Army Intelligence and Electronic Warfare (IEW) Modernization Plan

The Army IEW Modernization Plan serves as the foundation of the Army's effort to develop and field smaller but increasingly robust intelligence, electronic warfare (EW), and reconnaissance, surveillance, and target acquisition (IEW/RSTA) systems. These systems will be critical for the versatility and lethality of our smaller, predominately CONUS-based force. Based on AirLand Battle doctrine, the plan delivers an IEW/RSTA capability that satisfies the commander's diverse intelligence requirements for close, deep, and rear operations across the operational continuum. IEW systems support armored, light, and special operations forces from separate maneuver battalion through echelon above corps. These systems

must provide the commander with a comprehensive picture of the entire battlefield while locating specific highvalue targets within the accuracies required of our most sophisticated weapon systems. The plan focuses on common, modular, technologically advanced, multimission IEW/RSTA equipment based on an open-systems architecture. We also are pursuing joint programs in this area, including the Joint Surveillance and Target Attack Radar System with the Air Force.

Army Command and Control Modernization Plan (C2 Mod Plan)

Effective command and control is essential to optimize the combat power of units, weapon systems, and support systems. The C2 Mod Plan charts the course for C2 modernization for the Total Army through the year 2006. It describes how the Army's command and control hardware, software, doctrine, and training will be modernized. The plan covers C2 from the small unit through the corps and provides for interfaces with joint, combined, and strategic C2 systems.

While funding and force structure are constrained in the plan, it does provide commanders with the tools and technology to improve the command and control of their forces. The plan provides guidance to users on the Army's modernization approach, systems, and fielding schedules. The intent is to harmonize the many systems that form the Army Tactical Command and Control System. The initial C2 Mod Plan will be approved for implementation beginning in FY92.

Air Defense Modernization Plan

The Air Defense Modernization Plan is a disciplined approach to providing air defense support to Army forces. The current version of the plan fields the Forward Area Air Defense System to protect armored forces and gives light forces a substantially improved capability to deploy with increased firepower. It supports AirLand Battle by protecting corps and echelons-above-corps assets with organic air defense organizations. The plan provides an increased anti-tactical missile capability for contingency forces. Technology is focused to provide block improvements to weapon systems; improved identification capabilities; and command, control, and intelligence integrated with joint forces and allies across the battlefield.

Fire Support Modernization Plan

Effective fire support will remain a prerequisite for success in combat wherever Army forces are deployed. The Fire Support Modernization Plan represents a fiscally constrained, near- and long-term plan to improve warfighting capability for close support, counterfire, and

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countermobility, and survivability-freeing the force to maneuver at will while simultaneously reducing the enemy's ability to maneuver. Engineer mobility and countermobility capabilities must be balanced to provide maximum effectiveness. Currently, the Army's countermine capability is inadequate. Efforts to address this shortfall have been ongoing since the early 1980s and have resulted in some successes. Assessments of Operation Desert Storm requirements indicate that the mobility enhancement capability of the Army's detection and breaching assets needs improvement. The Engineer/Mine Warfare Modernization Plan identifies critically needed capabilities required to defeat the full spectrum of mine threats. The Combat Mobility Vehicle, a component of ASM, will provide a significant boost to our breaching capability, and the Standoff Minefield Detection program will fill the critical mission of locating mines at a standoff distance.

Efforts also are ongoing to improve the Army's countermobility capabilities. The development of scatterable mines is the highest priority among our countermobility projects. The Family of Scatterable Mines includes the multiple-delivery mine system (Volcano), which we will begin fielding in FY91, and the Wide Area Mine, currently in full-scale development.

Finally, the M9 Armored Combat Earthmover (ACE) is providing front-line earthmoving (mobility, countermobility, and survivability) support to combat forces. Its mobility and increased protection, coupled with its ability to rapidly construct fighting positions and obstacles, make it an important asset to the field commander. For these reasons, the M9 ACE has been fielded to Army units in Saudi Arabia.

Tactical Wheeled Vehicle Modernization Plan (TWVMP)

Tactical wheeled vehicles are vital for sustaining the operations of U.S. forces, particularly when operating in austere environments with limited infrastructure. The 1989 TWVMP is a road map for the continuous modernization of the Army's TWV fleets through the year 2020. It encompasses procurement, distribution, retention, and retirement policies designed to ensure that the fleets will meet operational requirements while reducing peacetime costs.

The plan streamlines Army truck programs by reducing vehicle types through a family concept. The reduction of the light fleet to a single vehicle type is under study. The Family of Medium Tactical Vehicles (FMTV) program currently is in the selection process to determine a contractor to produce the vehicles. FMTV will demonstrate the advantages of commonality inherent in the family concept. However, because of the large quantities of

trucks to be procured and the age of the current fleet, a service life extension program will be required to upgrade the current medium fleet. The program will permit the Army to reduce operation and support costs while extending the life of current assets until they can be replaced by the FMTV.

The award of the Palletized Load System contract, in September 1990, is the first step in establishing the Family of Heavy Tactical Vehicles (FHTV). Significant commonality between the FHTV and current vehicles is assured, since the current 10-ton Heavy Expanded Mobility Tactical Truck and the new Heavy Equipment Transporter are produced by the same manufacturer.

The aggressive vehicle retirement program of the TWVMP reduces total fleet inventory by eliminating trucks that are excess or are too costly to maintain. Vehicles identified for retirement are first offered to Foreign Military Sales and then to the Defense Reutilization Marketing Service for disposal. The program is proving to be a major success, with over 22,000 vehicles retired through the end of FY90.

Material-Handling Equipment Modernization Plan (MHEMP)

Material-handling equipment is a critical element or the Army's warfighting support and sustainment structure. The MHEMP will guide the management of tactical material-handling equipment, focusing on the improvement of the fleet through the year 2020. It considers the on-board material-handling equipment of the Army's newest tactical trucks and the Palletized Loading System and focuses on improving the versatility and deployability of material-handling support on the battlefield -- support that takes on increased significance in austere theaters.

The centerpiece of the MHEMP is the fielding of the All-Terrain Lifter, Articulated System (ATLAS) to replace current rough terrain forklifts. ATLAS is a selfdeploying vehicle capable of 40-miles-per-hour road speed, thus reducing the normal deployment equipment, such as trucks and lowboy trailers, required to displace or convoy forklifts to a new support location on the battlefield.

Army Integrated Ammunition
Modernization Plan

The Army Integrated Ammunition Modernization Plan, which reflects FY89 congressional guidance, was submitted to Congress in January 1990 and covers the 15year period from FY92 through FY06. It is a summary of the plans, procedures, strategies, and rationale being used to translate the Army's conventional ammunition needs into a viable, affordable, and responsive program. The plan also considers the conventional ammunition programs of the Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force, and other

agencies in the assessment of the ammunition productionbase workload.

As an annex to the plan, an Ammunition Production Base Study will provide the strategy for downsizing and consolidating the current ammunition production base to eliminate inefficiencies. The Army plans to retain a smaller active ammunition production base that will focus on propellants, explosives, and hazardous loading operations, while placing more reliance on the commercial sector for nonexplosive ammunition components.

The Army's ammunition procurement program supports fielding of modernized weapon systems and ammunition, supports training, builds war reserves stocks, and maintains the production and mobilization base. As in FY91, the FY92 program will make limited progress in building war reserves stocks but will not fully support training requirements. The impact of Operation Desert Storm is not known as of the writing of this statement.

Army Medical Modernization

The modernization of Army health facilities is continuing with a program that replaces or renovates aging hospitals and health and dental clinics. The Army's Medical Department provides health care from facilities that are, on average, older than those of our sister services and the civilian sector. A few new facilities have been completed in the last 10 years; however, congressional support is required to fund the upgrade of Army health facilities to a state of modernization commensurate with their civilian counterparts.

Science and technology base research conducted by the Army serves as the basis for many elements of medical modernization. Such research identifies and addresses hazards to soldier health and safety in a variety of military scenarios and environments. Medical research and development efforts support a number of Army modernization plans as well as the Army Technology Base Master Plan.

The Army's long-range medical force structure strategy, Medical Force 2000 (MF2K), is based on Army Medical Department doctrine for support of AirLand Battle and focuses on conserving the human dimension of the commander's combat power. MF2K tenets emphasize health maintenance, standard modular hospital designs, enhanced medical training initiatives, far-forward resuscitative care, streamlined organizations within medical functional areas, and exploitation of high technology. It incorporates various ongoing initiatives, such as equipping the current hospital force with Deployable Medical Systems (DEPMEDS) and the Theater Army Medical Management Information System, which is designed to provide timely and accurate medical information to manage the medical force in the future.

The DEPMEDS fielding program has been accelerated based on proven enhancements to the deployed medical support system. The DEPMEDS standardize the use of the latest medical technology and equipment, expendable supplies, and major nonmedical support equipment. Standard medical modules improve medical unit mobility and flexibility to support changing mission requirements. The hospitals can be deployed under all climatic conditions.

Theater Army Medical Modernization Information Systems use the standard Army computer system and have greatly improved the management of medical evacuation and logistics functions in coordination with other services. The value of the systems to the Army in Operation Desert Storm was evident in their ability to be deployed rapidly to respond to a dynamic environment and to perform a variety of essential automated medical requirements.

Other medical modernization programs also have contributed to the versatility and lethality of the forces deployed for Operation Desert Storm. Acceleration of the Army's vaccination program and command emphasis on chemical casualty treatment and decontamination training have greatly improved soldiers' confidence in their ability to perform and survive on the modern battlefield. Likewise, the integration of combat stress control principles at all levels of leadership training as well as the deployment of mental health combat stress control teams has both enhanced the capability of the soldier and neutralized fear as a weapon of the enemy.

Watercraft Modernization Program

The Army Watercraft Modernization Plan is focused on improving the Army's ability to transfer materiel from ocean-going vessels to the shore, primarily by means of logistics-over-the-shore (LOTS) operations. A viable LOTS program provides the Army with a flexible and guaranteed sustainment capability. This capability has worldwide implications but is particularly critical in Southwest Asia where, exclusive of Saudi Arabia, the majority of ports are unimproved, inadequate, and shallow. Additionally, LOTS ensures continuity of logistics support when fixed, improved ports have been rendered ineffective due to war damage -- a potential during Operation Desert Storm.

Army watercraft also augment intratheater air and land modes of transportation through the use of coastal waterways. Such support has been provided during Operation Desert Storm since the arrival of the pre-positioned ships and the self-deployed logistics support vessels. Army watercraft also have been in use extensively in Panama, Hawaii, and the Azores for many years.

The Army currently has more than 490 items of watercraft equipment in 13 Active and Reserve Component units. Beginning in the mid-1980s, the Army initi ated a comprehensive effort to modernize and upgrade our watercraft fleet. Such systems are essential for the versatile and deployable Army of the future. Major procurement highlights include:

- Logistics Support Vessel (LSV). The LSV is an ocean-going vessel, about 273 feet in length, with a crew of 29 soldiers. With a 2,000-short-ton cargo capacity, the LSV can transport 15 M1A1 tanks or 27 M2 Bradleys. In December 1990, the Army fielded the last of five of these vessels. Two LSVs are currently supporting Operation Desert Storm.

- Landing Craft, Utility (LCU), 2000 Design Series. The 2000 series LCU is designed to transport personnel, equipment, and wheeled and tracked vehicles in both coastal waters and in LOTS operations. Fully selfdeployable to overseas areas, this LCU has a crew of 12 soldiers and can transport 372 short tons of equipment The Army is procuring 35 of these vessels; 12 have been fielded to date. Four LCUs currently are supporting Operation Desert Storm.

Causeway Systems. Causeways are versatile platforms that can be used in a variety of ways to assist in cargo discharge operations. The Army has fielded three floating causeway systems and has funded eight additional powered causeway systems and an elevated causeway.

- Lighter, Amphibian, Heavy Lift (LAMP-H). A proposed acquisition item, the LAMP-H will correct major limitations in the Army's amphibian capability. Current amphibians are 30 years old, technically obsolete, difficult to deploy, and even more difficult to support logistically. LAMP-H design specifications envision an ability to transport a 100-short-ton payload at 10 knots in moderate sea conditions and negotiate a 5-foot-high plunging surf. The Army plans to procure 14 of these amphibians, with initial fielding targeted for FY96.

Light Forces Modernization Plan (LFMP)

The LFMP is designed to cut across all other modernization plans to extract those portions of the plans applicable to light infantry. The intent of the plan is to improve the lethality and survivability of our light fighters. A two-phased plan, LFMP-Phase I (FY90 to FY97) already has assessed and modified the design and some material for light, airborne, and air assault divisions. LFMP-Phase II will analyze these issues in light of requirements for FY98 to FY06.

Soldier Support Modernization Plan (SMP)

The purpose of the SMP is to make the soldier more lethal, survivable, effective, and sustainable by means of a systematic, integrated plan that addresses long-term requirements, priorities, and funding. The plan addresses those items of equipment that are worn, carried, or consumed by the soldier in the field. The present plan addresses the dismounted combat soldier. Vehicle crewmen (air and ground) and other soldiers, along with capabilities required to support the soldier, such as field services and health services, will be addressed later. As a result of the soldier modernization effort, centralized fielding and funding of soldier equipment has become a reality. Centralization ensures that high-priority, first-tofight units receive modernized equipment in a timely and efficient manner. The plan is scheduled be completed in FY91.

Additionally, the Army is implementing the congressionally mandated Soldier Enhancement Program by intensifying efforts to identify, quickly develop, and procure more lethal infantry weapons and improved soldier items. Twenty-eight tasks in the areas of small arms and munitions, combat clothing and individual equipment, communications and navigation aids, and food and shelters are in progress at four Army Research and Development Centers. Emphasis is on nondevelopmental items rather than lengthy development efforts. Examples of work in progress are optics for light weapons, advanced rifle grenade munitions, mine neutralization devices, lighterweight helmets, penlights, and electronic compasses.

Soldier Oriented Research and Development in Personnel and Training (SORD-PT)

SORD-PT will continue to produce effective manpower, personnel, and training products for the Army. Its aim is to conduct effective research in these areas to maximize Army resources in support of the national military strategy. The Army's unprecedented success in recruiting, training, and assigning soldiers of the highest quality is a direct result of SORD-PT. SORD-PT leads to utility and lethality improvements in equipment from research and development with human factors engineering. SORD-PT training research support to home stations and the Combat Training Centers contributes to the high state of readiness achieved by Army forces. Reshaping the Army will be the major driving force of the decade, and "people issues" will be at the forefront of the process. The Army's ability to conduct realistic, cost-effective training through simulations while remaining at a high state of readiness is a major mission area of SORD-PT.

SORD-PT will provide the enduring assets of qual

ity, capable military and civilian personnel to meet the demands of the future Army.

Manpower and Personnel Integration (MANPRINT) Program

The MANPRINT program's emphasis on the human aspects associated with system development has resulted in an increased warfighting capability for the Army. Integration of the areas of manpower, personnel, training, system safety, health hazard, and human factors engineering in the materiel acquisition process enables the Army to provide the soldier with equipment that can perform well, whether in the streets of Panama City or the deserts of Saudi Arabia.

For example, within the Forward Area Air Defense System, the application of MANPRINT markedly influenced the development of the Avenger and the Line of Sight-Forward Heavy (LOS-FH) systems. A 10.2 percent increase in the performance capability of the Avenger was accomplished by identifying human error design fixes before procuring the system. Without MANPRINT, obtaining the same results from the uncorrected system would have resulted in additional hardware and manpower costs of approximately $60 million. Also, MANPRINT analysis on the LOS-FH produced a reduction in soldier workload that will increase the soldier's proficiency with the system.

MANPRINT's role in the enhancement of overall system performance will continue to grow as the availability of resources decreases. Positive innovations resulting from MANPRINT implementation will ensure that the Army's modernization efforts are as effective as possible for the soldiers of today and tomorrow.

Information Mission Area (IMA)
Modernization Plan

The current plan describes modernization efforts that implement five major themes for the 1990s. First, the Army must capitalize on an open-systems environment as a means to increase future competition, maximize interoperability, improve sharing of resources, and enable modular replacement of equipment. Second, we must eliminate redundant and unique systems and replace them with the DOD Corporate Information Management System and Army standard systems. Third, we need to reduce the fixed cost of operations by implementing DOD and Army management initiatives to consolidate and streamline IMA resources. Fourth, we must provide IMA support to ongoing modernization efforts consistent with congressional intent and management efficiency. Fifth, the IMA Modernization Plan must position the Army to globally implement national policy decisions by main