Question 1. What is the schedule for the 10 RAID teams becoming operational?

Question 2. What is the schedule for the 44 "Lite" teams becoming operational?

• Answer: The 44 RAID Light teams will consist of traditional drilling National Guard soldiers and airmen. There is no specific operational timeline established for RAID Light teams. They are currently being organized and will be trained and equipped over the next several years as funding permits. Each state has been given the flexibility to customize its RAID Light training and equipment program using the RAID model as the baseline.

Question 3. What is the method and schedule for the Department of Defense (DoD) to evaluate the effectiveness of RAID teams?

■ Answer: US Army Forces Command (FORSCOM) has been directed to provide training and readiness oversight for the RAID teatas. Team members have completed almost all of their individual training and will be conducting new equipment training and an initial collective training exercise in July and August 1999. Following this training, teams will return to their home stations and continue to train as a unit. Each team will undergo their first no-notice validation exercise prior to the end of 1999, and annually thereafter.

Question 4. What is the status and schedule of any of the following activities that the Department of Defense may be performing:

an inventory and assessment of existing response capabilities and assets at the federal level;

Answer: The DoD does not maintain an inventory or assessment of response capabilities of non-DoD agencies. The Department does maintain a listing of important DoD general assets in DoD Directive 5160.54, Critical Asset Assurance Program, and possesses various units capable of providing support to civil authorities responding to terrorists attacks that involve chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, or high-explosive conventional weapons. (These weapons are commonly referred to as weapons of mass destruction (WMD).) The Department of Energy, the Environmental Protection Agency, and Department of Transportation are just a few of the other federal agencies possessing units capable of responding to WMD incidents. Collective information on those and other federal or state assets may be available through the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).

Prior to the Nunn-Lugar-Domenici Act (NLD), the Army's Technical Escort Unit (TEU) and Marine Corps' Chemical-Biological Incident Response Force (CBIRF) existed and were capable of providing federal support for domestic WMD incidents. Additionally, all of the services possess explosive ordinance disposal (EOD) units at most major DoD installations.

As a result of NLD, DoD specifically developed the Chemical-Biological Rapid Response Team (CB-RRT) as a federal asset to support domestic requirements for consequence management stemming from WMD incidents. Additionally, the National Guard was tasked to develop ten

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Rapid Assessment and Initial Detection (RAID) teams to provide support to state authorities for WMD incidents. This was important since RAID teams were the first DoD-related units primarily designed as a state resource to employ in an event involving WMD.

Although the TEU, CBIRF, and most EOD units are capable of providing federal support to civil authorities for domestic or foreign WMD situations, their primary purpose is to respond to DoD wartime requirements or to support unique ordnance handling for service-specific mission areas. This capability includes handling nuclear, chemical or biological waste, weapons and materials. Conversely, the CB-RRT and RAID teams were specifically designed for domestic support and not for DoD wartime operations. To clarify the structure, capability, and purpose of those teams or units, the following brief synopsis is provided.

TEU: In 1943 the Army established the TEU with a mission to conduct field sampling, identification, verification, monitoring, recovery, decontamination, transportation, exploitation, escort, and mitigation of hazards associated with weaponized and non-weaponized chemical and biological materials. TEU also provides chemical/biological response teams (CBRT) to govemment agencies in support of national and international counterproliferation programs. The TEU includes a total of about 85 military and 67 civilian personnel. By design, these personnel can be formed into various sized response elements, but are generally considered as four teams.

CBIRF: The Marine Corps' CBIRF is a self-contained 350 person unit located in North Carolina and is deployable on a world-wide basis. It is trained as a rapid response force capable of threat identification, casualty extraction, personnel decontamination and medical triage, treatment, and stabilization for terrorist-initiated chemical and biological attacks. It can support wartime requirements or could support US or foreign domestic events involving WMD.

EOD Units: The Army's 52nd Ordnance Group is one of the more well-known EOD groups and has units located throughout the country capable of EOD support. EOD units attached to the 52nd Ordnance Group can be deployed to world-wide locations to defeat or mitigate hazards from conventional, nuclear, or chemical devices. Other service-specific EOD units handle materials or explosives commonly processed within certain mission areas. Major DoD installations usually have EOD units assigned and trained to handle some types of weaponized chemical, biological or explosive munitions. However, their primary mission is to support warfighting operations or munitions handling.

CB-RRT: The CB-RRT, which resulted from the NLD legislation, is unique since it is a skeletal organization designed specifically to support the lead federal agency (LFA) for a civilian crisis resulting from a WMD event. It draws DoD assets to assist in the detection, neutralization, containment, dismantlement and disposal of WMD articles or related hazardous materials, and it assists first responders in dealing with potential WMD consequences.

Unlike the CBIRF, the CB-RRT must task and operationally control, or establish liaison with, a variety of units from within the DoD (i.e., TEU, RAIDS, CBIRF, the 52d Ordnance Group, logistics units, transportation units, military police, and military medical units) to accomplish the response mission. For practical purposes, the CB-RRT is the standing framework that combines existing DoD assets when needed for a domestic response force.

The Army's Soldier and Biological Chemical Command (SBCCOM) at Fort Meade provides the core CB-RRT architecture. SBCCOM also makes available assets from the Edgewood Chemical and Biological Center (BCBC), the US Army Forensic Analytical Center (USAFAC), and the Chemical Activity Commands (CACs) as part of the CB-RRT response capabilities. These capabilities represent specific units assigned to the CB-RRT by the Director of Military Support (DOMS) for civil support requirements.

Other resources available to CB-RRT include the Army's Medical Research Institute of Infectious Disease (USAMRIID), Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense (USAMRICD), and the Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine (USACHPPM). Available also are the Service's special medical response teams from the six regional medical commands (RMC) and resources from the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI), Naval Environmental Health Center (NEHC), and the NEHC's Naval Environmental and Preventive Medicine Units.

RAID: RAID teams are part of the National Guard and are intended to be primarily a state asset readily available to a governor to assist state and local civil authorities. Because of the unique nature of the National Guard as a state and federal force, RAID teams may also be employed as a federal asset. However, their specific mission is to assess WMD situations, identify WMD agents, recommend appropriate courses of action to civil authorities to mitigate damage from the effects of the WMD, and to assist civil and military authorities in facilitating the employment of federal military support. RAID teams will be dual-batted as both a state and federal military resource. Again, they are primarily intended to be employed at the direction of a governor, but may be federalized to support DoD requirements since all National Guard units are inherently part of the DoD. RAID teams are scheduled to be operationally capable in January 2000.

In summary, the DoD can utilize a variety of technical organizations or medical units to identify and respond to nuclear, chemical and biological WMD events or to mitigate the potential health consequences resulting from the use of a WMD. However, the primary purpose of most of these units is to enhance DoD wartime operations or to support their respective service in handling chemical, biological, nuclear or conventional munitions, materials, waste or devices. Only the DoD's CB-RRT and RAID teams have been specially designated by law to support civil authorities in responding to WMD events. All other DoD units are designed to support wartime missions but could be employed, if required, to support civil authorities.

an inventory and assessment of existing response capabilities and assets at the state and local level;

· Answer: The DoD provides support to state and local officials when a governor formally requests assistance from the President, but it does not maintain an inventory of existing response capabilities and assets at the state or local level. State emergency management agencies usually maintain listings of state and local assets within their region. FEMA might also maintain similar data, but the DoD does not maintain this level of detail on capabilities and assets at the state and local level. The DoD's Director of Military Support (DOMS) acts as the liaison to interact with

FEMA and other governmental agencies whenever the DoD is requested to support civilian catastrophes.

In spite of the fact that many areas of the country have Hazardous Materials (response) Teams
(HAZMATS), RAID teams are being trained to recognize weaponized chemical, biological, and
nuclear materials used by terrorists. They are also being trained to provide civilian authorities
with viable recommendations on mitigating the consequences resulting from the exposure of
WMD materials on the civilian population. Consequently, RAID teams are the only state asset
that the DoD is monitoring as a state or local asset designated for WMD consequence
management.

an identification of response needs at the federal level;

Answer: DoD is not specifically responsible to identify response needs at the federal level; however, through the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Special Operations and Low Intensity Conflict (OASD (SO/LIC)), DoD is lending support to the FBI and FEMA in pursuing the development of a capacity and sustainment study designed to examine the potential requirements for national teams and resources for WMD consequence management for domestic crises. Some of the issues they will be assessing include ascertaining our policy for and funding of national teams and assets for WMD response, and determining the number and capability of such teams.

Specifically, OASD(SO/LIC) is examining the utility of a computer modeling system
designed to evaluate a spectrum of terrorist incidents involving six types of WMD:
nuclear, radiological, chemical (both persistent and non-persistent agents) and biological
(contagious and non-contagious agents). Computer models would be generated to evaluate the
scope of personnel and collateral damage incurred in an urban environment by the use of these
weapons. A generic urban environment will be used initially to avoid singling out any particular
city in the U.S. An initial operative assumption for the study is that this city would have
benefited from participation in the NLD Domestic Preparedness Program for 120 of America's
larger metropolitan areas.

The six types of WMD will be examined individually in scenarios designed to illustrate their
unique characteristics including: resultant human casualties; damage to urban infrastructure;
degree and persistence of contamination including compromises to water, food supplies,
agricultural assets, health care facilities, and communication and transportation systems. The
analysis will also consider diffusion patterns indicating the pervasiveness of the WMD attack;
effects of meteorological conditions on the attack; impact on population mobility, and in the case
of biological weapons use, timelines for the onset of certain symptoms based on transmissibility
and incubation rate in humans.

Throughout the course of this study, these weapons characteristics will be amplified to examine worst case scenarios and the corresponding national effort to mitigate single incidents as well as simultaneous terrorist incidents. By varying the parameters used to construct the model, mathematical data will be generated which will serve to define the requirements for response resources for WMD consequence management.

OASD(SO/LIC) is also working to ascertain the extent of modeling conducted to date for consequence management (CM) response. The Defense Threat Reduction Agency, the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), USAMRIID, SBCCOM, the National Ground Intelligence Center and the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) are also being queried for details on previous computer modeling efforts in CM response. Extensive modeling work has already been undertaken by the National Ground Intelligence Center which has developed a Joint Assessment of Catastrophic Events (JACE) program for DOMS. The JACE effort is based on leveraging a set of targeting tools and modeling software in a web-based collaborative environment for use by military and civilian responders in the event of a WMD attack. One desired outcome would be that a virtual city construct could be established for the generation of consequence management requirements for the six aforementioned WMD scenarios.

OASD(SOLIC) will be working with the CIA and Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) to prioritize the WMD scenarios. The results of this study will be provided to FEMA in order to determine and coordinate eventual Federal Response Plan (FRP) support. FEMA will coordinate with DHHS, the FBI and other FRP contributors. Following completion of the initial modeling scenarios, additional scenarios will be examined to broaden the database. This study is an ongoing process designed to minimize the element of surprise for national policy makers and bolster the national response capability.

an identification of response needs at the state and local level; and

Answer: As previously stated, the DoD is supporting the FBI and FEMA in pursuing the
development of a generic urban environment computer model study designed to examine
the potential requirements for national teams for hypothetical urban WMD crises.
However, the DoD is not specifically focusing on the needs of a particular state, city
or local level of government. Instead, the DoD is supporting the joint FEMA-FBI
capacity study to help establish rough estimates for state, county and city managers so
that the information could be employed as a means to establish a baseline of requirements
for potential CM catastrophes.

a written threat and risk assessment of our cities or regions of the United States regarding a terrorist attack.

Answer: The FBI is the federal agency responsible for threat and risk assessment of our cities and regions of the United States regarding a terrorist attack. Additionally, you may be able to gain this information from some state, county, or city emergency management offices or law enforcement agencies. The DoD does not normally conduct standing or recurring assessments of this nature.

Question 5. What annual goals and measures developed by Department of Defense pursuant to the Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA) relate to preparedness against terrorist attack?

■ Answer: The goals presented in the Department's fiscal year 2000 GPRA Performance Plan support the National Security Strategy and the Department's mission and vision statements. They were selected because they demonstrate how senior decisionmakers judge the Department's progress