special excitement in the city. It was effected without any parade, and as a matter of course. We are truly gratified that Cincinnati has led the way in the west in the resumption, and that our banks prove their ample preparation and ability to pay specie, by anticipating the day agreed upon by the banks in the state, by full a week. We imagine, now that all the banks pay specie, no one will care to demand it, unless for a special purpose. taking the name of the United States bank at New murders in Georgia, an account of which appeared Resumption in Philadelphia. The banks in Philadelphia resumed specie payments for all their liabilities on Monday, in due course. Remarking upon the subject, the Philadelphia Herald says: The annexed paragraph on the same subject, There was nothing like "a run" upon the banks for from the Journal of Commerce, is rather at variance specie. The calls were most numerous at the U. with the foregoing, on the point of proprietorship: States Bank. The reason of this is found in the Mr. Biddle's branch. George Griswold, esq. of fact that the city certificates of loan-that is, small this city, and Richard Alsop, esq. of Philadelphia, bills, are now redeemable in specie at that bank. have deposited in the proper office the requsite The whole amount drawn out of the bank was about certificate for a bank of one hundred thousand doleighteen thousand dollars-about one half of which lars capital; not two hundred thousand as reported was for city certificates. One individual drew out in some papers. The bank is to be called "The one hundred dollars in specie, but finding it heavy Bank of the United States in New York." This and cumbersome, came back before he had got fairly is understood to be only a legal method of introducinto the street, and asked for a hundred-dollar bill ing the proposed branch of the Pennsylvania bank in exchange for it. of the United States. The amount of capital mentioned in the certificate, is of course only suited to accomplish this purpose, and is no indication of the real strength of the institution. Tennessee banks. The Nashville Whig of the 5th instant, announces that the banks of that city will resume on or before the first day of January; and the probability is that that day will be forinally fix ed upon and officially announced on the return of the presidents of the Planters' and Union Banks from the east. The District banks resumed payment on Monday. contain the official notification that the banks of Boston banks. The Boston papers of Saturday that city would resume specie payments in full on Monday, the 13th. The resumption in Philadelphia is thus noticed in the U. S. Gazette of yesterday: Specie payments. Yesterday was a memorable day to this city, and, perhaps we may say, throughout the union. The resumption of specie pay. ments by the banks was without commotion, with out injury to themselves, and without inconvenience to the mercantile part of the community. Much anxiety has been felt as to the effect which the resumption was to have upon the specie funds of the banks, and we accordingly took some pains to ascertain the state of businesss shortly before the time of closing the banks for the day; and we are happy to state that there was not in any of the banks where we inquired, the least reason for be lieving that any unkindness of feeling was indulged by the community. The demands for specie were few and light, confined, as it was evident, to the wants which the community felt for change. The bank of the United States, it was thought, would feel the pressure upon the specie the most severely, but even there, nothing was seen to lead any one to believe that a run was attempted. The whole amount of specie paid out was short of seventeen thousand dollars, of which between eight and nine thousand were for corporation notes, principally of the denomination of one dollar. The largest sum demanded was three hundred dollars, and nearly the whole amount paid out was in small sums of from one to ten dollars. We heard in the course of the morning, that certain persons having a few dollars in U. S. Bank notes, demanded and received specie therefor, which they took to the brokers in the expectation of gaining three per cent., and were mortified and astonished to learn that the very circumstance which enabled them to receive silver for their paper, rendered that paper as valuable as silver. This probably checked a small run. [EXTRACT] "Camp Wilds, (Geo.) July 23d, 1838. "Forty-five miles northwest of Centreville, on Sunday morning, a man came full speed into camp with the cry of Indians. I asked where. He said about 5 miles off, thot he had just removed a family who heard the report of guns and the screams of people. We were in our saddles in a few moments, and under full speed to the spot where the alarm originated; and O, God! of all the scenes I ever saw, or ever wish to see, presented itself to view. On reaching the ground, a man, wife, and four chil dren of his own, and two of his own sister's had fallen by the Indians. Three children of the six were alive when we reached the spot, one about 3 years old had been shot through the abdomen, and lay asleep on the dead mother, another about 10 rods from the mother. But, O, horrid to tell, I found a fine young lady of 18, shot in two places and dirked in another, with about 20 hogs around her, and she yet alive and had her senses perfectly. This was the most trying time I had ever seen. I gave her cold water which she wished much, and remained with her as long as I could, till obliged to go in search of the Indians. We left a guard to protect them, and administer to them all that they could, but all expired in less than twenty minutes after we left. Resumption in Baltimore. From the "Patriot" of Tuesday. As mentioned in our last, the day fixed upon for the formal and general resumption of specie payments, passed in Baltimore almost unnoticed. The call for specie at the banks, vary little if at all exceeded the accustomed call for change, in The Indians scattered in all directions, and it was actions. A ten or five, and occasionally two or three them about 25 miles, and until further pursuit could specie paying times, for the ordinary business transsome time before we could find the trail; we followed city corporation dollar bills, presented for the pur- not be had, having then gone into the Okafanoka, pose of getting small change, was in a general way as far as white men could well go. We left our the amount of the "offerings" at the several banks, horses and waded nearly to our hips in mud for in this city, yesterday. It is in fact altogether proba- two miles, which was as much as we could stand. in possession of a larger amount of coin at the end, We returned that night, found all buried, eight in number, in one grave. We returned to camp, then of the week of resumption, than they had at the beginning-and that, as the public know, was camp, but now camp Wilds, that being the name of the murdered family. Two children escapabundant for all useful purposes. It is not antici-ed-one of them says a white man was with the Inpated, therefore, that the act of resumption can, in diaus, and caught him-asked him why he did not these latitudes, produce any stricture in the money run; the boy told him he would, if he would let market. Thanks to the past prudence of dealers him go-which the man did. Said now damn you, and bankers, there have been no preturnatural exrun, and so he escaped. On our return we found pansions with us, and there are therefore no painful all the families had removed to our encampment. contractions necessary. ble that the banks in Baltimore will find themselves We are making arrangements to scour the country about Fort Fanning and its vicinity. In haste, the express waiting, with respect, your obedient N. DARLING, lieut. 2d dragoons. Resumption in Virginia. The Richmond Whig IMPORTANT FROM FLORIDA. The following The following letter, from our fellow citizen col. James Gadsden, says the Tallahassee Floridian of the 4th inst. gives an account of another horrid murder committed by savages near Bailey's Mills, a few miles from col. G.'s, entirely within the fron tier border. An express to the governor, received on Thursday, states that two Indian arrows were found in the breast of a small girl, one of the victims. One of the arrows was brought up by the express, which we saw. It is about three feet in length-the barb of iron about 2 1 2 inches long and one inch in width, thin and sharp at the point. Wednesday morning, Aug. 1, 1838. To the editor of the Courier. Correspondence N. Y. American. Camp in E. Florida, July 19th, 1838. Sir: Unfortunate Florida has again become the scene of those perilous excitements, by which, for so long a period, her citizens have been agitated. It would seem that the Seminoles, in whatever degree diminished in number, or humbled in pride, are far from being conquered. The citizens in the vicinity of the Santa Fee and Suwanee are under the necessity of abandoning their crops and retiring to the forts, or of incurring the imminent risk of being murdered on their plantatious. The son of a Mr. Gwinn came recently into camp saying, that the Indians had attacked his father's house, and he had left father fighting them." Capt. Dade, with his company of the 2d dragcons, immediately galloped to the spot, which was but a few miles above, on the bank of the Sante Fee; but on arriv. To the editor of the Floridian: ing there, the warfare, such as it had been. was Sir: The early part of last evening, Mr. Single-over. The house was deserted. A trail of blood, tary, his wife and two children were shockingly leading from the yard to a neighboring field, was murdered in this neighborhood. But one of the pursued, and, after passing over a fence, the father It was reported yesterday morning, that large family, a girl about 5 years of age, miraculously was discovered lying dead a few paces beyond. demands from New York were to be made upon escaped, to tell the melancholy tidings of her pa- This fence he must have climbed after he was the Philadelphia banks for specie. The demands rents and sisters. She says the deed was perpe- wounded, as the marks of blood upon it corresponded came, and the United States Bank, in settlement of trated by Indians, accompanied by one or two co- with two wounds which he had received in each balances, gave the New Yorkers a check upon New lored persons. Major Dearborn, with volunteers thigh. The Indians evidently pursued him to the York for the whole amount, say about half a mil- from the neighborhood, is in the search for the fence, and from there fired on him again, since, lion-not a dollar of specie changed place. We murderers, but as they had a whole night in ad- from the nature of a third and fatal wound, he must congratulate the community upon this state of vance to escape, it is not probable that their trail have fallen upon the spot where it was received. things. can be followed, or the party be overtaken. ComThe New York Express, second edition of Monments are unnecessary. day afternoon, has the following paragraph touching the last new bank: We stated in yesterday's paper, that Messrs. Alsop & Griswold had made a deposite of stock, in compliance with the new law relative to banking, The facts, to be more explicit, are, that Richard Alsop, of Philadelphia, and George Griswold, of this city, have deposited $200,000 in stock, and taken a certificate from the county clerk, author. izing them to bank under the general banking law, The contest waging in Florida with the Seminoles has assumed so erratic and guerilla a character, as to require the vigilance and activity of every individual to bring it to a close. No one can anticipate whose house or whose family may be the next victims. Yours, JAS. GADSDEN, From the Jacksonville Courier of the 9th inst. The following is an extract from a letter, to the editor, giving further particulars of the late Indian On examining the premises further, the lifeless and disfigured remains of Mrs. Gwinn were discovered contiguous to those of her husband. She was not scalped, but was made the victim of a cruelty deeper and more refined. The wretches had dashed out the brains of her infant, and placed the mangled innocent in its mother's arms. There she lay, the murdered mother, fondling with the icy em. brace of death her murdered child. The remains of these unfortunate victims of savage cruelty were hastily collected and deposited in a common grave, after which capt. D. résumed the line of march, pursuing the trail of the relentless and flying foe. Success seemed to smile upon the efforts of himself and men, until they had traversed the distance of twelve miles, when every vestige of the trail suddenly disappeared. It was in vain that the horsemen rode around the spot which bore the last impression of the moccasin; the instinct of the red man once more proved a successful antagonist to the education of the white. From this spot, as a centre, the hostiles had separated along the different radii of a circle, whose circumference was the surrounding hammock, and the pursuers were under the necessity of returning to camp, bringing with them nothing but the detail of their melancholy and unsuccessful mission. Yours, &c. MOUNTED VOLUNTEER. aid of that further legislation, the necessity and The president expects that exertions corrrespond- LEVI WOODBURY, UNITED STATES AND MEXICO. It is stated that Mr. Martinez, the Mexican minister, has been detained at New Orleans, waiting for full powers from his government to negotiate with ours, concerning a settlement of all points in dispute, by mediation It is only within a few days that the credentials were received. The minister is expected forthwith at Washington. The king of Prussia, it is said, has been thought of as mediator. NEW GRANADA. From the Journal of Commerce. Gen. Francisco de Paula Santander, ex-president of New Granada, is now a member of the house of representatives of the same republic, and occupies the station of speaker. "The war early ended." Within the last ten days we have heard of the murder of not less than half a dozen of our citizens by the Indians, and yet we are told the war is nearly ended." It is true a number of the hostiles have been captured and removed out of the country, but there are numbers yet left sufficient to baffle all the efforts of our troops. Our citizens have no security on the frontier, and they are either compelled to abandon their homes, and suffer starvation, or remain with almost! a certainty of being massacred by the savages. Many of our frontier settlers would gladly avail themselves of the scanty pittance for their families which would be received by volunteer service in the army, but their propositions are met with the reply that there are troops in service already sufficient. The best evidence we have to disprove this, is the fact of the frequent depredations and murders committed by the savages, and is, we think, suffciently conclusive The government have mostly withdrawn their supplies, and commenced calcu lating the expense of protecting the defenceless citizen, as though the value of human life could be estimated by the pitiful calculation of dollars and cents. For the honor of our country and the cause of humanity, it is time this course was abandoned. In relation to the fugitive Creeks, it is true seve The cominission appointed to carry into effect the ral companies of regular troops have been in con-objects of the convention of 23d December, 1834, stant service since their escape; neither have they for a division of the national debt of the old repubor their officers lacked energy or industry-they lic of Colombia, was installed at Bogota on the 25th have scoured the country on foot, carrying their of April. It consists of Sr. Santos Michelena on provisions on their backs, till they have worn out the part of Venezuela, Sr. Francisco Marcos on the their clothing and almost their persons-and failed for nearly two months in discovering scarcely any trace of the runaways. Their recent discovery, on the banks of the Oclocknee, prove, however, that the Indians have been in the country, from which A decree was issued at Bogota on the 25th of nothing but a very superior force to that now in the April, granting a full and free pardon to all persons field will be successful in dislodging them. We who, since the publication of the constitution, and conceive such policy to be most wretched and cer- prior to the 1st of January last, were implicated in tainly most expensive. The war is protracted; the any conspiracy, treason, or sedition; and this withcountry laid waste-our citizens murdered, and their out reference to the question whether they had left property scattered to the four winds of heaven-our the country, or were in process of trial, or actually national character disgraced at home and abroad, suffering the penalties of condemnation. The same and our whole army successfully foiled in all its at pardon is extended to deserters from the army and tempts to remove the most worthless of all the In-navy. In order to avail themselves of this pardon, dian tribes from one of her territories. How long such a state of affairs will continue, heaven only knows. [Tallahassee Floridian of July 13. part of Equador, and Sr. Rufino Cuervo on the part of the province in which they should first land on | 44 Among these were Sir John Macdonald, K. C. B., adjutant general of the British army, and Sir John Colbourne, G. C. B., commander-in-chief of the military forces in Canada. PROMOTIONS IN THE BRITISH NAVY. 60 50 35 12 Mates to be lieutenants, Total number promoted, THE POTTAWATTAMIES. An Indian council with the Pottawattamies of the Wabash, was held by colonel Pepper at Plymouth, Indiana, July 17th. Sangoaw, the chief, expressed, in very explicit terms, their unwillingness to quit for the west. 'Sangoaw said: My chiefs have all heard and considered upon what you told us, and you shall hear what they now say. When you asked my chiefs an expression of their opinion relative to removal, they were glad, and appointed this day to give you an answer. My father-You have asked my chiefs and all present to go west of the Mississippi-they have all told me to say they would not go. The Great Spirit desires us to live in peace with all men. We want the United States to pay us our annuity, and we dont know but that we will get our land back again, and this is the reason my chiefs are not willing to go west of the Mississippi. We were glad when you mentioned our great father the president. He does not wish to be at variance with any one, and neither do we. My father-We heard what you said yesterday, and you have heard what we have just said. We do not want you to say any more on the subject, for if you do, we will not listen to it. The Indians then immediately arose and departed from the council. BLACK HAWK. The fourth of July was celebrated at Fort Madison, (Iowa.) Among the invited guests, says the Fort Madison Patriot, the old Indian chieftain, Black Hawk, stood pre-eminent. He was decently clothed in citizen's dress, and we have never seen him show to better advantage. During the interview he made a short speech, which will be found below. Messrs. Hall and Brierly, two good interpreters, were present and took notes. By their politeness we are enabled to lay before our COURT OF INQUIRY. Maj. gen. Gaines has as-readers this speech, which is a correct translation, sembled a court of inquiry, by request of maj. Cross-verbatim et literatim. man, at St. Louis, to enquire into some alledged misconduct of the last named gentleman. On the 13th ult. the court met, but adjourned over to the 31st, in consequence of a dispute as to rank between majors Hitchcock and Noel, who were to compose a part of the court. however, the parties interested, if within the limits of the republic, were required to present themselves to the governor of the province in which they were, within 40 days after the publication of the decree FROM THE CHEROKEE COUNTRY. Athens, Ten in said province; and if out of the republic, within nessee, July 25. General Scott and colonel Whit-six months from the 26th of April, to the governor ing visited our town last week, and we had the plea sure of an interesting interview with the general. He contradicts the rumors that have been put in circulation of the great sickness and mortality amongst the Indians. There is not more sickness amongst the Indians than might ordinarily take place amongst any other people under the same circumstances. The Indians are encamped over a space of about forty square miles; are well provid. ed for, with wholesome provisions, good physicians and medicines, and conduct themselves very discreetly. A few of the North Carolina Indians at first concealed themselves in the mountains, but they are now all coming in. The general speaks well of the chiefe. He says they have used their influence in procuring the Indians to come in and submit peaceably to the terms of the treaty, and have also aided him in maintaining good order in the encampments. [Journal. TREASURY CIRCULAR. St. Louis, August 2. Owing to the personal difficulty which occurred on the 31st ult. and mentioned in our paper of yesterday, as having transpired at the adjournment of the court, major Crossman was considered as under an arrest, and until this is disposed of by a court-martial, no further proceedings can be had in the court of inquiry. The court, therefore, adjourned over to some future day. [Rep. After the regular toasts were drank, the following was offered by one of the company: Our illustrious guest, Black Hawk-May his declining years be as calm and serene as his previous life has been boisterous and full of warlike incidents. His attachment and present friendship to his white brethren fully entitle him to a seat at our festive board. After the above toast was drank Black Hawk arose and made the following remarks: Black Hawk's speech. It has pleased the Great Spirit that I am here to-day-I have eaten with my white friends. The earth is our mother-we are now on it-with the Great Spirit above us-It is good. I hope we are all friends here. A few winPROMOTIONS IN THE BRITISH ARMY AND NA-ters ago I was fighting against you-I did wrong To collectors and receivers of public money. VY. From the Army and Navy Chronicle. The perhaps, but that is past-it is buried-let it be forTreasury department, July 14, 1838. accession of a sovereign to the throne in any of gotten. Congress having adjourned without making any the governments of Europe, is usually attended additional provisions for the security or safe keeping with the creation of a number of new peers, and the of the public money, it is obvious that in the present promotion of officers in the army and navy. Thus state of the laws and the banks, an unusual responsi- we see, that after the coronation of queen Victoria, bility devolves upon those who collect the revenues this custom was not forgotten. Besides the knights, of the general government. The difficulty in ob- baronets, earls and dukes, in whom our readers taining suitable depositories for it, as well as in trans- take little interest, the promotions in the army and ferring or paying it out conveniently, without the navy were almost as numerous as the aggregate of Rock river was a beautiful country-I liked my towns, my cornfields and the home of my people. fought for it. It is now your's--keep it as we did it will produce you good crops. I I thank the Great Spirit that I am now friendly with my white brethren-we are together-we have eaten together-we are friends-it is his wish and mine. For your friendship I thank you. SIOUX AND CHIPPEWAS. The Detroit Daily Advertiser of the 4th inst., mentions that a letter from Fort Snelling to a gentleman in that city, dated July 12th, states that the Chippewas and Sioux had a brush quite recently on the Chippewa river, which terminated in the death of one Sioux and five Chippewas. One of the latter was roasted and eaten by the former. The above letter also ob serves that a severe thunder storm occurred at Fort Snelling on the 9th, in which a man (name not given) was killed. The rain fell over five inches on the level. I was once a great warrior-I am now poor. ¡ worn-out, hackneyed, barefaced, up and down lie, because it is a privation rather than an infliction. Ke-o-kuk has been the cause of my present situa- which was first broached by an American ship cap- It is mild, and acknowledged as such by the offend. tion-but I do not attach blame to him. I am now tain who never told truth; but by mistake, we sup-ers themselves after the first irksomeness of solitude old. I have looked upon the Mississippi since I posed had ceased to be circulated. But it appears has passed, especially if they have passed previously have been a child. I love the great river. I have we were mistaken. It is yet said that the former through several other prisons or penitentiaries. - dwelt upon its banks from the time I was an infant. babits of the people were so licentious that none of Solitary confinement at labor is decidedly a calm I look upon it now. I shake hands with you, and their children live. This falsehood is too gross and punishment. as it is my wish, I hope you are my friends. unreasonable to require a serious refutation. If it 3. It is emphatically graduable and accommodawere necessary, an accurate classification of the ble as no other species of punishment. The offendages of the inhabitants of the colony would give as er, undisturbed by others, or by new inflictions of large a number of living children born in the colony, punishment, receives from solitude just that im as perhaps any population in the world, of equal pression which his peculiar case or disposition calls number. The rice tub of many a father declares, for or is capable of. in language the most unequivocal, that the above 4. Advice and exhortation can be adopted to each is the grossest slander. The first child that was single case in no other punishment, so precisely and born here is now alive, and James Branden is his justly like moral medicine, as in solitary confinename, and sixteen years is his age, and a sturdier ment. The religious adviser, assistant and comforter | little urchin there is not to be found. How abash-can enter the solitary cell at any time, and, as all ed would the slanderer be, if he is capable of blush-religious conversations with a convict must have ing, if he could only see the said James Branden much of the character of a confession, the undisbaring his head to the scorching rays of a vertical turbed cell, overheard by no one, is the very place sun, and throwing off the heat as indignantly as we for this converse. In no other penitentiaries can LIGHT HOUSES, &c. From the Army and Navy do the slanders, back in the teeth of those that at this religious instruction be given effectually. Chronicle. Under the provisions of the act, approv-tempt to heap them upon us." 5. Solitude is the weightiest moral agent to make ed July 7, 1838, "making appropriations for buildthe thoughtless thoughtful-to reflect, and the only ing light houses, light boats, beacon lights, buoys, one sufficiently powerful for the criminally thoughtand making surveys, for the year 1838," the coast less. Solitude has been sought by the wisest and of the United States has been divided into eight best of mankind, to prepare themselves for great districts, and the following named officers of the moral tasks; it is the only means to bring the of navy assigned to the duty of making the necessary fender to a more rational course. Labor united examinations, surveys, and reports: with solitude gives steadiness to the thought, and makes it possible to support solitude with ease for those who have not been accustomed to abstract reflection before. Capt. L. Rosseau, from Sabine river to Key West. Com. E. P. Kennedy, from Key West to Norfolk. Lieut. W. D. Porter, from Norfolk to New York. Lieut. G. M. Bache, from New York to Newport. Lieut. E. W. Carpender, from Newport to Boston. Lieut. T. J. Manning, from Boston to Eastport. Lieut. C. T. Platt, northern lake boundary, east of Detroit. Lieut. J. T. Homans, do do west of Detroit. GOVERNOR KENT AND THE BOUNDARY. The Bangor Whig brings us the following important information relative to the intentions of the governor of Maine. Mr. Kent is in earnest, and the bitterest of his opponents will by and by be compelled to do justice both to the wisdom and policy of his administration. "We understand,” says the Whig, "that the executive government of the state are taking measures to have every thing in readiness to run the north-east boundary line, according to the treaty of '83, on the first of next month. We sup pose the course taken will be, to appoint commissioners to proceed to run the line. If they meet with no resistance from the provincial authorities, well and good; if they do, measures will be taken to protect the commissioners by a competent military force. Already the attention of the adjutant general has been invited to the subject." [Boston Allas. GAMBLING ON THE WESTERN WATERS. This is a most important as well as a most alarming subject; and we trust the authorities of Illinois and other western states will enact such laws as shall suppress a demoralizing vice, which, as will be seen, too often leads to assassination and murder. The Grafton (Ill.) Backwoodsman, has an article on the prevalance of gambling on board the steamers in the western rivers. It records the death of several individuals in an unaccountable manner, and the following extract shows a state of morals almost too depraved for belief. STEAMBOAT RACING. The Cleveland Herald of the 31st ultimo, has the following statement respecting a recent steamboat race on Lake Erie. We publish it in order that travellers may avoid taking passage in boats the commanders of which are so reckless of human life. American House, Cleveland, July 31, 1838. Messrs. Editors: I wish to avail myself of the columns of your paper, for a word of caution to the travelling public. After the many and melancholy disasters that have of late occurred in our steamboat navigation, I should suppose that respect for their own reputation, would be a sufficient guarantee for the future discreet conduct of the officers of our steamboats. But not so. The steamers Buffalo, captain Allen, and Erie, captain Titus, left Buffalo, yesterday morning, about 10 o'clock, the Erie ahead The Butialo soon overtook her, and the two boats ran side and side for some time, and the officers of the Erie all the while changing baggage, ordering the passengers hither and hither to trim the boat-consum ing pitch, and afterwards grease, and making every possible effort to keep ahead of the Buffalo, but without success. Again at Erie, the two boats started bow and bow. The Erie got aground in coming out, and the Buffalo kept ahead until dark, when the Erie again came up, and the boats continued side by side for another hour. The Erie passed while the Buffalo stopped at Grand River to wood, and in order to save time, captain Titus of the Erie landed the passengers for Cleveland at two o'clock this morning at the Beacon light on the end of the pier! Men, women, and children were put off at the end of a narrow pier, 1,200 feet from land—surf break ing over its entire length, and this in the darkness of two o'clock at night! One passenger, an invalid on crutches, was obliged to wait there until morning because unable to hobble over the slippery planking, the pier being too narrow to admit of a carriage taking him away. Such conduct on the part of the captain of any boat is highly reprehensible, and the public ought to be cautioned to avoid such boats and officers as show themselves so reckless of life, and regardless of public sentiment. Yours, respectfully, C. A. LORD, PENAL SYSTEM OF PENNSYLVANIA. The ad- 6. It is the only punishment known, which does not irritate anew, does not challenge opposition in mind or body; for it is the only punishment which can dispense with the whip or other means of coercing to obedience, because it takes away the oppor tunity of offending anew, with the exception of such offences as destroying instruments or mate. rials, for which again the more negative disciplinary means of withholding labor or diminishing rations are sufficient. 7. It makes the lonely prisoner love labor as faithfully as the dearest companion-a companion who will be with him for life. 8. It does not deaden shame by exposure; on the contrary, it shames many into repentance by its absence of all harshness, as is frequently found. It does not inflict on those who have a strong sense of shame, the additional punishment of exposure. 9. It does not expose the convict to acquaintance, even by night, with other criminals, who out of the prison form a very compact fraternity, to escape from the clutches of which form the most difficult obstacle in the way of resuming an honest life. The history of innumerable convicts proves this. When ever recommitted convicts are asked, why, simply on the score of worldly prudence, they had not abstained from a second crime, they invariably answer: "You do not know these things; a u an leaving the prison, very often thinks, you shall not catch me again. He begins to work, when old acquaintances will come, induce one to drink and talk, and all will end by agreeing upon a new job. If one resists, he is ridí culed or threatened with exposure." No tiger's fang is so firmly buried in his victims flesh, as that of criminal acquaintance in the life of an offender. 10. It contradicts for the first time, by irresistible fact, the convicts in their belief that society is at war with them, in which they please themselves so much, that frequently they argue as if they were the hunted, the pursued, the injured. 11. The punishment has, therefore, an elevating character. It touches the man in the convict, not the brute. The convict sees himself treated as one on whom far different things than stripes can have an effect. 12. It is, perhaps, the only punishment which allows us to select men for superintendents of prisons in whom sternness does not overbalance kindness. "Numbers have come to the west, taken passage on board of a boat, and never been heard of again. In repeated instances within the last few years, letters have been addressed to us from a distance, with anxious inquiries for a friend, from whom no tidings had come since he was on the point of embarking on board of a boat. It was feared that he had fallen overboard, or died on the passage, and we were implored in the most affecting terms to seek intelligence of his fate. Our earnest endeavors in most We stated the other day, that we believed 13. It trains the convict in cleanliness, and paying instances have proved unavailing. Could the deep this system to be the best in the world, in all its attention to the neatness of his dwelling; it imparts and turbid waters of our rivers reveal their secrets. main feature-best not for the body only, but an attention to the room, which becomes the incithey would tell but too often the long silence of for the purification of heart and spirit, through pient stage of love of home, with those who have those absent friends. The midnight gambling, the "the castigation and severe reproof," of repentant lived in slouchy disregard of it. It is an old Eng. fierce quarrel, the dirk, the sullen plunge of the thoughts. The views of Dr. Leiber on this matter lish saying, full of meaning, "cleanliness is next to ghastly corse, with heavy weights attached, all are written with a knowing hand. With him, we godliness. A strictly cleanly man of the laboring follow in quick succession, and with the unerring conceive uninterrupted solitude and labor of equal classes will never be much exposed to offend against certainty that effect follows cause.' [Phil. Ing. importance for the following reasons, among others, the laws, as a disorderly, dirty person. Cleanliness. to which we should be pleased to see awarded the a highly important ingredient of national civilization, LIBERIA. We copy the following contradiction, widest currency and acceptance. is equally such in political reform. from the Liberia Herald, of a story that has been 1. It prevents effectually contamination, and it industriously circulated in the country, by the ene- alone can effectually prevent it. It allows, theremies of colonization, causing the impression that fore, the offender, at any rate, not to grow worse. the race of color from America soon become ex2. It is essentially both a stern and a humane tinct in Africa: [Nat. Intel. punishment; stern, because solitude is stern in its "We hear that a report is circulating in America character and especially so to men, who nearly Collector's office, Cleveland, Aug. 2, 1838. that there are very few children boru here, and of without exception have spent their lives in boister Of property on which toll is charged by weight, the few that are born, none live. Now, this stale,ous intercourse with fellow criminals; and humanc, there arrived at Cleveland, by way of the canal, OHIO CANAL COMMERCE. The editor of the Cleveland Herald has been politely favored with the following exhibit of the canal business at Cleveland for the month of July. The amount of toll received at this office during the past month is $12,249 84. During the corresponding month last year it was $10,136 37. D. H. BEARDSLEY, collector. The duties paid this year are less by $12,402 While the merchandize going up the canals has APPLICATION OF STEAM TO TRADING SHIPS. [N. Y. Evening Post. The British adiniral Ross has been appointed to the Pacific station. He arrived at Valparaiso on the 13th, with several commissioners from Buenos Ayres. It is said that he intends to use all his influence to effect some peaceable arrangement between the three governments. The U. S. schooner Boxer, lieut. Nicholson, arrived here on the 1st from Mazatlan, San Blas, and Acapulco. The Boxer, made a long stay on that coast, to protect American property. She sailed about 22d April from Mazatlan, and saw the American ship congress, of New York, clear out, bound for New York via Valparaiso, where she was to land the supercargo, a Mr. Comstock. She had upwards of two hundred thousand dollars on board. Mazatlan was in a very disturbed state on account of the civil war. The port was blockaded by a stnall Mexican brig. The Boxer left at San Blas H. B. M. ship Cleopatra, hon. capt. George Grey. She was to sail about the middle of May, with upwards of three million dollars, for England, via Valparaiso. United States ship North Carolina was at Callao, where she arrived on the 12th of April from Valparaiso. The Falmouth had sailed for the Intermedios, with Mr. Hodgson, bearer of our treaty. IMPORTANT DECISION. The Natchez Courier Two motions for new trials came up to-day be. fore judge Coalter presiding in the circuit court here, and were argued upon the following points. for mere convenience that the contract was not intentionally corrupt, but was made in good faith and valid. That moreover the law fixing the rate of interest attached no penalty in case of excess being taken, and that therefore the objection could not extend further than the actual excess, whatever it might be. The verdict of the jury was in favor of the plaintiff. The motion made for the new trial by judge that the verdicts were "contrary to law and eviMontgomery who defended the suits, was simply Mr. Ogden, the American consul at Liverpool, has of the 13th July has the following notice of some expressed his conviction, in a letter to a friend in important legal decisions which have just been Baltimore, (an extract of which has already appear-made there in the U. S. circuit court. ed in the papers,) that he could place an engine on BEAVER IN VIRGINIA. To the editor of the board of the ship Star, weighing, together with the Richmond Enquirer: As you have obliged me in boilers, from eight to ten tous, propelling the ship at every request I have made of you, I feel it but an the rate of six knots per hour, with paddle wheels act of justice and courtesy, to give you the infor- of six feet in diameter, and using not to exceed There were suits brought by the Planters' Bank mation you seem to desire (in a paragraph in your three tons of coal each day. The expediency of against separate individuals, endorsers upon propaper of the 8th inst.,) relative to the appearance such an application of steam could be better deter-missory notes, discounted, the one by the Planters' of the beaver, in the county of Surry, Va. It has mined by those disposed to examine the subject, by bank and the other by the United States branch long been known that these animals, to some ex- seeing the vessel and knowing the position on board bank at this place and transferred to the former. tent, remain in this part of the country-for in- ship, in which Mr. Ogden has proposed to place the The defence set up on the trial at the last term of stance, in 1832 or 3, I was on a visit to my only machinery. the court was, that the contracts were void, inasbrother, in the county of Sussex, residing contigu The ship Star is 600 tons burthen, commanded much as the banks in discontinuing the notes calous to the Nottoway river, on the south side. In by captain E. Glover, so long and favorably known culated interest by "Rowlett's interest tables" that year, he had joined a neighbor of his in the to the commercial and travelling community, is ly- which divided the year into 12 months of 30 days cultivation of a part of the estate of the late Dr.ing at the foot of Pine street, now loading to take each, giving it but 360 days, which necessarily gave Downman of that county. He invited me, upon her departure for New Orleans. She is a noble spe- more interest than the laws allow per annum." that occasion, on a particular day, to accompany cimen of the great strength, beauty of construction, That it was therefore a corrupt agreement and the him to that part of his then growing crop, which and perfection of ship building in this country-the contract consequently void. The plaintiffs' attor was chiefly corn; and upon arriving on the banks accommodation for passengers offering every in-ney urged that this was the general custom, adopted of the river aforesaid, he showed me the most am- ducement of the most luxuriously provided packets. ple proof of the existence of the beaver in that water, and innumerable instances of the most perfect paths at which they would come up the bank, pass through the fence, (always at the same place,) and oftentimes penetrate the fields for a quarter of a mile or more. I remember distinctly, that he told ine he had several times tried to stop the gap, which be found they passed in at, but never could; although he had been so particular as to have mauled, for that special purpose, hickory rails, and never had known them to fail of being cut in two in the course of two or three nights-particularly, at particular seasons of the year; and "loud and long," I remember, were his complaints of the ravages committed on his corn, at all stages of its growth, by this wonderfully mischievous and subtle animal; for, as he informed me, with all the pains he had taken, in which he had killed several otters and many muskrats, as yet, he had never been able to get a shot at a beaver, though they had been frequently seen. Well, in February of this year, my brother visited me, and I asked him if he had ever killed a beaver? to which, he replied no-but informed me, that a man, a blacksmith by profession, and a yankee," had removed to the county and settled on the identical land that he then cultivated, and that he had constructed steel traps of his own make, in which he had, up to that time, caught 3 or 4-two of which were of con- It was reported at Lima that the English admiral THE SACRAMENT NEAR THE HERMITAGE. From siderable size, much to the gratification of the Ross, who arrived at Valparaiso on the 13th of April, the American Presbyterian. Agreeably to the noneighboring farmers. For, to use his own remark, with the ships of the Pacific station, would inter- tice previously given, the senior editor of this these animals were more dreaded by the neighbor-pose his good offices to bring about a peace. It was paper, together with the rev. Mr. Smith, adminishood, near the bank of this river, than was ever even believed that the British minister, Mr. Mende- tered the sacrament of the Lord's Supper, last Sabthe blue-tail hawk by the fond dunghill hen with a ville, and a mission sent from Buenos Ayres, headed bath, in the church near the Hermitage. brood of chickens. For myself, sir, I am of the by general Guido, were co-operating for the same opinion that these animals are to be found in many result. sections of Virginia at this day. New Kent, my native place, for instance, has a bold run a few miles below the court-house, to all time known as the Beaver Dam run-So, also, Goochland and many other of the counties in Virginia, have places thus named. One thing, I assure you, I never passed the point named, in New Kent, since it was first shown me, now 30 odd years, but I thought, if I examined it at all, that I saw signs of the beaver. If therefore, these additional proofs of the existence of that animal, be thought of any service to you, you are at liberty to use them in any way you may see fit-however desultory and crude they may appear. I have but little doubt, that scientific aside. FROM THE PACIFIC. The editors of the New York Journal of Commerce have received, by way of Jamaica, Panama papers and letters to the 18th of June, containing advices from Callao to May 9th, and from Mazatlan to April 22d. Lima papers are only to the end of April. From a Panama paper of June 15th, the editor's translate the following paragraph: Panama, June 15th. Near the end of April, the dence," and he waived an argument on the subject. Chilian squadron arrived before Callao, to carry into S. S. Boyd, esq., the attorney for the plaintiffs ureffect the blockade of that port, as well as Chorril-ged at considerable length before the court this los and Ancon. The diplomatic agents were notified morning, that the verdicts ought not to be set of the same on the 26th. Up to the 9th of May, the blockading force consisted only of the corvettas Libertad and Valparaiso, the brigs Aquiles and Arequipeno, and two other vessels, whose names we have not yet learned. It was said they were to be reinforced by the Monteagudo and three other vessels. The transports Orbegoso, Hope, HemosaChilena, and an Austrian brig, brought 1000 men, who, it seems, are destined to the department of La Libertad. At what point the rest of the expedition, consisting of 4,000 men are to disembark, is not known. The command of it had been confided to general Bulnes, who was accompanied by the Peruvian generals Gamarra and Lafuente. Judge Coalter sustained the motion, and set aside the judgments upon the ground that the evidence was clear that the interest calculated upon the notes was done by the plaintiffs, knowing that that mode of calculation would give them a fraction over the stipulated terms of interest, allowing the year to contain 365 days. That it was therefore "corrupt" and that the court could not interfere to enforce the conditions of an illegal contract. The question will, I presume, go to the high court of errors and appeals before a final termina. tion. This church is known, on our Presbyterian records, by the name of Ephesus, and was erected Correspondence of the Journal of Commerce. many years since on the domain appertaining to the Panama, 18th June. Hermitage, principally by its venerable proprietor, We have no very fresh news from the south. Our the ex-president of the United States. It is beau last accounts are the 16th of April from Valparaiso, tifully located, and though not spacious, or even and 28th from Lima. Callao was blockaded by the finished, yet it is a delightful summer temple for Chilian squadron, and preparations were making in the calm and pure worship of God. Such, at least, Chili to send a strong expedition of about 5,000 inen it seemed to us during the services of the late solemagainst Peru. It seems that the two republics, nity. While such seasons are generally the most Buenos Ayres and Chili, are determined to crush joyous and elevating which believers can enjoy on the great power of Santa Cruz-who is represented earth, the one to which we have alluded afforded to have some inclination to make himself emperor. more than ordinary interest, because among several Money was very scarce, and business very dull, both interesting accessions to the church, was numbered in Lima and Chili, in consequence of the unsettled one peculiarly interesting-we mean the ex-presi state of the country. dent himself." sented to Mr. J. Kedglie, for his liberal and patriotic | student at Maysville, in Chatauque county, and Note. I am gratified to be able also to state that a similar offer has been made to the board by Mr. Kinslay, another patriotic citizen of Washington, and that the refusal of the senate of the United States to allow the monument to Washington to be erected on public ground has had the tendency to call out the patriotism and liberality of even adopt ed citizens. The contrast is certainly mortifying. G. W. After the crier had made proclamation for all persons to keep silence while his lordship, the queen's justice, pronounced the sentence of death,' Mr. justice Jones called over the names of four American citizens who had been tried under the act of the last session of the provincial parliament. The first was Linus Wilson Miller. After a brief recapitulation of the evidence, he asked whether he had any thing to say why sentence of death should moments he spoke, in a fine melodious voice, in not be pronounced on him. After pausing a few substance as follows: It may well be imagined that the scene was thrilling, when this veteran in years, and in the service of his country, professed allegiance to the Sovereign of all worlds, and promised eternal fidelity to Him who demands the homage of all created intelligences. How could it be otherwise? A form of no common appearance for inspiring veneration, was standing before the assembly. It was the form of one who had been long known as amongst the most distinguished of his country's generals-who had often perilled his life in her defence, and who, under God, had achieved one of the most memorable victories recorded in the annals of modern warfare. Nor is this all. The same venerable form had filled, RESIGNATION OF MR. WHITTLESEY. From the as a statesman, the highest seat in the government note below addressed to the electors of this congresof his country, and had been clothed with the highest sional district, it will be seen that Mr. Whittlesey civic honors which that country, in all its unequal- has resigned his seat in congress. This informa have any thing to offer why sentence of death "My Lord: Your lordship has asked whether I led freedom and independence, could bestow. tion will be received by his friends with less sur- should not be pronounced against me. He had passed through a life of most eventful prise than regret; for it is known to many of them the permission of your lordship, offer a few re. I shall, with scenes-he had returned to his own Hermitage-to that, for the last two elections, he would have dethe tomb of his beloved consort-to the few remain clined a poll for the same reason assigned for his marks, not, however, with a belief that I shall be ing friends of his former days-to some of the sur-resignation, but for the most earnest solicitation.-able, by any thing that I might say, to turn aside viving children of these friends, and in their view Mr. Whittlesey was first elected to congress in the the impending fate that awaits me. was about to pledge himself to become a soldier in fall of 1822, and for fifteen years in succession has "In reference to the statute under which I a new army, and to engage in the performance of represented this district, and discharged the incum- have been tried, I am under the full conviction that duties of higher importance than ever commanded bent duties of his office with a fidelity and devoted- it is unconstitutional, and in this opinion I believe I the attention of earthly thrones or confederated ness not surpassed by the representative of any dis- am sustained by some of the legal gentlemen now states. And to add, if possible to the impressive-trict in the union. His services were by no means present. I am of opinion that no statute aflecting ness of the scene, the partner of his adopted son, confined to the interests of his immediate constitu- the life of an individual, whether a subject or not, dear to him, indeed, as a daughter, together with a ents, but were of an extended and general nature. can be considered the law of the land until it shall beloved niece, were also about to seal with him And there is not a member of that distinguished have received the sanction of the sovereign. I their covenant, for the first time, to be followers of body, we are bold to say, whose loss would be more know, my lord, that under this act others have the Prince of Peace. The whole of the preparatory generally felt and sincerely regretted than that of suffered, and I have no reason to suppose that my service was deeply interesting; but when the time Mr. Whittlesey. [Western Reserve Chronicle. pleading its unconstitutionality will be any bar to arrived for him and his relatives, and friends, to the awful fiat which is about to fall from the lips arise and take their seats at the table of their asof your lordships. cended Redeemer, a scene of weeping gratitude and joy, seemed to pervade the whole congrega tion. Canfield, July 20, 1838. I resign to you the unexpired term that you elect- To see this aged veteran, whose head had stood erect in battle and through scenes of fearful bearing, bending that head in humble and adoring reve. rence at the table of his Divine Master, while tears of penitence and joy trickled down his care-worn cheeks, was indeed a spectacle of most intense Many esteemed friends in different parts of the moral interest. No one, indeed, could question the district have requested me to be a candidate for the sincerity of his profession of faith in the Son of 25th congress. The causes that led me to resign God. The whole world acquainted with him, whe- my present appointment control me in declining to ther friend or foe, must acknowledge that his lips be a candidate. have spoken in all his varied difficulties the meaning of his heart, and that his actions have always corresponded with his sentiments. May God bless and uphold him in his last days, and make them his most comfortable and happy days. And when the time of his departure shall arrive, may he come to his grave, not only full of years, but full of peace, joy, and holy triumph. In all real conversions to God, let us ever remember, that "it is not by might or power, but by my spirit, saith the Lord." To his grace then be all the glory. P.S. The health of the general has been generally comfortable during the season. WASHINGTON MONUMENT. At a meeting of the board of managers of the Washington National Monument society, held on the 19th ult., the following letter was received from Mr. J. Kedglie, offering the choice of three lots of ground in this city, for a site of the Washington monument: Your fellow citizen, E. WHITTLESEY. AFFAIRS IN CANADA. Toronto, (U. C.) August 6, 1838. On Friday several pleaded guilty, and William Yerks was tried and acquitted. On Saturday, William S. Wilson was tried and acquitted. The law of England, for high treason, requires that when a bill of indictment is found, the prisoner must be furnished with a copy of the bill, and with a list of all the jury that have been summoned to attend, and ten days must elapse before the trial can be brought on. A bill of indictment for high treason having been found, at the close of the week, against Jacob Beamer, of whom I have before spoken, he could not be tried forthwith, consequently the court determined to adjourn over for the coming ten days, and to postpone the farther trials until Beamer's case could be brought on. They therefore gave notice that the prisoners who had been tried should be brought up for sentence, together with those who had pleaded guilty. GEO. WATTERSTON, sec'y. July 18, 1838. "Gentlemen: I regret to learn, for the honor of the nation, that the senate of the United States have refused to grant a small piece of the public ground, within the city of Washington, for a site on which to build the national monument to the memory of the good, the great, and noble Washington-a name which has always appeared to me in the boldest re- About 1 o'clock the jury which had been out lief, and with which my feelings are so strongly iden- with the case of Wilson, returned with a verdict tified, a monument to his memory has engaged my of not guilty. The court then directed the sheriff mind for many years. Influenced by these feelings, to bring in those sixteen prisoners who were to be I, therefore, respectfully tender to the board of mana. sentenced. The sheriff expressed some doubts of gers a choice of lots in three of the most elevated the propriety of bringing in so large a number at and perhaps most eligible situations in the city for once. The judge very properly remarked that that purpose; the summit level of each being as there was no danger, that if the civil force was not high as the site of the capitol, and of unshifting sufficient, a detachment of the military were at ground. Either of these, if the board approve, I hand. About half past 1 o'clock, the prisoners shall be proud to grant, and glory in the deed. I came in, attended by a military and civil guard, have uniformly supported the society, having at- and were seated in the jury box. tended the original meetings tending towards its creation, and will go heart and hand to promote the object, while I have the pleasure to be, Very respectfully, In consideration of the above letter, by the board of managers, it was unanimously Resolved, That the thanks of this board be pre "I am indeed asked why sentence of death shall not be passed upon me. If I had done a deed worthy of death I would say let it come; but I declare to your lordship, that according to the dictates of my own judgment, I deserve neither death nor bonds. "I have not been guilty of the death of any one. I have taken from no one that which was not my own. I came not into your country to destroy its form of government. I came not upon its borders with arms in my hands. Young and inexperienced as I am, I was led into the error, for which I now stand convicted, by the advice of others. Had truth and justice prevailed, I should not now be called to stand before your lordships in peril of my life. "I say I stand convicted-but on what evidence has my conviction been obtained? Upon that of the perjured Doan, who has become an evidence for the crown to save his own life. True, there has been some other evidence against me, from persons who I believe intended to speak the truth, but they were in error. No doubt they were led astray from the necessary confusion of the mo ment. "When I became sensible of my error-when I found that it was better for me to return to my home-I was told that the lines could not be passed, and that if I forsook my party death would be my portion. Thus situated, what way was there for my escape? I appeal, my lord, to the lancers, whether I did not use my best exertion to stay the hand of the assassin. I appeal to every individual who was present at the attack upon the lancers, to say whether I did not do every thing in my power to prevent the death of any one, or the loss of any property. "I am here, before your lordship, convicted as a felon; but appealing to my own conscience, I avow to your lordship and to this whole court, that I cannot consider myself guilty of a felonious actyet if it is my fate to suffer death, I must bow to the mandate that decrees it." The judge asked the other three the usual question, and nothing being said, he proceeded to pronounce the sentence, prefacing it with some perti nent remarks, particularly addressing himself to Miller. He said it was apparent that his education should have led him to a different course than to be found with a baud of individuals, and with arms too, whose aim was to subvert the govern ment of a country with which he was not con nected, and one which was at peace with the United States, of which he was a citizen-that the I was favored with a very eligible seat, being view he had taken of the constitutionality of the close both to the bench and prisoners. I was sur-law he had transgressed, was not sound, and that prised to find so many of the prisoners very young it was as much the law of the land as any under men-and two or three looked more deserving the which the province was governed. ordinary chastisement of a parent, than the heavy The judge then ordered Linus Wilson Miller; penalty about to be adjudged them. Two or three George Cooley, Norman Mallory, and William are handsome, and with a few exceptions, nothing Reynolds, to be taken to the jail whence they came, unfavorable could be drawn from their appearance. and that on Saturday, the 25th day of August, They were all well dressed-Mille: in a suit of they be taken to the place of execution, and there black. He had been, you will recollect, a law be hanged by the neck until they are dead. |