 2):258. 14 PERU-UNITED STATES. Treaty signed following the peace plan of the Secretary of State of the United States. This Journal, July, 1914. 14 CHILE-UNITED STATES. Treaty signed following the peace plan of the Secretary of State of the United States. This Journal, 7:863. 15 UNITED STATES URUGUAY. Treaty signed following the peace plan of the Secretary of State of the United States. This Journal, 7:863. 23 EUROPEAN WAR. Presentation of Austro-Hungarian note to Servia which was given 48 hours in which to reply. Suppression of the Pan-Slav propaganda and satisfaction for the murder plot was demanded. World's Work, September, p. 136. 24 EUROPEAN WAR. Russian cabinet council held. The AustroHungarian demands on Servia were considered as an indirect challenge to Russia. World's Work, September, p. 136. 25 EUROPEAN WAR. Servian answer stated by Austria to be unsatisfactory. The Austrian Minister and staff left Belgrade. World's Work, September, p. 136. 27 EUROPEAN WAR. Sir Edward Grey announced in the House of Commons his proposals for a conference of France, Germany, Italy and Great Britain. The proposals were accepted by France and Italy. Times, July 28, 1914. 28 EUROPEAN WAR. Austria declared war against Servia and Servian vessels were seized in the Danube. Text of declaration: N. Y. Times, July 29, 1914. 29 EUROPEAN WAR. Austrians occupy Belgrade. N. Y. Times, July 30, 1914. 30 EUROPEAN WAR. Partial mobilization of the Russian army. Germany demands that Russia stop the mobilization. R. of R. (N. Y.), 50:290. 31 EUROPEAN WAR. General mobilization ordered in Russia. State of war declared by Germany. R. of R. (N. Y.), 50:291. Holland, Belgium and Switzerland order general mobilization to protect their neutrality. R. of R. (N. Y.), 50:290. August, 1914. 1 EUROPEAN WAR. Germany declared war on Russia, after German mobilization had been ordered. France ordered mobilization. Italy, Sweden and Norway announced their neutrality. N. Y. Times, Aug. 3, 1914. |