Femur, or thigh bone.

Length,

37

66

Largest circumference,

30

46

Smallest

du.

151

64

Tibia, (largest bone between thigh and hoof.)

Length,

22

46

Largest circumference,

241

Smallest

the reasons why I cannot accept your invitation,
and I have said as much as I have, in order to be
clearly understood. Not to have answered your
note might have been considered uncivil, and have
exposed me to improper imputations; while it was
impossible to answer it, with due regard to truth
and candor and what was due to myself, without
With respect, yours, &c.
stating what I have.
JOHN C. CALHOUN
To Joseph A. Black, S. Boatwright, J. McCully,
T. Center, W. Denley, I. D. Mordecai, J. C.
Phillips, T. H. Wade, and Robert Adams, esqs.

I long since foresaw its approach, and made up my mind as to the part I would act, should it arrive JUDGE WHITE AND MR. BELL. in my time. Four years ago, on the removal of the deposites, I openly avowed in debate the principles The citizens of Knoxville honored these gentleand sentiments on which I acted at the late and ex-men with a dinner on their return from washingtra session, and, of consequence, could take no ton. We copy the subjoined notice of their reother course, without palpably contradicting my marks from the Knoxville Register: recorded opinions, and this without any change of The speeches delivered by these distinguished principle or sentiment. So far otherwise, time and statesmen at the public dinner on Wednesday last, reflection have but served to confirm the opinions I we hope to be able to lay before our readers in a then entertained and expressed. I do believe that very short time. They are worthy of their authe only real alternative left, is whether the govern-thors, of our noble state, and of the palmiest days Col. Bell appeared among us ment shall go back to its original policy, established of our republic. by the act of 1789, and collect its revenue in the comparatively a stranger, except from reputationlegal and constitutional currency of the country, and although laboring under the oppressions conand keep it by its own responsible officers, or char- sequent upon a protracted and laborious session of ter another bank; or, in other words, between the congress, and the superadded fatigues of a long constitutional treasury and another national bank, journey, yet he fully came up to a high public exwith sufficient capital and power to control the ex- pectation, and in a speech of about two hours changes, the currency, the commerce, and the busi-length sustained the exalted character he has acness of the union. All other measures-the pet quired and the glorious cause he has so zealously bank system, special deposites, and all-are but espoused in the councils of the nation. Judge temporary expedients, half way houses, and so un- White spoke about an hour and a half, and in our derstood and avowed by the great body opposed to estimation surpassed any former effort of his, the separation of government from the banks. Be- which we have witnessed. He gave a full and lutween the two-the constitutional treasury and acid exposition of his present political attitude. In national bank-I could not hesitate. I do most so- relation to the next presidential election, be, as lemnly believe, that a bank with power and influ- well as col. Beil, declared they were uncommitted ence sufficient to effect the object proposed, would to the support of any person or party-That be the most dangerous of all measures-would be they were bound alone to their principles-those fatal to our free institutions, and destructive of the important and immutable principles upon which commerce, interests and safety of the staple states. gen. Jackson's early election was advocated and Its powers would make it despotic, and enable it sustained. That the most important of these printo control the action of congress, and to take from ciples were, a retrenchment of the extravagant exthe people, in reality, the power of electing the penditures of the public money, a limitation of the If I had no other reason for not accepting your president, who would be virtually elected by the powers of the executive, and a reform of those invitation, the great distance and my recent return bank, and be but an instrument in its hands. It abuses by which the power and patronage of the home, after a long absence in the laborious dis- would, in a word, make a master-not a master government were used to perpetuate the reign of charge of my public duties, would be, I hope, a having a common interest in the whole, and a no- the then existing functionaries-that these were sufficient apology; but there are others, which are tive to protect and cherish all the parts, but a local the great and leading objects for which gen. Jackinsuperable, for declining it, which, acting with and sectional master, whose power would be wield- son was supported against J. Q. Adains in 1828the candor and frankness that I trust shall ever ed to aggrandize and build up one portion, by op- That they are as sacred and worthy of efort now, mark my conduct on all occasions, I cannot with- pressing the other. as they were then, and that consistency and patriothold. Thus thinking, no alternative was left, but to ism require that Tennessee and the old Jackson It is impossible I can mistake, that the welcome pursue the course I did, even at the hazard of dif-party should rally upon the same ground, and enhome to my colleague is intended as a testimony offering from my colleague and many of my old deavore to bring about precisely the same salutary approbation of his course generally, during the late friends, for whom I have the highest regard and the reforms, by putting down the administration of Mr. session, but more especially in reference to the kindest feelings. In taking it, I could not but fore- Van Buren. Judge White repudiated the idea that great and leading question of the day, which now see that it would bring me into conflict with the he and Mr. Van Buren were ever of the same party, so deeply agitates the country, and engrossed so greatest and most powerful interest of the commu- so far as principles are concerned. Mr. Van Buren large a portion of the time and attention of con-nity, and that I should be subject to the most un- was for a high tariff, while he was opposed to itgress, at its late sitting. Thus understanding it, I founded misrepresentations and the fiercest attacks. was for internal improvements, while he was against can have no objection to it; but for me to partici- But, at such a crisis, and with my views of the it. Mr. Van Buren is now for an increase of expate in the welcome and the accompanying festivi- consequences, I would have been unworthy of re-ecutive power, while judge White is for diminishties, would be to condeinn my own course. It was presenting constituents so intelligent and patriotic, ing and limiting it. His whole practice sanctions our misfortune to differ on the deeply important and who had so generously stood by me on so many as legitimate a liberal use of power and patronage question in reference to which it is intended to do trying occasions, if I had permitted any personal in advancing and sustaining his party, while judge honor to his course. The difference was, on my or selfish considerations to have the least influence. White's ideas of political integrity, as well as true part, with great reluctance. I could not but appre- Having thus differed on a question, according to policy, forbid it-and Mr. Van Buren is for a treahend that a difference on such a subject, involving my conception, of such vast magnitude and impor. sury bank, while he is opposed to it. such important interests, and to be followed by such tance, I cannot accept your invitation to partake in Judge White said it was possible that some cana mighty train of consequences, for good or evil, a festivity intended to honor the course of my col- didate for the presidency might yet be brought forwould ultimately divide and distract the state, to leagues, without condemning and dishonoring my ward who would be more acceptable to himself than which no one could be more averse than myself. own, and am therefore compelled to decline it. either Mr. Clay, or Mr. Van Buren, but that this Every motive that could influence me, personal or Nor can I consistently with a due regard to pro-was, from preseut appearances, improbable; and patriotic, was on the opposite side. Individually, priety attend the festivity in order to address the that if no other candidates than these should be had clearly nothing to gain by division or distrac- people" on the occasion. My colleague and my presented, upon a fair and just comparison of their tion. My position in the state and in the estima-selt have both fully expressed our opinions on this claims, an attachment to great political principles tion of my fellow citizens could not be materially and most of the other important subjects, which which he has ever cherished and a sacred regard bettered, and was almost certain to be injured, by claimed the attention of congress at its late session, for the general welfare of the country would not any change. But I had far higher motives than in our appropriate places in the senate. What we suffer him long to hesitate in giving to Mr. Clay a mere personal considerations to avoid every act said has been published and is in the hands of our decided preference. which might by possibility lead to a division at constituents. If additional light is wanted, as far home. as I am concerned, I shall cheerfully respond, when I have long regarded the south as the balance called on for that purpose, by any portion of my wheel of our beautiful, but complex, system of go- constituents; but in the present case, where from vernment, and I consider its union not only as ne- what has been stated, it is obvious, that different cessary to its own prosperity and safety, but indis-opinions are entertained by your invited guest and pensable to the proper working of the whole ma-myself on a question which cannot but be promichine. It is an opinion deliberately formed, after nently noticed at your festival, my presence could much reflection and no little experience. We are not be very agreeable either to him or myself. the weaker and the exposed section, and must, of In stating the reasons for my course and the moHead Quarters Eastern Division, course, have the deepest interest in confining the tives which govern me, it is far from my intention Cherokee Agency, July 30, 1838. general government to its proper sphere, on which to cast censure on that of my colleague. Neither SIR: I have had the honor to receive your exceldepend its salety and duration, so essential to the of us is the rightful judge of the other, where we lency's letter of the 21st instant, offering to pardon safety and prosperity of all. To effect this, union unfortunately differ in the discharge of our official and cause to be released twelve Cherokees now in among ourselves is indispensable, while, as the duties. We hold the same high trust from the same the penitentiary of Georgia. weaker portion of the confederacy, it cannot en- constituency, to whom alone we are responsible But a little time before, instructions were receivdanger either the rights or the safety of the strong for the fidelity and wisdom with which we may dis-ed from the secretary of war on the same subject, But union among ourselves at home, in our charge our duty. My object is simply to assign and I am happy to be anticipated in my request

er.

But we will not by further anticipating increase the anxiety of our readers to see these speeches. We wish most ardent y that every individual of these gentlemen's constituency could have been present to hear for themselves this able and Incid exposition of the course which consistency and political integrity require them to adopt and pursue.

THE CHEROKEES.

tion.

founded thereupon, by the generous offer in ques- If it has not terminated satisfactorily to all, the
disaffected must make the most reasonable allow
I send with this communication Mr. Hildebrand, ancas for the principal actors in this scene. They
a part Cherokee, and a trusty and intelligent young have had parts to perform of the most delicate and
man, to receive and bring to this place the Chero-responsible nature. They have had an injured na-
kee prisoners. He is provided with sufficient tion's wounds to bind up, and at the same time to
funds, by the nation, to defray all necessary ex- avoid compromitting the interest or honor of the
penses in going and returning.
United States. In the fulfilment of the duties as-
The Indian authorities are anxious not to leave signed them, they have had to tear asunder the
one of their people behind.
cords of afection which bound a noble tribe of
people to their natal soil and the burial grounds of
their fathers, and at the point of the bayonet force
them to march to another land. These things, no
doubt, combined to influence general Scott to run
the risk of incurring the displeasure of many who
have made sacrifices on the faith of the promises
held out to the public. He was no doubt willing
even to abridge his own well-deserved popularity
if it would dissipate the gloom and sorrow which
rested upon the Cherokees. Then let every lip be
closed and every pen be dried that would reflect on
that brave and venerated officer for the course he
has pursued.

No guard is supposed to be necessary to bring the prisoners to this place, as it is not doubted that they will be eager enough to return to their kindred and friends; and for their protection on the way, a paper from your excellency, in the nature of a pass port, it is supposed, will be all-sufficient.

The whole body of the Cherokees remaining to be emigrated, evince the best dispositions, and the emigration to the west will be renewed the beginning of the month after the next.

I have the honor to be, &c. &c. &c. (Signed) WINFIELD SCOTT. His ex. George R. Gilmer, governor of Georgia.

The Hamilton Gazette, printed at Ross's Landing, in Tennessee, says:

The collection of the Indians commenced on the 25th of May last, under the direction of major general Scott, and, at the present time, all the Indians are collected at the different depots-about 8,000 at the Cherokee agency-2,000 at this place -1,500 at a new camp, 12 miles from the agency -and 800 at Fort Payne, Alabama. These nunbers comprise all the Indians in the territorial limits of the nation, with the exception of a few who have pledged their words to come in in proper time. "The whole number of Indians in the nation on the 23d May was estimated at 16,000; out of this number, about 2,600 were despatched by the superintendent, by water, to their new homes in the west, during the mouth of June. They are divid. ed into three parties. The first, consisting of 950, started about the 15th of June, under the following officers: Lieut. Davis, U. S. artillery, conductor; Messrs. Reeves, Walder, and Cox, assistants; and Messrs. Oates and Folger, physicians. The second party of 800 started about the 10th of June, under the following officers: Lieut. Whitely, U. S. artil lery, conductor, Messrs. John Hooke and P. Price, assistants; Messrs. Hudson and Morrow, physicians. The third party, consisting of 1,070, started about 16th June, in wagons, for Waterloo, Alabama, where they were to be embarked in boats. The officers in charge of the party are Henry Bateman, conductor; Messrs. Goody and Standifee, assist ants; Messrs. Hoyle and Willoughby, physicians. "We understand the first party mentioned reached the Western Nation in 20 days, without the loss of a life. The second party is presumed to be near the borders of the Western Nation; and the third party has, perhaps, by this time, reached the Mississippi river.

"On account of the season, gen. Scott, on the 18th of June, suspended the emigration until the 1st of September next, at which time vigorous operations will be commenced; in the mean time, nothing will be done except to subsist the Indians at different depots."

civil war has caused, and the unanimous voice f
the people calls for public happiness by the main-
tenance of peace and order.
Were the latter not based on such solid founda.
tions, the differences of the republic with the
French government would draw down general ex
ecration upon the seditious. The friendly rela
tions which existed with France have been inter
rupted, its naval forces now blockade our most im-
portant harbors, and commit other hostilities. The
ultimatum of the French minister is as inadmissa-
ble as the dignity and honor of the Mexican na-
tion are invariable. Consequently, the negocia
tions have become complicated, and the difficulties
on both sides have reached the highest point, in
spite of the loyal efforts and intentions of the go-
vernment of the republic to prevent these alterca
tions by honorable measures for both countries.

As congress is already informed of the pretensions of the French government and the grave injuries and offences which the nation have suffered from its hostilities, it cannot fail to appreciate at its proper value the prudent and dignified conduct of the executive. If honor were not the dearest From the New York American of the 23d inst. attribute of a free republic, or if a war between two As we have seen several statements implying friendly powers were less prejudiced to our interthat these Indians were still dissatisfied, and sub-ests and welfare, it might be thought that the goject, in consequence, to harsh treatment by the vernment should have inclined to one of those exforces ordered to superintend their emigration, we tremes which it has ever sought to avoid. But take pleasure in imparting, on unquestionable au- you, gentlemen, are well impressed with the adthority, the following facts: vantages of that system of firmness and moderation which has obtained that respect which the name of the republic merits for the preservation of its peaceful relations with foreign powers.

The hostilities committed by the French naval forces, and the blockade suffered by our ports, would have justified the severest reprisals on the part of the republic. But, gentlemen, since the government has firmly established the nation, it has thought it best to conciliate the French cabinet by its generous moderation, that it may adopt another line of conduct more consonant with decorum and the interest of both countries.

The whole of the Cherokees were, on the 31st ult. collected in four camps-of whom eight thousand were around the head quarters of gen. Scott, and the remainder, about four thousand, in three other camps-in addition to three thousand sent off to the west in June. They are perfectly content to enigrate as soon as the cool season shall return.The general takes care to see them well fed and well clothed, furnished with tents, physicians, medicines, and hospital stores. The camp is about 12 miles by 4-covered with wood and shade-and supplied with 40 or 50 good springs and running streams, with the beautiful High-wassee river I cannot decide with certainty what will be the touching it on one side. The Indians are cheerful, termination of these unhappy differences, but I can and confide unreservedly in the general, who has assure you that whatever it may be, it will comsucceeded in making an arrangement with them, port with the dignity of the Mexican nation. Disby which they are to conduct the emigration them posed to sustain, in case of emergency, a war selves, the government furnishing, from time to which we shall not have provoked, and desirous of time, upon the general's requisitions, out of the pur- an honorable peace between Mexico and France, chase money stipulated to be paid to the Indians-the policy to be pursued by us under such circum. amounting to more than six millions of dollars stances, cannot be questionable. funds for carrying on the removal. The chiefs and head men are already engaging wagons and organizing parties for the land route. Two regiments only, the 4th infantry and 3d artillery, are retained by the general, rather for protection to the Indians than as a guard over them. The militia are all discharged. No sentinels are posted over any of the Indian camps, and none are wanted. The Indians not only do not attempt escape, but they could not be driven away.

You are aware that the United States have ac

cepted the arbitration of a friendly power, proposed to them by the government of the republic, for the re-establishment of the amity and harmony so unfortunately interrupted. If I have deplored the unhappy state of our relations, I have never doubted that that cabinet will aid in the rational and just accommodation of the philanthropic sentiments existing between Mexico and the United States. I am now far from reviving the mutual complaints We rejoice in being able to communicate these which have been made. Let the two governments facts, which soften so much the rigor of the deci-apply themselves entirely to a definite and satisfacsion that dooms these Indians to deportation, and toy arrangement, by which the differences which which redound so much to the honor of general have en langered the continuance of peace with our Scott. neighbors, may be forgotten. The neutrality law lately passed by the two houses of the American congress, and the assurances given to our minister, should satisfy us with respect to their frank and sincere intentions.

MEXICO.

The following is the speech of president Bustamento, delivered at the close of the session of the national congress on the 30th, of which we published an extract in the last "REGISTER."

From the Hamillon (Tenn.) Gazette, August 9. The conference between gen. ScOTT and the The friendship of the republic with the other Cherokee council is at length ended. The chiefs European and American powers, has extended to of the nation have undertaken the transportation Gentlemen: The constitutional term which fin- Belgium, and the new state of the equator. Their of the remainder of the people to their new homes. ishes this day, presents circumstances as important governments have sent plenipotentiaries fully accreIt is now a national movement on the part of the for the republic as they are worthy the attention dited to accomplish negotiations with a view to Indians, and for the first time there is something and examination of its legislators. Whether the give an impulse to commercial transactions with like a unanimity of feeling and concurrence of the internal condition of the country or its external re- those countries. The government of the republic whole tribe. They have agreed on their part, to lations be considered, you will discover during the will receive them with all the attention which the furnish all the subsistence and means of transpor- period which has transpired since January of the reciprocal advantages they will confer, and the protation that may be necessary to render the Indians present year, the favor of Providence and the pro-gress of our foreign relations alike merit. comfortable on their journey to the west, and to tection which it has dispensed among us to secure I regret sincerely that I cannot announce to you commence the removal by the first of September, the peace and the renown of Mexico among civil. the opening of the campaign of Texas. Your wis in detachments of about one thousand each, and, ized nations. Turn your eyes, gentlemen, to the dom will enable you to appreciate the incapability after the departure of the first, to have every con- difficulty in which we are now involved, and re- of the government to overcome all the difficulties in secutive detachment to start in a very few days.flect upon the numerous embarrassments we have the case. Fortunately, they all depend upon acciIt is computed that all the Indians can be removed dental circumstances, which will ultimately disap. in twelve detachments, and that the last will leave pear and leave the government free to employ its by the 20th of October. General Scott, on the resources and power in restoring the integrity of its part of the government, has agreed to allow sixty- Tranquillity is being re-established; and the territory. five dollars per head for removal, and furnish in bands of rebels who succeeded temporarily in dis- The stagnation of foreign commerce, although it advance one-half of the amount. Each detach- turbing it in certain quarters, have been discom- has severely affected all its ramifications, has likement will be conducted exclusively by their own fitted by the arms of the republic. The paltry few wise demonstrated the internal resources of the napeople, accompanied by one or two physicians, that remain will soon disappear, and the safety of tion, and the necessity of a system of internal afwho will, we suppose, receive their appointments the public roads and villages be perfectly estab-fairs by which the revenue of the administration from general Scott, with the concurrence of the lished. It must be a source of satisfaction to the may be provided for. This labor, so worthy of the chiefs. Until the departure of each detachment, national representatives that the rebellion has been house, would terminate the necessities of the treathe Indians are to be subsisted by the government. so promptly put down. The reflection that the sury. To remedy this evil as much as possible Thus is settled, we hope forever, one of the most good sense of the people opposes invincible obsta- should be one of the first objects of your attention. difficult and complex questions which the govern- cles to seditions, is a still greater cause of congratuI must not omit the wants which for many years ment has had to contend with since the last war.- lation. All concur in regretting the evils which the greater portions of the officers and valiant troops

overcome, and upon the necessity of general and
constant co-operation, in order to ward off those
evils which may otherwise afflict our country

24,200 00

3,000 00

2D SESSION 25TH CONGRESS.
H. R. 224.

For the civil and diplomatic expenses of the govern
ment for the year 1838.
For pay and mileage of the mem-
bers of congress and delegates
For pay of the officers and clerks of
the senate and house of represen-
tatives

For stationary, fuel, printing, and
all other contingent expenses of

107,850 00

3,500 00

3,950 00

12,500 00

300 00

9,100 00

29,623 00

11,700 00

10,000 00

101,400 00

9,500 00

13,250 00

350,000 (0

3,000 CO

1,050 00

356,863 00

25,000 00

10,000 CO

58,500 00

6,500 00

3,000 00

15,000 go.

2,000 00

20,000 00

250 00

4,000 00

12,000 00

3,361 42