delivery—although the question of the effect of payment at place of delivery is in doubt, as hereinbefore indicated.

On the whole it can be said that the conditions prevailing in the State of New York with respect to the liquor traffic are satisfactory. The Liquor Tax Law is as practicable and workable as may be hoped for under existing conditions and the present state of the public mind. Its enforcement has been along reasonable lines. There appears to be no serious complaint concerning either the condition of the law or the method of its enforcement except by those who are chronically obsessed with a carping spirit toward the traffic and everything connected therewith

REFORM IN RETAIL TRAFFIC.

The list of places at which unsatisfactory conditions existed heretofore with respect to the conduct of the traffic has been vastly decreased as a result of the coöperation on the part of the officials, brewers and civic bodies, and in some instances the civic bodies have been frank and fair in acknowledging the assistance of the brewers to that end. The Report of the Committee of Fourteen in New York City for 1912 contains this reference to the brewers as an evidence of appreciation of their assistance and good faith in carrying out the plan agreed upon to eradicate possible evil practices.

"The co-operation of the Committee with the brewers has continued with increasing success. There has been in general a more sympathetic attitude on the part of the brewers and an increased willingness to respond to the Committee's requests and to accept the judgment of the Committee's Secretaries. During the year there were some particularly troublesome cases. Apparently respectable men, in reality cover for disorderly house proprietors whom the Committee would not accept, endeavored to open certain places. The brewers sustained the Committee.

The Committee of Fourteen was organized and continues to operate for the purpose of suppressing vice in connection with the liquor traffic.

North Dakota:-Prohibitionists of North Dakota will again oppose the adoption of the initiative and referendum amendment to the constitution under which the constitutional amendments

could be submitted by the initiative plan, declaring that the enactment of such a measure would open the way to the liquor interests to wage a fight in the State that would be parallel to that under way in Maine.

Investigations made by Supt. F. L. Watkins, of the North Dakota Enforcement League, show that $86,344 worth of liquor has been shipped into Devil's Lake in the nine months just past, although North Dakota is a prohibition State. The amount is made up mostly of whisky sales.

Ohio:-On September 3, 1912, the electors of Ohio adopted a constitutional amendment providing for license of the traffic in intoxicating liquors by a vote: For, 273,361; Against, 188,825; majority for License, 84,536. This reversed the policy of the State under the Constitution of 1851, which prohibited licensing the traffic. For more than sixty years the sham of treating the saloon as an outlaw and at the same time taxing the business had prevailed. The change of public sentiment to mandatory license in "wet" territory and legal recognition of the saloon indicates the growth of liberal sentiment in the State. The liberals forced the issue while the Anti-Saloon League used every endeavor to encompass the defeat of license. At the same election, a constitutional amendment for Women's Suffrage, supported by the Anti-Saloon League, was defeated by 87,455. The vote was: Yes, 249,420; No, 336,875.

At the November election, 1912, a liberal Governor and liberal majorities in both branches of the Legislature were elected. A license code was passed April 18, 1913, and approved May 3, 1913. It goes into effect, provided no referendum petition thereto is filed, and none is now anticipated, on August 1, 1913, except the penal sections which will be in force on and after the fourth Monday in November, 1913, when the license year begins.

The license code provides for a State Commission of three members, not more than two of whom shall belong to the same political party, appointed by and subject to the removal of the Governor. The State Commission appoints two county license commissioners of different party politics in "wet" counties, who may be removed for cause by the State Board. The county board is authorized within its jurisdiction to grant, issue, renew, transfer,

suspend or revoke all licenses, and, except in certain cases, appeals lie from its decisions to the State Board.

A fee of $5.00 is to accompany each application, and each successful applicant is required to pay a registration fee of $100.00. The sums accruing from these fees will be more than sufficient to defray the operation of the license system.

The liquor tax of $1,000 per annum is retained. Revenues thereunder will be materially reduced by the constitutional and license code limitation of number of saloons-one to every five hundred of population. Probably 2,500 saloons will thereby be eliminated. Adjustment to this limitation offers the most troublesome difficulties, but with these surmounted it is believed that the qualifications and regulations governing successful applicants will go far towards raising the standard of the saloon, and the provision, "no applicant for a renewal of license shall be refused unless the said applicant has not met the qualifications required by law," will make the license a valuable asset to the law-abiding saloonkeeper.

Vexatious trials of licensees before tribunal without the confines of the municipal corporation or township within which the offense is alleged to have been committed, heretofore frequently had before a partial judge, are forbidden by the license code, and the accused when charged with an offense which carries with it punishment of revocation of license is entitled to a jury trial, with convictions subject to review by higher courts.

After August 1, 1915, saloons may not be located within 300 feet of any permanent public or parochial school building, exempting however a bona fide reputable hotel or club and saloons located in the central or a main business section of the city.

Those selling less than two gallons must have a saloon license; those selling in quantities of more than two gallons at one time of the same kind of liquor and not to be consumed upon the premises, require a wholesale license. The number of wholesale licenses is not restricted.

The code is believed to be a distinct step forward in the direction of effective regulation, a consideration which will probably return to the "wet" column many of the present "dry" counties.

The Legislature also passed bills as follows. Providing that the lien of the liquor tax on real estate used in the selling shall not attach when the owner of the realty is ignorant of the liquor trafficking carried on by his tenant; requiring bond from those receiving liquor

tax refunders conditioned to pay liquor tax upon resumption of business, directed mainly against "boot-leggers" placing liquor tax inspectors formerly under control of dairy and food commissioner at disposal of State licensing board; providing for proportionate refund of liquor tax in cases of enforced discontinuance of business by reason of martial law or through fire, flood, earthquake or other public calamity. A bill initiated by the Anti-Saloon League prohibiting the shipment into or receipt of liquor in "dry" territory was not acted upon beyond certain amendments agreed to in the House, and petitions for a referendum thereon are now being circulated for the necessary signatures by the league forces. A bill prohibiting the manufacture and sale of cigarettes was indefinitely postponed.

ELECTIONS.

Since June 1, 1912, to July 1, 1913, four counties have voted under the Rose county option law. All had previously returned "dry" majorities, and again did so, two with decreased and two with increased "dry" majorities. The total "dry" majority recently returned aggregates 5,694, as against 6,170, formerly.

For the same period, under the Beal municipal option law, nine towns were carried by the "drys," of which three were previously "wet" and six were "dry." Four towns were carried by the "wets," of which two were formerly "dry" and two were “wet.”

During the same period, under the township option law, nine townships were carried by the "drys," six of which had been "wet, some however saloonless and only technically "wet" because of no previous election, and three were "dry." Two townships were carried by the "wets," both of which had been "wet."

JUDICIAL DECISIONS.

Outside of "boot-legging" cases in "dry" counties, comparatively few decisions have been rendered under the liquor laws. These include a lower court decision, under the law of soliciting in "dry" territory, that mailed order blanks and other literature constitute indirect solicitation contrary to law: under the same law, conviction based on a printed circular letter over a printed signature, soliciting orders, was sustained by the circuit court. A closing ordinance providing that saloons cannot be opened before 6 o'clock in the morning was held valid, and applied to a party who went into

the saloon before such hour, locked the door behind him, allowed no one to enter before 6 o'clock, and in the interval was engaged in sweeping out the place and icing the liquors. In a sale to minors, charge of court to jury was upheld that State must allege and prove that barkeeper had knowledge that purchaser was a minor, and that a proprietor is not liable when he gives instructions to his bartender in good faith to obey the law and uses due care to see that his instructions are carried out; in a cider case, that it was necessary to prove that the liquor was intoxicating. It was also held that on a charge of "keeping a place," a showing of the place and a single sale therein would fall within the inhibition of the law. Naturalization papers were denied by federal judges in Cincinnati and Cleveland to alien saloonkeepers who had kept open their places on Sundays.

VIGILANCE BUREAU.

The Brewers' Vigilance Bureau has continued its activities in the line of betterment of saloons. This work has been rendered much easier owing to expected regulation under the license code. Prospective applicants were unwilling to risk the chance of not obtaining a license and readily corrected offenses upon notice from the Bureau.

Oregon: Oregon cities that voted on the liquor question under the home rule amendment at the late election were Albany, Eugene, Hood River, Lostine, Roseburg, Cottage Grove, Silverton, Enterprise, Glendale, Oakland, Wallowa, Sutherlin, Springfield, Tigard, Lebanon, Grants Pass and Woodburn. Of these, Woodburn, Oakland, Sutherlin and Springfield voted "wet." Albany was the most important city, electing to remain "dry." There are now 4 counties "dry" out of the 34 in the State. . . .

The Anti-Saloon League of Oregon is planning to make a Statewide prohibition campaign in 1916.

Pennsylvania: In the Legislature that recently adjourned, nothing passed that affected the liquor interests. The only bills passed that were favorable were the Minor Bill, making it a misdemeanor for any minor to knowingly and falsely present himself to be of full age for the purpose of obtaining intoxicating liquors; and the Bill permitting an wholesale or retailed license liquor