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License condi tions

Distribution for independent research, etc.

lent to the sale price for similar special nuclear material established by the Commission in accordance with subsection 53 c. (2), and the Commission may make such a charge with respect to such material consumed in a facility licensed pursuant to section 104.48

"e. Each license issued pursuant to this section shall contain and be subject to the following conditions"(2) no right to the special nuclear material shall be conferred by the license except as defined by the license;

"(3) neither the license nor any right under the license shall be assigned or otherwise transferred in violation of the provisions of this Act;

"(4) all special nuclear material shall be subject to the right of recapture or control reserved by section 108 and to all other provisions of this Act;

"(5) no special nuclear material may be used in any utilization or production facility except in accordance with the provisions of this Act;

"(6) special nuclear material shall be distributed only on terms, as may be established by rule of the Commission, such that no user will be permitted to construct an atomic weapon;

"(7) special nuclear material shall be distributed only pursuant to such safety standards as may be established by rule of the Commission to protect health and to minimize danger to life or property; and

"(8) except to the extent that the indemnification and limitation of liability provisions of section 170 apply, the license will hold the United States and the Commission harmless from any damages resulting from the use or possession of special nuclear material by the licensee. 50

"f. The Commission is directed to distribute within the United States sufficient special nuclear material to permit the conduct of widespread independent research and development activities to the maximum extent practicable. In the event that applications for special nu

51

48 Public Law 88-489 (78 Stat. 602) (1964. sec. 7. amended this paragraph. Before amendment this paragraph read:

"(5) with respect to special nuclear material consumed in a facility licensed pursuant to section 103. the Commission shall make a further charge based on the cost to the Commission. as estimated by the Commission, or the average fair price paid for the production of such special nuclear material as determined by section 56. whichever is lower.'

40 Public Law 88-489 (78 Stat. 602) (1964), sec. 8, deleted, subsec. 53 e. (1). Subsec. 53 e. (1) read:

"(1) title to all special nuclear material shall at all times be in the United States:"

50 Public Law 85-256 (71 Stat. 576) (1957), sec. 2 amended sec. 53 e. (8). Before amendment this subsection read:

"(8) the licensee will hold the United States and the Commission harmless from any damages resulting from the use or possession of special nuclear material by the licensee."

51 Public Law 90-190 (81 Stat 575) (1967). sec. 9. deleted the following phrase which appeared at the end of this sentence: "and within the limitations set by the President pursuant to section 41."

clear material exceed the amount available for distribution, preference shall be given to those activities which are most likely, in the opinion of the Commission, to contribute to basic research, to the development of peacetime uses of atomic energy, or to the economic and military strength of the Nation.

Foreign disspecial nuclear

tribution of

material,

"SEC. 54. FOREIGN DISTRIBUTION OF SPECIAL NUCLEAR MATERIAL.- -a. The Commission is authorized to cooperate with any nation or group of nations by distributing 42 U.S.C. special nuclear material and to distribute such special sec. 2074 nuclear material, pursuant to the terms of an agreement for cooperation to which such nation or group of nations is a party and which is made in accordance with section 123. Unless hereafter otherwise authorized by law the Commission shall be compensated for special nuclear material so distributed at not less than the Commission's published charges applicable to the domestic distribution of such material, except that the Commission to assist and encourage research on peaceful uses or for medical therapy may so distribute without charge during any calendar year only a quantity of such material which at the time of transfer does not exceed in value $10,000 in the case of one nation or $50,000 in the case of any group of nations. The Commission may distribute to the International Atomic Energy Agency, or to any group of nations, only such amounts of special nuclear materials and for such period of time as are authorized by Congress: Provided, however, That, (i) notwithstanding this provision, the Commission is hereby authorized, subject to the provisions of section 123, to distribute to the Agency five thousand kilograms of contained uranium-235, five hundred grams of uranium-233, and three kilograms of plutonium, together with the amounts of special nuclear material which will match in amount the sum of all quantities of special nuclear materials made available by all other members of the Agency to June 1, 1960; and (ii) notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this subsection, the Commission may distribute to the International Atomic Energy Agency, or to any group of nations, such other amounts of special nuclear materials and for such other periods of time as are established in writing by the Commission: Provided, however, That before they are established by the Commission pursuant to this subdivision (ii), such proposed amounts and periods shall be submitted to the Congress and referred to the Joint Committee and a period of sixty days shall elapse while Congress is in session (in computing such sixty days, there shall be excluded the days on which either House is not in session because of adjournment of more than three days): And provided further, That any such proposed amounts and periods shall not become effective if during such sixty-day period the Congress passes a concurrent resolution stating in substance that

Purchase of special nuclear material.

Foreign distribution of certain materials

it does not favor the proposed action: And provided further, That prior to the elapse of the first thirty days. of any such sixty-day period the Joint Committee shall submit a report to the Congress of its views and recommendations respecting the proposed amounts and periods and an accompanying proposed concurrent resolution stating in substance that the Congress favors, or does not favor, as the case may be, the proposed amounts or periods. The Commission may agree to repurchase any special nuclear material distributed under a sale arrangement pursuant to this subsection which is not consumed in the course of activities conducted in accordance with the agreement for cooperation, or any uranium remaining after irradiation of such special nuclear material, at a repurchase price not to exceed the Commission's sale price for comparable special nuclear material or uranium in effect at the time of delivery of such material to the Commission. The Commission may also agree to purchase, consistent with and within the period of the agreement for cooperation, special nuclear material produced in a nuclear reactor located outside the United States through the use of special nuclear material which was leased or sold pursuant to this subsection. Under any such agreement the Commission shall purchase only such material as is delivered to the Commission during any period when there is in effect a guaranteed purchase price for the same material produced in a nuclear reactor by a person licensed under section 104, established by the Commission pursuant to section 56, and the price to be paid shall be the price so established by the Commission and in effect for the same material delivered to the Commission.

"b. Notwithstanding the provisions of sections 123, 124, and 125, the Commission is authorized to distribute to any person outside the United States (1) plutonium containing 80 per centum or more by weight of plutonium238, and (2) other special nuclear material when it has, in accordance with subsection 57 d., exempted certain classes or quantities of such other special nuclear material or kinds of uses or users thereof from the requirements for a license set forth in this chapter. Unless hereafter otherwise authorized by law, the Commission shall be compensated for special nuclear material so distributed at not less than the Commission's published charges applicable to the domestic distribution of such material. The Commission shall not distribute any plutonium containing 80 per centum or more by weight of plutonium238 to any person under this subsection if, in its opinion, such distribution would be inimical to the common defense and security. The Commission may require such reports regarding the use of material distributed pursuant to the provisions of this subsection as it deems

necessary.

"c. The Commission is authorized to license or otherwise permit others to distribute special nuclear material to any person outside the United States under the same conditions, except as to charges, as would be applicable if the material were distributed by the Commission.52

"d. The authority to distribute special nuclear material under this section other than under an export license granted by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission shall extend only to the following small quantities of special nuclear material (in no event more than five hundred grams per year of the uranium isotope 233, the uranium isotope 235, or plutonium contained in special nuclear material to any recipient):

"(1) which are contained in laboratory samples, medical devices, or monitoring or other instruments;

or

"(2) the distribution of which is needed to deal with an emergency situation in which time is of the essence.53

"e. The authority in this section to commit United States funds for any activities pursuant to any subse

52 Section 2 of Public Law 93-377 (88 Stat. 473) (1974), amended section 54. Previously section 54 read as follows:

"SEC. 54. FOREIGN DISTRIBUTION OF SPECIAL NUCLEAR MATERIAL.-The Commission is authorized to cooperate with any nation by distributing special nuclear material and to distribute such special nuclear material, pursuant to the terms of an agreement for cooperation to which such nation is a party and which is made in accordance with section 123. Unless hereafter otherwise authorized by law the Commission shall be compensated for special nuclear material so distributed at not less than the Commission's published charges applicable to the domestic distribution of such material, except that the Commission to assist and encourage research on peaceful uses or for medical therapy may so distribute without charge during any calendar year only a quantity of such material which at the time of transfer does not exceed in value $10.000 in the case of one nation or $50,000 in the case of any group of nations. The Commission may distribute to the International Atomic Energy Agency, or to any group of nations, only such amounts of special nuclear materials and for such periods of time as are authorized by Congress: Provided, however, That, notwithstanding this provision, the Commission is hereby authorized subject to the provisions of section 123. to distribute to the Agency five thousand kilograms of contained uranium-235. five hundred grams of uranium 233 and three kilograms of plutonium together with the amounts of special nuclear material which will match in amount the sum of all quantities of special nuclear materials made available by all other members of the Agency to July 1, 1960. The Commission may agree to repurchase any special nuclear material distributed under a sale arrangement pursuant to this section which is not consumed in the course of the activities conducted in accordance with the agreement for cooperation, or any uranium remaining after irradiation of such special nuclear material, at a repurchase price not to exceed the Commission s sale price for comparable special nuclear material or uranium in effect at the time of delivery of such material to the Commission. The Commission may also agree to purchase, consistent with and within the period of the agreement for cooperation, special nuclear material produced in a nuclear reactor located outside the United States through the use of special nuclear material which was leased or sold pursuant to this section. Under any such agreement, the Commission shall purchase only such material as is delivered to the Commission during any period when there is in effect a guaranteed purchase price for the same material produced in a nuclear reactor by a person licensed under section 104, established by the Commission pursuant to section 56. and the price to be paid shall be the price so established by the Commission and in effect for the same material delivered to the Commission.

Public Law 88-487 (78 Stat. 602) (1964) had added the last three sentences to section 54. Public Law 87-206 (75 Stat. 475) (1961) sec. 4, had added the words "five hundred grams of uranium 233 and three kilograms of plutonium" to the proviso in this section. Public Law 85-177 (71 Stat. 453) (1957), sec. 7, had added the second and third sentences, Including the proviso, to sec. 54.

Public Law 95-242 (92 Stat. 125) (1978), sec. 301(a), added sub

sec. d.

42 USC 2074.

Acquisition 42 U.S.C.

sec. 2075.

41 U.S.C. 252 (c)

(see 41 U.S.C. 260 (b).)

Guaranteed

42 U.S.C. sec. 2076.

quent arrangement under section 131 a. (2) (E) shall be subject to the requirements of section 131.54

"SEC. 55. ACQUISITION.-The Commission is authorized, to the extent it deems necessary to effectuate the provisions of this Act, to purchase without regard to the limitations in section 54 or any guaranteed purchase prices established pursuant to section 56, and to take, requisition, condemn, or otherwise acquire any special nuclear material or any interest therein. Any contract of purchase made under this section may be made without regard to the provisions of section 3709 of the Revised Statutes, as amended, upon certification by the Commission that such action is necessary in the interest of the common defense and security, or upon a showing by the Commission that advertising is not reasonably practicable. Partial and advance payments may be made under contracts for such purposes. Just compensation shall be made for any right, property, or interest in property taken, requisitioned, or condemned under this section.55 Providing, That the authority in this section to commit. United States funds for any activities pursuant to any subsequent arrangement under section 131 a. (2) (E) shall be subject to the requirements of section 131.5

56

"SEC. 56. GUARANTEED PURCHASE PRICES.-The Compurchase prices mission shall establish guaranteed purchase prices for plutonium produced in a nuclear reactor by a person licensed under section 104 and delivered to the Commission before January 1, 1971. The Commission shall also establish for such periods of time as it may deem necessary but not to exceed ten years as to any such period, guaranteed purchase prices for uranium enriched in the isotope 233 produced in a nuclear reactor by a person licensed under section 103 or section 104 and delivered to the Commission within the period of the guarantee.57 Guaranteed purchase prices established under the authority of this section shall not exceed the Commission's determination of the estimated value of plutonium or uranium enriched in the isotope 233 as fuel in nuclear reactors, and such prices shall be established on a nondiscriminatory basis: Provided, That the Commission is authorized to establish such guaranteed purchase prices only for such plutonium or uranium enriched in the isotope 233 as the Commission shall determine is produced

54 Public Law 95-242 (92 Stat. 131) (1978), sec. 303(b) (1), added subsec. e.

55 Public Law 88-489 (78 Stat. 602) (1964), sec. 10. amended, sec. 55 by substituting a complete new sec. 55. Before amendment sec. 55 read as follows:

"SEC. 55. ACQUISITION.-The Commission is authorized to purchase or otherwise acquire any special nuclear material or any interest therein outside the United States without regard to the provisions of section 3709 of the Revised Statutes, as amended, upon certification by the Commission that such action is necessary in the interest of the common defense and security, or upon a showing by the Commission that advertising is not reasonably practicable. Partial and advance payments may be made under contracts for such purposes."

58 Public Law 95-242 (92 Stat. 131) (1978), sec. 303(b) (2), added the proviso to sec. 55.

57 Public Law 91-560 (84 Stat. 1472) (1970), sec. 2, added "section 103 or" to this sentence.

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