The Uruguay Round and the Developing Economies, Parts 63-307Will Martin, L. Alan Winters World Bank Publications, 1995 M01 1 - 456 pages Showcases improvements in environmentally sustainable development indicators by using them to analyze policy-oriented issues. The World Bank is both a compiler and a user of environmentally sustainable development (ESD) indicators. Although the Bank is more a user than a compiler of indicators in general, it believes in ensuring proper communication between users and compilers, especially for users who are policymakers. It is essential that policymakers have at least rough indicators of whether environmental conditions are improving or deteriorating in broad areas of concern. This report showcases improvements in ESD indicators by using them to analyze policy-oriented issues. The report examines issues in developing indicators that are understood by compilers and users, including definitions, methodology, and practical considerations. It addresses the gray area where physical indicators of environmental conditions blend into policymaking and proposes a change in the role of national accounting, where poor measurement of environmental aspects can send distorted signals to decisionmakers. |
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Africa aggregate AGR MFA agricultural antidumping apparel applied Armington Article average barriers base billion bindings Canada capital cent China commitments coverage developing coun developing countries dispute settlement domestic EFTA elasticities environmental estimates European Union export subsidies GATS GATT global GTAP HKG TWN ARG IDN MYS PHL impact imports income increase industrial countries investment IPRs Japan KOR E_U IDN labour Latin America manufactures market access measures ment MEX LAM MFA MFRS FULL MFA quotas monopolistic competition multilateral national treatment negotiations NTBs NZL CAN USA OECD OMACHN output percent Percentage Change PHL SGP THA protection rates reform regime region relative restrictions returns to scale rules safeguard SAS EFTA scenario sectors Simulation South Asia specific Table tariff tariff cuts tariff equivalents tariff lines textiles and clothing tion trade liberalization trade policy trading system Transition Economies Uruguay Round agreement World Bank
Popular passages
Page 443 - Subject to the requirement that such measures are not applied in a manner which would constitute a means of arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination between countries where the same conditions prevail, or a disguised restriction on international trade...
Page 286 - Agreement, including tariff concessions, any product is being imported into the territory of that contracting party in such increased quantities and under such conditions as to cause or threaten serious injury to domestic producers in that territory of like or directly competitive products...
Page 443 - Agreement shall be construed to prevent the adoption or enforcement by any contracting party of measures: [....] (b) necessary to protect human, animal or plant life or health; [....] (g) relating to the conservation of exhaustible natural resources if such measures are made effective in conjunction with restrictions on domestic production or consumption.
Page 444 - ... the optimal use of the world's resources in accordance with the objective of sustainable development, seeking both to protect and preserve the environment and to enhance the means for doing so in a manner consistent with their respective needs and concerns at different levels of economic development...
Page 299 - ... the panel shall interpret the relevant provisions of the Agreement in accordance with customary rules of interpretation of public international law. Where the panel finds that a relevant provision of the Agreement admits of more than one permissible interpretation, the panel shall find the authorities' measure to be in conformity with the Agreement if it rests upon one of those permissible interpretations.
Page 392 - Article, patents shall be available and patent rights enjoyable without discrimination as to the place of invention, the field of technology and whether products are imported or locally produced.
Page 128 - CONTRACTING PARTIES agree that there is an urgent need to bring more discipline and predictability to world agricultural trade by correcting and preventing restrictions and distortions including those related to structural surpluses so as to reduce the uncertainty, imbalances and instability in world agricultural markets...
Page 385 - Negotiations shall aim to develop a multilateral framework of principles, rules and disciplines dealing with international trade in counterfeit goods, taking into account work already undertaken in the GATT.
Page 385 - In order to reduce the distortions and impediments to international trade, and taking into account the need to promote effective and adequate protection of intellectual property rights and to ensure that measures and procedures to enforce intellectual property rights do not themselves become barriers to legitimate trade, the negotiations shall aim to clarify GATT provisions and elaborate as appropriate new rules and disciplines.
Page 444 - Recognizing that their relations in the field of trade and economic endeavour should be conducted with a view to raising standards of living, ensuring full employment and a large and steadily growing volume of real income and effective demand, and expanding the production of and trade in goods and services, while allowing for the optimal use of the world's resources in accordance with the objective of sustainable development...