charter which defines them." confederacy, can never be effected by any consti- annual report, as secretary of the treasury. of value taken from each citizen is measured by this tutional application of the limited powers conterred There appears to my mind so strong a resemblance, standard. Entire uniformity and exact equality in on congress. The want and the desire of uniformi- that I cannot forego the opportunity of introducing all contributions and exactions cannot be attained ty in this various currency, its elevation above, or to the notice of the committee the enumeration of really as well as nominally, but by the use of this depression below, the standard of the constitution, the legitimate objects of federal legislation con- connon, or constitutional standard or measure of its tendency to exclude gold and silver from circu- tained in that famous document: value. Specie payments of all debts and dues to lation, its useful or injurious functions in commer- "To give perfection to the industry of a country the government are the necessary result of requircial transactions, its agency in disturbing or derang. rich in the gifts of nature, and blessed in the bene- ing uniformity, and employing a common and ining the fair rate of exchange between different parts ficence of its government; to draw out its obvious variable standard. In addition to the argument of the union, neither from one, or all of these con resources, and seek constantly for new ones, ever resting on uniformity and a common standard, it siderations combined, can any power be derived to ready to unfold themselves to diligent inquiry, urged will be remembered, that neither the states or the congress over the subject. For correction and re- on by adequate motives; to augment the number federal government can make any thing but gold form in the character of the currency of the seve- and variety of occupations for its inhabitants; to and silver a tender in payment of debts. Should ral states, we must, under our forins of government, hold out to every degree of labor, and to every mo- the government receive the paper substitutes, issued rely upon the same authority which has bestowed dification of skill, its appropriate object and induce- in the dinerent states, in place of gold and silver, the privilege of creation and issue. For weal or wo, ment-these ranking amongst the highest ends of how can it with these preserve the public laith, in wisdom or in folly, constitutionally or unconstitu- legislation. To organize the whole labor of a coun- and fulfil all its engagements at home and abroad, tionally, the states have adopted this paper system; try, to entice into the widest ranges its mechanical according to the terms of the constitution? Should they have, respectively, exclusive jurisdiction in the and intellectual capabilities, instead of suffering the government receive paper at all, it ought to be regulation of their own issues, and each may wholly them to slumber; to call forth, whenever bidden, with a certainty, excluding every posibility of doubt exclude from circulation within its limits the issues latent ingenuity, giving to effort activity, and to of its immediate convertibility into gold and silver, of any or all the rest. Sir, I repeat that the great emulation ardor; to create employment for the and it ought to be so converted invariably before question of reform in local banks and currency, greatest amount of numbers, by adapting it to the disbursement. In such case, the government, as a the great question of a revisal of the whole system diversified faculties, propensities, and situations of matter of convenience to the tax payer, assists him of corporations-these great questions between re- men, so that every particle of ability, every shade in the process of converting his paper into that mepublican equality and aristocratic privilege-belong of genius, may come into requisition, is, in other diam required for the use of the treasury. to the states separately; and any attempt on the words, to lift up the condition of a country, to in- As an authority for the receipt and disbursement part of congress to interfere, regulate, control, or crease its fiscal energy, to multiply the means and of a paper currency, iny colleague [Mr. Garland] settle state policy, directly or indirectly, overtly sources of its opulence to imbue it with the elements relies upon the construction given to the act of 1789 or clandestinely, I denounce as an unwarrantable of general, as well as lasting, strength and prosperi- by Alexander Hamilton, then secretary of the treaexercise of power. Congress ought not to be per- ty." sury, and to the subsequent practice of the govern. mitted to divide with the states the glory of achiev- With an avowal of so many objects and purposes ment. In my opinion, sir, there has been a constant ing a radical reformation in their own peculiar local of federal legislation, with our state institutions nu- tendency to depart from the strict line of constituinstitutions, nor ought it to desire to participate in tionalized, and drawn, by consequence of compacts tional duty, in the administration of the finances, the crime of perpetuating existing abuses by inter- and agreements, within the cognizance of, and sub- from the commencement of the governmeni, which posing the agis of protection, upon the false and jected, it possible, to the decision of, the federal is inainly attributable to the unfortunate bias acquirslanderous suggestion that, under the cloak of re-judiciary, as cases in law or equity, arising under ed from the doctrines inculcated by Hamilton, under form, the democracy conceal the demon of destruc- the constitution and laws of the United State, what the imposing authority of the head of the treasury tion. Let the struggles for reform of state policy portion of the reserved rights of the states, inay we department. Hamilton's federal ideas were embe carried on, free from all unjust obstrusion and hope, will ultimately be saved from encroachinent, bodied and brought into practice in his management illegal interference on the part of this government. should these alarming doctrines obtain? Then the of the treasury, and in his systems of finance.I see with approbation that the eminent indivi- republicans of the present day, as did the republi- Against his constitutional constructions and his dual to whom is entrusted the executive power, has cans of '98, will have too much cause to express fiscal arrangements, the republican party Lave readopted this safe rule of conduct; and, in his adhe- their deep regret, "that a spirit has been manifest-gularly protested; and I cannot but think that iny rence to it, I trust confidently that he will be tri-ed by the federal government to enlarge its pow-colleague, as a republican, has made a most unforumphantly sustained. The states may, and doubters by forced constructions of the constitutional tunate reference. Instead of gold and silver in the less, will improve their currency; will cause it to approximate more nearly to the constitutional stand- In lieu of this scheme, which has so lately failed ard; will make it uniforin, and equivalent to gold with a most disastrous explosion, it is proposed in and silver within their own limits; and without, the bill before us, reported by the committee of must leave it to depend upon our good character at ways and means, to organize the treasury accordhome and the condition and wants of business. I ing to the requisitions of the constitution. My colwill not doubt both the inclination and wisdom of league [Mr. Garland] has candidly admitted that the states to accomplish, without federal dictation there is no constitutional objection to the plan which or prescription, the general reform so earnestly we, on our side, advocate, whilst the plan which he demanded by the state of public opinion. In the so zealously defends, is surrounded with insur-equivalent, then all the specific provisions of the confulness of time it will be accomplished. It is at a mountable difficulties. I was glad that my colcertain stage in the regular advancement of politi-league did not indulge in the usual cant of charging cal truth, and in the gradual progress of the great our bill with creating two currencies, one for the democratic principle. governinent, and another for the people. Sir, it is Mr. Chairman, let us briefly recapitulate the utterly untrue that this bill creates any currency at purposes, promises, and designs, of this union of all. I have heretofore adverted to the anomalous the state banks with the federal government. con lition of the United States on the subject of It assumes the power to loan out the public currency, and have shown that whilst the constitumoney: tion requires a metallic currency, and authorizes no other, the states respectively, with or without constitutional right, have superadded a paper currency. Neither congress or this bill is at all responsible for the existence of two currencies in the country. The coinage of money, the regulation of the value thereof, and of foreign coin, is the imperative duty of congress. The existence of a metallic currency, therefore, is an indispensable constitutional requisition. There is, then, one currency, under the constitution, which is necessary and unavoidable, and must perform its intended functions: and those who are disposed to murmur because there is another currency, which cannot answer all the same purposes, ought to go to the source of its creation to vent their complaints and remonstrances, and ought not to hurl their indignation against our bill, which, in that particular at least, is innocent. Our bill is based upon the principle, that according to the constitution, in the payment of all dues and debts to the government, gold and silver ought to be required, and looks to the ultimate establishment and general application of this principle. Although taxation, in its broad sense, implies any species of contribution or impost for the support of government, yet I presume that it will not be contested or denied that our rates of taxes, duties, imposts and excises, must be laid and collected in a general medium denominated money. We have seen that the constitution makes money to consist of gold and silver, and does not authorize any other currency; this, therefore, must be the species of money intended to be employed, in government purposes, by the framers of that instrument. Money is only the standard or measure of value. Taxation is but the transfer of individual wealth or value to the government for its consumption. The amount or extent It converts the state banks into farmers general of the revenues: It reduces the government to the necessity of making requisitions on the banks for the use of its own revenue: It effaces the line of partition between the two governments: It applies national capital, raised by taxation, and multiplied four-fold, to fructify and sustain national industry: It undertakes to prescribe the denomination of notes to be issued by the state banks; It undertakes to restrain and regulate their is sues: It addresses, as motives of conduct, their "hopes and fears:" It uses the public credit for "reward and punish ment:" It promises to give uniformity to the whole local currency: It makes odious discriminations, and aggravates its disparity: It proposes to recur to "existing materials," "state institutions," upon which to build up a system of federal power: To made the most of these for the convenience of the government, as well as for the general good: To reform their abuses, corrects their defects, and adopt every precaution which may be necessary to insure their fidelity and efficiency. These are but an imperfect enumeration; and where, since the days of Hamilton, can its parallel be found? I call to mind none, except, perhaps, the extravaganzas of Richard Rush, in his first * See Democratic Review, No 1, pages 118-19. receipts and disbursements of the government, in pursuance of the provisions of the constitution, it is maintained that the receipts and disbursements of equivalents is a fair compliance with the constitution and the law. Sir, the doctrine of equivalents is unknown to the constitution. It is one of the many and fatal heresies of federalism. If congress, or any department, or officer of the government, can, in place of a specific thing, at discretion substitute an stitution may be supplanted, at the discretion of one, or all the departments combined, by the substitution of their equivalents. Sir, all the doctrines and arguments of those who profess to belong to the republican party, and yet advocate bank agency and a paper medium in the public receipts and disburseinents, are of strong federal tendency; they lead, inevitably, to an admission of the constitutionality and necessity of a national bank. They maintain that bank agency is essential in the collection, safe-keeping, transier, and disbursement of the revenue, and that a paper currency, convertible into gold and silver, and as an equivalent for gold and silver, is also indispensable in the collection, transfer, and disbursement of the revenue. Now, Mr. Chairman, a chief justice Marshall would, from premises not so strong and pointed, easily and logically deduce the conclusion that it was the right, and the duty, of congress to estabfish a national bank as a proper, convenient, useful, and necessary appurtenance of the revenue power. I do not mean to charge my colleague [Mr. Garland] or all his political associates on this question, with any wish or intention to favor the establishment of such an, institution at present. He has always disclaimed it-disclaims it now, and I am satisfied of his sincerity. I was, however, showing, as I might legitimately do, and, as I think, I have successfully done, that the creation of such an institution must be the ultimate result, the final conclusion, of all their arguments and doctrines. In the long departure of the government from the true rule of duty, and in the systeins and practices which have grown up, I am fully aware that the habits, business, and interests of society are involv ed in a complicated and intimate connection. No man is more sensible than I am, that, in the application of principles, however true in theory, we ought most carefully to survey all the difficulties and obstructions presented by the existing condition of things. Whilst I would not, in defiance of every obstacle, and regardless of consequences, press an immediate adoption of a favorite system, in all its Indian treaty. The Tallahassee papers of the parts; neither would I, relinquishing all hope and every inducement to excessive taxation; a superall effort, abandon it in despair, because it was not, fluity of revenue beyond the economical wants of 30th ult. state that "gov. Call and the Indian agents, at once, wholly practicable. Existing difficulties, the government, will neither be desired by congress Messrs. Walker and Boyd, have recently succeedcaused by the errors and defects of the past, cannot or permitted by the people. The transfer of revenue, ed in making a treaty with John Walker and Econ justify a change or an abandonment of principles in no way connected with trade or commerce, from Chatamicco's tribes of Apalachicola Indians. The founded in truth, and in the constitution. It is points of collection to places of expenditure, can treaty provides for their removal on the 20th of Ocrather the duty of the statesman and the philoso-produce no inconvenience, shock or revulsion. No tober next. The Indians are paid for their lands pher, sincerely convinced, and firm of purpose, to charge can with justice be preferred, that the finan- and improvements, and a liberal allowance for their strengthen his defences by reason and arguments; cial operations of the government have interrupted emigration. This treaty has long been desirable— and to remove, prudently and gradually, with the business, paralyzed commerce, and destroyed credit. the contact of the Indians with the whites in the least inconvenience and injury, the difficulties which No class of citizens or section of the United States, neighborhoods of settlements bordering on the reoppose the introduction of his system. In obedience can complain of partiality in the benefits to be de- serve, is productive of bad consequences to both to the suggestions of prudence, and from a desire to rived from the use of the revenue, whilst all are parties. The reservation, too, occupies some of the avoid any shock or injury to the interests of the alike excluded from any such favors. All unjust best lands in the territory, which will be settled community, the bill under consideration proposes, discriminations in the local currency, all improper immediately upon the extinguishment of the Indian very gradually, an entire disuse of the paper cur- interference in its regulation, will be avoided; and title." rency for the use of the treasury, and a complete the states, without impediment or assistance, may restoration of the constitutional standard; and thus, proceed in its reformation, according to their own after a long course of error, to retract the govern- sense of duty and policy. The strict adherence of ment, in the management of the finances, to the the government in all its money transactions to the simple duty prescribed in the instrument defining common standard, will furnish both the measure of value and the example of enforcing it, which the constitution intended, and will be more persuasive Milk sickness. The governor of Kentucky has to the states to conform to it, than any direct attempt to control and regulate their diverse currency offered a reward of one thousand dollars for the disFinally, the organization and management of the treasury, according to the constitution, will be to every of the origin of the disease called milk sickexercise and vindicate the right and capacity of the ess, which has cut off thousands, from time to and Ohio. The editor of the Indiana Free Press, people of the states respectively to govern them-time, in parts of that state, and parts of Indiana selves, and to emancipate their federal government who has "seen many cases of the milk sickness, or from bank thraldom. sick stomach, compares its malignity to that of the cholera, and adds: its powers. CHRONICLE. Ship letters. The number of letters forwarded through the New York post office, by the packets, The number received at the upper from 1st January to June 30th, was For city delivery, Tonnage of the lakes-For the year tonnage on the lakes was as follows: Maumee, 61,307 67,667 post office 240,548 101,848 1937, the Florida crops. The Tallahassee papers state that the crops of corn and cotton in middle Florila, are The corn crop will unusually good for the season. be much larger than the last year, more having been planted than usual. The lateness and drought of the spring kept the cotton backward but the recent rains have brought it forward astonishingly. "It is frequently the case that cattle have what is called the trembles, or milk sickness, without show ing any symptoms of disease, until they have been driven or considerably worried, when it exhibits itself by causing the animal to fall down and a trembling similar to that occasioned by a severe shake of the ague upon a person. "In Ohio, and in other parts of this state, it has been the cause of hundreds of deaths, and consequently retarded the improvement of the country. It also exists in parts of Illinois." Taking Squills. A capital hoax was played off Tons. last week with several barrels of the roots of the 2,982 squill, a well known medicinal bulb, which some2,993 times attains a large size. This plant is allied to 6,719 the onion, which it resembles. They cost in the 822 West Indies about a dollar a barrel; and as their 2,811 strange appearance excited some curiosity among 7,078 our amateur florists, a slight adance in price was The Nafchez Free Trader of the 9th inst. states resolved upon by the holders. By a flourishing dethat Messrs. Drane and Dinkins, citizens of Can-scription and the name of Spanish lilly, and a glow. ing description of colors, yellow tipped with scarton, Madison county, Mississippi, both gentlemen let, crimson with white stripes, &c. they were eaof high respectability, fought a few days ago near that place with double-barrelled shot guns, and sily worked off at two shillings a piece, and carefully transferred to sundry gardens and pots about town, many owners no doubt waiting for the expiration of the four weeks, at which time they are to bloom. At any rate they can raise their own squills, and will have a curious white flower, though nothing very gorgeous. [N. Y. Amer. Mr. Chairman, an objection has been urged, that this separation of the treasury from the banks will require an additional number of officers, and will increase the patronage of the executive. Sensitive as may be the public mind on the subject of patronage, it is yet too intelligent and too patriotic to be deluded into an abandonment of a wise and constitutional measure, by an unfounded clamor. It relies for its execution, like every other measure, upon officers competent in capacity and number, constitutionally appointed, and constitutionally responsible. Ample personal security, the solemn sanctions of oaths, liability to removal from office, the certainty of punishment for offences, the dread of exposure and disgrace-these are the guarantees, which will, in the general, ensure capacity and fidelity. Shall we surrender the belief, so long and so universally entertained in America, that man in his natural person, and in his individual responsibility, is worthy of trust and confidence, is capable of executing the ordinary functions of civil government? Shall we surrender this theory of republican government as an impracticable speculation or an idle dream, and in utter despair commit the vital concerns of this extended confederacy, to associations Buffalo, of men converted by legal magic into bodies politic Erie, and corporate, with chartered protections, known Cleveland, to the government as agents only in their artificial Sandusky, character, whereby responsibility is diminished, and the difficulty of applying the restraints and coercions of the law is greatly increased? In lieu of the vast and complicated machinery of bank agency; our bill substitutes only some nine or ten additional officers. The increase of patronage to be exerted through these few additional officers of the treasury department, rigidly prohibited from using or employing any public money in their charge, under any pretence, for private purposes, dwindles into insignificance, compared with the almost incalculable influence which may be secured by an alliance between the banks and the treasury. Take the favorite number of deposite banks-twenty-five; multiply these by the whole number of officers, stockholders, and debtors, too, in each: the extent of corrupt influence and patronage into which this system may degenerate is absolutely appalling. The public attention cannot be diverted from the conteinplation of this stupendous combination, so susceptible Emigrants. German papers mention the arrival of a sinister influence, and so tempting to a designing secretary, by the artful and causeless cry of ex- at Berlin of a number of emigrants, rigid Lutheecutive patronage over nine or ten officers, fettered rans, formerly composing the congregation of the with legal restraints. Look at the number of opu- reverend Mr. Schirhel, against whom, with his lent merchants, capitalists, stockholders, and stock- flock, the military were turned out. They were men. Music is in attendance, and a dance on the jobbers, who may, under the operation of this sys- bound to Hamburg, thence to embark for America, tem, be brought into financial, and, probably, poli- having, it is said, been preceded hither by agents al and pretty entertainment, free from the selfishtical, union and concert, with the secretary as to purchase land. It is stated that they are not green follows during the afternnoon. It is a rationpreserve common head. It would seem that the genius of Ha- without resources. They emigrate to " which the ladies are always arbitrarily excluded. milton had awakened to revive "those fiscal systems the true faith," and in this feature resemble theness of political festivals and dinner parties, from and arrangements which keep a host of commercial pilgrims who of old left England, and then Hol- We wish they were more universally prevalent. and wealthy individuals embodied, and obedient to land, to come to this country to preserve liberty of the mandates of the treasury," and which the advo- conscience.-New York Sun. cates of free government and the enemies of corruption have heretofore assailed. were both killed. Health of the cities. The number of deaths in In Philadelphia, last week, there were 163 In Baltimore, it will be seen by the bill of mortality, there were 71 deaths last week; of which 41 were children under two years of age.-Baltimore Republican. King Philip. This distinguished brave of the Seminole tribe, we learn from the New Orleans Mr. Chairman, under the separation of the banks True American, expired on board of the steamboat and the government, proposed to be effected by the Liverpool, on his way to Arkansas. At forty miles bill under examination, "a regular statement and ac- beiow Fort Gibson, the two boats containing the count of the receipts and expenditures of all public emigrating party, were brought into the shore, the money" will be practicable. All the artificial con- yards manned, and the body of King Philip taken One hunclusious and legal constructions of former systems, out and buried with the honors of war. which, in most cases, were confused and unintelli- dred guns were fired over his grave, and the Ingible to the mass, will be avoided. A plain system dians, under lieutenant Reynolds, commanding the of accounts, so anxiously desired by Mr. Jefferson, party, permitted to attend the funeral, appeared to will be introduced, and the object of the constitution be much moved at the loss they had sustained. fulfilled in requiring a publication from time to time, of the account current of the treasury. The great body of tax-payers will see and understand the whole operation of the treasury. The strict inhibition against employing any portion of the revenue in trade or business, will remove Longworth's new directory of New York, contains upwards of 37,000 names, of which nearly 10,000 are not included in the preceding volume. The number of changes and alterations exceed 11,000. The olden time. Forty years ago this day, the first rural tea party was held in Northampton, judge Lyman delivered an oration, and the rural entertainment was held near the great bridge in the since that time, every year adding to its interest meadows. This festival has been seldom omitted and beauty. It is usually served up in a grove, the ladies having the chief management. Tables, decorated with evergreens and beautiful flowers, and contributed by the various families in town. Eight loaded with refreshments of the richest kind, are lady managers preside assisted by delegated gentle A heavy fall of rain was experienced in the city of New York on Thursday night the 26th ult. The During the gust, St. Bartholomew's church, in Lafayette square, was struck by lightning. lightning struck the steeple, which was shattered to pieces, and the fluid descended, and went out A gentleman who saw it strike says at the clock. it exploded like a rocket, and must have set fire to the building had it not rained so very severely. Mr. William Bromwell was brought to Baltimore on Tuesday, from New York, where he had arrived from Mobile, in the charge of officers despatched thither, and was committed to prison, to take his trial for forgery. Baron de Talleyrand, former perfect and plenipotentiary minister of France in Denmark, has been dated the 16th June. raised to the dignity of Peer, by a royal ordinance letter written by Dr. Sharpe to the hon. James Bu Moral effects of marriage. The statistics of the eastern penitentiary of Pennsylvania, are curious in pipe taken yesterday from the ground on the bank A curiosity. We have on our table the head of a the great inequality which they exhibit between of Wheeling creek, in front of the dwelling of Wilmarried and unmarried convicts. hundred and sixty prisoners received the last year, is now going on, which is the greatest curiosity of Of the one liam Chaiplaine, esq., where excavation for a street one hundred and ten were unmarried. Six were the kind we have ever seen. It is evidently of Inwidowers, and forty-five only were married. I have dian manufacture, and we think, a petrifaction of never seen a stronger illustration of the moral influ-wood, by the strong resemblance of the grain to it. ence of marriage. By the upsetting of a schooner in Chester river, The hollow bowl is very small for the size of the It is nine inches in length and weighs three pounds, near Love Point, of sixteen persons on board, seven pipe and was evidently made with a great deal of were drowned. Mrs. Richardson and her three labor, as also was the perforation for the stem. The daughters, of Kent island, capt. Denny, and a co-whole forms a perfect representation of a duck lored man and woman. United States navy yard, near Pensacola, The rest were saved by swimming, and is distinctly marked with the beak, clinging to the vessel. curve of the neck, wings and tail, as also the shad-place on the 6th inst., in company with judge CameSir: Your friend Dr. Evans of the navy left this June 25th 1833. The following important fact has been published caue or elder, and long enough to rest the bowl on prehensive that he is one of the victims of the late ing of the breast. The stem must have been of ron and judge Rochester, and I am extremely apby the consignees of the Royal William steamer: the ground, as it never could have been used in any disaster of the Pulaski, as I see the name of Evans "The Royal William belongs to the city of Dub-other way except by the mouth of one of Gulliver's lin company, established in 1834, to run steamers sixty feet gentlemen. It can be seen, for the prebetween Liverpool, Dublin and Belfast. have a fleet of 17 vessels employed in the Irish They sent, by the curious, at our office. [ Wheeling Times. Channel, which make annually above 1,000 voyages, and from the peculiar care used in their Rev. Dr. Chalmers of Edinburg, delivered in LonHigh pay for lectures. During the last month the construction, and from their almost daily inspec- don a series of lectures, for which according to tion, not an accident has occured to endanger life statement in the Edinburg Chronicle, he receives during a period of 14 years." from the Christian Influence Society the sum of a among the list, and can but think that he is the person, although no title is given. He would hardly have parted company with them as he remained several days to avail himself of their society on his this state, returned a few days since from Green Bay, Wisconsin territory, where he distributed among the journey. Oneida Indians Isaac Denniston, esq. agent for Oneida Indians the money payable to them as annui. From the Far West. The steamboat Antelope. FIFTY POUNDS for each lecture. The lecturer's ties under the various treaties from 1788 to 1824. belonging to the American fur company, arrived theory of a church establishment rocognizes, not The amount paid was $27,965 14, which was done at the wharf yesterday, from the mouth of the Yel.only a legal provision for the clergy, but the territo-in a way entirely satisfactory to the Indians. The low Stone. She brings about a thousand packs, under the superintendence of its own clergyman. lars, adds: chiefly Buffalo robes. The most valuable furs are His scheme proposes that the whole country should rial distribution of the people into parishes, each on their way down in Mackanaw boats, and will Albany Argus, from which we gather these particuprobably be here in a few weeks. The Antelope be parceled out into parishes, each containing not of years, and has assisted in making most of the reports the river as unusually low; she was detain more than a population of 2000-and that the cler-treaties between the state government and the "Mr. D. has been Indian agent for a great number ed nearly two weeks by reason of this. The agent of the company reports that the small parish, and reclaim every family and every individ-most of the annuities secured by these treaties have gyman of each should fill his church out of his own several tribes of Indians within its borders, and pox had ceased its ravages amongst the Sioux, but ual committed to his care to the habits of regular been paid through him, amounting annually to was still raging amongst the Indians higher up the church going. Yellow Stone. The Assineboines are said to be extinct, and most of the Blackfeet have fallen vic-at New York, have refused to find a bill against the The grand jury of the U. S. circuit court, sitting time. It was believed that more than 25,000 have officers and crew of the American sealing schooner died of the disease, and that it would not stop short Anna Howard, who were charged with the commisof the Pacific ocean. [St. Louis Republican. Canal tolls, &c. The tolls collected on the New self defence, the natives having inade an attack upon sion of a brutal murder of a number of Patagonians. York state canals for the third week in July 1837 the seal vessel. The defence was, that the killing was perpetrated in and 1833, were as follows: In 1837 In 1833 $33,903 14 Increase $4,989 53 or nearly 15 per cent. The flour and wheat arriving in the Hudson river via the canals for the same periods, is as follows: In 1837 bbls. flour. 16,743 26,297 bushels wheat. 10,312 Increase 9,549 bbls flour and 10,312 bushels wheat. The merchandize shipped at Albany and West Troy for the same time, was as follows: In 1837 Increase 2,776,800 pounds have been conducted with such care and fidelity as of remark that the duties of Mr. Denniston's agency about fifteen thousand dollars. not only to meet the approbation of the state governAnd it is worthy ment, for a long series of years, but to protect him arrived at New York in the short passage of from any complaints on the part of the Indians." From Valparaiso. By the ship Natchez, which Lobby services. The New York Express says a received the following: sixty days, the editors of the Journal of Commerce gentleman of high standing in Albany lately presentwith the members of the legislature in procuring the in a state of blockade, and their fleet is now off ed a bill of $1000 to a widow lady for his influence Valparaiso, May 10, 1838. passage of a law in her favor. And a judge of the that place. Another expedition is being prepared This government has declared the port of Callao court of common pleas in New York has conmenced here which will sail against Peru in the course of suit against 251 subscribers to the Coal Stock Com-about six weeks; it will consist of about five thonpany, for $1500 for lobby services. By a late de-sand men. this lobby business is likely to be knocked in the cision, however, of judge Ulshoetier, of New Jersey for lobby services. head. He has deciled against the legality of claims Fires in London. The total number of fires observed and reported by the police in 1836 was 240, exclusive of chimneys; in 1837 it was 229. Of These, 140 in the former year, and 50 in the latter, A respectable gentleman of this city has request-extinguished by the police before the arrival of the equal to 34 per cent. of the whole number, were ed us to state that almost immediate relief may be afforded to persons who imprudently drink too much cold water during the prevalence of hot weather, by administering fifteen drops of Spiritus Salis in about a wine glass full of any kind of spirituous liquor. The Spiritus Salis may be procured at any apothecary's shop. [Bull. Amer. Swimming. A sailor named Samuel Brown, we are informed, swam for a wager, from Sanith's foundry in this place, to Fort Washington, a distance of nearly eight miles! He was accompanied by a boat, to see that all was fair. This feat was performed on Wednesday evening. [Alexandria Gazette. A novel salute. When gen. Washington, whilst president, visited the works of the James river cahal, the chief engineer caused the quarriers to charge some hundreds of blasts, which were exploded at Washington's approach. This internal navigation salute he pronounced the most gratifying he had ever heard: and, by the bye, he gave all the workmen a guinea a piece to drink his health. We have received the first number of a new Graham periodical, called the Johnny-Cake. After a hasty examination of its contents, we have come to the conclusion that it is slack-baked. [Boston Gazette, Munificent donation. It is stated, that John Jacob Astor, of New York, has presented the sum of $350,000, for the purpose of establishing a public library in that city. engines. The estimated amount of loss, generally taken from the statements of the sufferers themselves, was 486,500/. in 1836, and 198,5594. in 1837. In the former sums is included 400,000l., the esti mated loss at the warehouses of Fenning and co. near London bridge; and in the latter 150,000l., the 133,0591. [Jour. of the London Statistical Society. loss at Davis' wharf, Shadwell. If these two sums be excluded, the loss in the two years amounts to paper says that the fifteen wool growing states produce some dissatisfaction takes place in the army of genland in the northern part of the province, unless It is generally believed that they will eral Sata Cruz-we think the expedition will again be defeated. the 24th May informs that the Buenos Ayrean Buenos Ayres. A letter from Buenos Arres of minister to the United States was to leave in the Nile. The government had determined that they and the blockhade will of course be continued until would never accede to the demands of the French, the present chief shall be superseded, or the want and distress of the country oblige them to change their determination. 28, says: "The hon. Anson Jones, minister plen potentiary from Texas to the United States, arrived The New Orleans Commercial Bulletin of July in our city yesterday, in the steamboat Columbia.” Charleston banks. The Charleston Patriot urges dnlphia, on the 13th of August. The editor states the banks of that city to resume specie payments that an arrangement to that effect can be made with simultaneously with those of Baltimore and Philathe Georgia banks in sufficient time. tenant colonel Pierce declines the promotion and through Brandywine Hundred, Delaware, on Tues- like tinder. England in the course of the present month, bring- made to the sisters of charity at Boston,by Messrs. A donation of 1,500 yards of calico has been Bank is $2,009,832.77, belonging to 13,015 deJohn McCarty and Edward Barr, of Providence. The amount of deposites in the Boston Savings for their spare earnings, are among the most useful and economical may find a safe place of deposite positors. Savings banks, in which the industrious agreed to an abatement of ten per cent. on the pre- No less than four new churches are now in pro. on Wednesday. She has no news. Among her The packet ship St. James arrived at New York gress in the borough of Alleghany, adjoing Pitts-passengers are several Bedouin Arabs, who have been burgh, and two others are in train of erection. performing at Paris with much eclat. houses in progress of erection in the "burnt disthere are now about sixty stores and dwelling trict," of that city. The rains are said to be fast It is stated in the last Charleston Mercury, that } disappearing. FIFTH SERIES. No. 24.-VOL. IV.] WASHINGTON CITY, AUGUST 11, 1838. [VOL. LIV. WHOLE NO. 1,492 The Royal Willlium steam ship left New York on Saturday afternoon at 4 o'clock. She took out thirty-five cabin passengers and about six thousand letters. THE PAST-THE PRESENT-FOR THE FUTURE. PRINTED AND PUBLISHED, EVERY SATURDAY, BY WILLIAM OGDEN NILES, EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR, at $5 PER ANNUM, PAYABLE IN ADVANCE. dinner, one third or one-half sub treasury men. Mr. | Lasley and his daughter shot down, and the son Preston spoke at large on the interesting topics of received a ball through the hand. Two young the times. "His argument against the sub trea- men succeeded in making their escape. The sury system, (says the Mercury correspondent,) number of Indians was stated at fifty or sixty. was replete with his utmost powers of wit and sar-We think the number exaggerated. NORTH CAROLINA. The elections for governor casin, yet by no means fair, just, or effective," &c. Governor Call has taken such measures as are and members of the state legislature, were held in &c. Much cheering attended his remarks. Mr. in his power to give detence to the frontier of Lethis state, in the counties of Franklin, Granville, Albert Rhett gave a toast in favor of the sub trea-on and Gadsden counties, and if possible, prevent Warren, Nash, Edgecomb, Beaufort, Pitt, Wash-sury, which the writer said received cheering the Creeks from effecting their escape to the Semquite as general as that given to Mr. Preston. Ainoles, as is no doubt their intention. Captain complimentary toast "in favor of Mr. Calhoun as Walker's company at Shell's point, has been ordercandidate for the presidency, was warmly and ed to scour the country on the line from the point enthusiastically applauded" A toast was given, to Mr. Alligood's plantation, about six miles from declaring Mr. Van Buren and Mr. Clay unworthy this city. He has also called for a force from Gadsthe vote of the state. lion, now stationed on the Oscilla froutier, will den, and it is probable that major Taylor's battalalso go in pursuit of the Creeks. ington, Hyde and Tyrrell, on Thursday the 26th of July: in the counties of Johnston, Wayne, Lenor, Craven, Carteret, Jones and Greene, on the 2d inst, and in all the other counties on the 9th inst. Thus far 19 friends of the administration and 16 whigs have been elected-and Mr. Dudley has received a considerable majority of votes over Mr. Branch. OFFICIAL. Notice. The money bequeathed by the late Janes Sinithson, esq. of London, for found ing an institute in the city of Washington, amounting to about a half of a million of dollars, will, it is expected, be received during the present month. By an act passed July 7th, 1938, the undersigned is directed to invest the same "in stocks of states, bearing interest at the rate of not less than five per cent. per annum." He is now prepared to receive proposals from persons who have stocks of this deScription to dispose of. LEVI WOODBURY, secretary of the treasury. Treasury department, August 6, 1838. CANADA AFFAIRS. Mr. Buchanan, the British consul, received despatches by the Great Western. for lord Durham and Sir George Arthur. It is said they are of unusual importance. They were forwarded to Quebec and Toronto by special messengers, and arrangements were made by the consul so that the return despatches shall arrive here in view to be sent by the Great Western on her return. Despatches were also received for the government of Halifax, this being the most direct communication between London and Halifax. [N. Y. Express. Our government has purchased from the Ameri cans a steamer, to be manned, armed, and put in charge of lieutenant Duffie. She was coming down the Niagara river the other day to go into the Chippewa river, and owing to improper manage ment, she pased the river, and was fast approaching towards th Falls bfore she could be brought up by three anchors. Should they or the ropes give way, over the Falls she goes. They have sent to the Americans at Buffalo for assistance, which is thought will be very expensive before she gets to safe moorings. [Kingston Spectator, July 27. The staunch and swift steamboat Milwaukie has been chartered by the United States for the service of the government upon the waters of the upper lakes, in the place of the Erie. Lieutenant Homans is to command the Milwau. kie. The charge of the soldiers, &c. is to remain, however, as heretofore, under an army officer, and the vessel is to be subject to the requisitions and orders of the commanding officer on these frontiers. [Buffalo Journal. GEN. HAYNE. The Washington Chronicle of Tuesday evening says: "Gen. Robert Y. Haync passed through this city yesterday on his way to the north, where he purposes to pass a short time in examining the latest improvements in the construction of railroads, &c. He will, we understand, return through the upper part of Virginia, with the view of examining the Baltimore and Ohio railroad, and thence proceed to the meeting of the directors of the Charleston and Louisville railroad, of which he is president, to be held on the 27th instant, in Lexington, Kentucky." BARBECUE TO MR. PRESTON. A great barbecue was given to Messrs. Preston and Elinore, near Columbia, S. C., on the 27th ult., to which Mr. Calhoun and the other representatives of the state were invited. We learn from the correspondent of the Mercury, that only Mr. Preston was present. We learn also from the same source, that six or eight hundred gentlemen attended the VOL. IV.-SIG. 24. a The writer says: "I have been greatly gratified to perceive that the general proceedings of the day manifested far less of the violent war spirit of the Telescope, and more of that of concession and reThe governor received, by express, early yester. conciliation, than we had at first any reason today morning, information from major Taylor, that expect. I earnestly trust it will be met in a his command would be dicharged from the service similar spirit-nay, I am sure it will; and that by major Dearborn; in which event they have been however we may differ from our old associates ordered by the governor to report to him at this on principle, and honestly battle with them for place, when they will be employed against the the right, on that ground, we will ever be as ready Creeks. It is probable that colonel Green, of the to remember the old and affectionate ties which sixth regiment, recently arrived from Green Bay, bound us with them to our beloved state as their will receive the troops into the service of the Uniown bearing and deportment will possibly admit. ted States. Colonel Green is charged with the Our principles we cannot compromise, but in bat- command of the defence of Middle Florida, and is tling for them we will not war on persons, exa highly efficient officer. At all events we are ascept in self defence, and desire to forget their sured that the frontier will be defended, and propersonal errors, in the grateful remembrance that tection given our citizens, if not by the United they States authorities, at least by the territorial. "have done the state some service." INDIAN AFFAIRS. The Cherokees. Extract of BANKS, CURRENCY, &c. Money affairs in Philaa letter from major general Winfield Scott, to the delphia. The New York Courier and Enquirer, of adjutant general of the army, dated head quarters. Thursday, says: "We learn from Philadelphia, that eastern division, Cherokee agency, July 23, 1838. in consequence of the approaching resumption of "It is, I learn, reported throughout this country, specie payments, 3everal of the banks of that city that the Indians collected in camps for emigration had seen the necessity of a speedy contraction, and are sickly and dying in great numbers. I men- had already commenced a curtailinent of their action this report to contradict it. The Indians are, commodations, and that money was for this cause, very generally, in excellent health, and so are the becoming sensibly scarce, and the rate of distroops. Please cause this to be officially an-count proportionately advancing. This scarcity of nounced." money no doubt will continue to increase, as the banks of Philadelphia must do after the resumption, what the banks of New York did before they resumed, viz-contract their money accommodation, as much as possible; the inconvenience however will no doubt be merely temporary, and has been all along foreseen." Murders in Georgia. The Darien Telegraph of the 31st ult. contains the following: Dear Sir: I have just learned from an authentic source, of the murder of two families in Ware Mr. Wilde and family were murdered on the 17th inst., and Mr. John county by the Indians. The Pennsylvanian of yesterday, says-We unDavis and family on the 24th, not more than twen-derstand that the notes of the Philadelphia banks are now received in payment of duties at our custy or twenty-five miles from Waynesville. formerly been a member of the legislature. Mr. Davis is, I believe, well known, having tom house-satisfactory proof having been furnish. ed the collector by the officers of the bank, that These murders were perpetrated by five Indians, notes and checks on this institution are redeen.ed whose trail was followed by the neighbors into in specie. the Okefenokee swamp, where they found the Resumption of the Ohio banks. The Columbia trails so large, and indicating the vicinity of so (Ohio) Journal of the 3d instant has the following many Indians, that they were obliged to return.ar.nunciation of the contemplated resumption of They estimate that there are as many as four or five specie payments by the Ohio banks on the 13th inhundred in the swamp. Great excitement pre- stant-the day on which the banks in the Atlantic vails in Ware and Camden on the subject of these states have agreed to resume. murders, and from Waynesville an express has been despatched to obtain particular information; and a meeting of the citizens is to be held to morrow, to take such measures as the urgency of the case may require. I write this in the greatest haste, thinking it may possibly-in the absence of more particular and recent intelligence than has been received here-be of service to you. Yours, &c.. C. M'Ardell, esq. L. LYMAN. It will be seen by the following circular, that Monday, the 13th instant, is the day agreed upon for the general resumption of specie payments by the banks of Ohio. The duty of laying this circular before our readers is the most gratifying we have performed this many a day. Columbus, August 2, 1833. At the convention of the banks of Ohio, held in this city on the sixth and seventh days of June last, the following resolution was adopted. "Resolved, That in case the banks of Philadelphia and Baltimore do not resume on or before the Murders in Florida. The Tallahassee Floridian fourth day of July next, then Messrs. J. Creed, R. of the 28th ult. says: On Wednesday morning W. McCoy, and Wm. Niel, be and they are hereby last, two more of our citizens fell victims to savage appointed a commitree to fix the day, and give in. barbarity. A Mr. Lasley, residing about fifteen forination to each of the banks, so soon as it shall or twenty miles from Tallahassee, on the Ocloc-be known that said banks of Philadelphia and Balknee river, when returning to his work from break-timore have resumed, after said fourth of July. fast, discovered a number of Indians on his plan. Believing that the banks of Massachusetts, Rhode tation. He, with his son, retreated to the house, Island, Connecticut, Pennsylvania, Virginia, Ken. followed by the Indians, but succeeded in defend-tucky and Baltimore will, under a resolution adopting his dwelling till about 1 o'clock, when the ed at a convention of banks held at Philadelphia on savages retired a short distance in the woods. the twenty-third ultimo, resume the payment of Supposing it safe to retreat, the family left the their bills in specie on the thirteenth of August house, but had proceeded only a short distance inst.; and believing that sound policy requires of when they were overtaken by the Indians, Mr. the Ohio banks to resume simultaneously with JOHN CREED. R. W. McCoy, committee. The Alexandria Gazette says that the banks in the District of Columbia commenced redeeming their $5 notes in specie on the 1st inst., and will resume generally as soon as the banks in the neighboring states do. Some of the corporations of Philadelphia which have issued small notes during the suspension of specie payments, are beginning to withdraw them from circulation. A glorious example. The city certificates about to be redeemed. We learn with pleasure that an arrangement is made by which the Bank of the United States will redeem all the certificates of loan issued by the city of Philadelphia. This glorious example, we hope will be speedily imitated by the other corporations. The city councils deserve great credit for the movement. [Phil. Eng. The notes of the corporation of Baltimore have been redeemed by the banks of that city, since the 1st of May last. VERY LATE FROM EUROPE. and many letters. One of her passengers left this success of this noble enterpise, which now, after Of political or other news, there is really not Monday night, about 10 minutes before 12 o'clock, found the defendant, who was attired in the meanhe was passing through the picture gallery and est manner, seated upon a chair, within seven yards of the royal bed room. It appeared that her majes. ty had only retired to rest about 10 minutes previously, and that the defendant had obtained entrance by mixing with the servants of the foreign ambassadors, who had been invited to an entertainment styled himself captain Flower, of the 13th Light Cook, of the B. division, stated, that the man, who after the review in Hyde park. Police sergeant Dragoons, was most obstreperous upon being taken station house, and even then it was necessary to and two of the rifle brigade to convey him to the into custody. It required the aid of two policemen strap his legs and arms. He said that his intenDefendant.-And so they are.-It was entirely by tions towards the queen were highly honorable. nor did I know that her majesty's bed room was so mistake that I wandered into the picture gallery, Stopford. closely adjacent. I came to speak to lady Mary Mr. Randall stated that the man had The crops were moderately promising in Great Britain, and the weather generally fine. The Great Western steam ship company have taken steps to increase its capital from 250,000l. tried several gates of the palace before he managed to 1,000,000l. They have contracted for the im- to gain access to the picture gallery. Had he enmediate building of three large and splendid steam-tered ten minutes sooner, the queen would have ships, to run between Cork and New York, in con- been passing to her bed room. Defendant, who is junction with the British Queen; they are to be evidently a lunatic, was ordered to find sureties to christened President, Great Britain, and United keep the peace for the future; in default, he was States. The keel of the President has been al- sent to the Tothill-fields house of correction. ready laid; she is to measure 2,028 tons. of the first firms in London. years been connected in the jewelry line with one man is of a respectable family, and has for many [London Paper. Michigan Money. The Detroit Advertiser of July 31st., says, "the money of this state is still improving in the confidence of the public, and of tant character. The Irish municipal reform bill, The parliamentary news is of a very unimporcourse grows scarcer. Nearly all of the notes of notwithstanding the arrangement entered into by the the best chartered banks are out of circulation-leader of the conservative party with the ministers, some having been redeemed, and others placed on has been nullified by the cutting out of the most deposite, which have not again been thrown into important provision. On the 12th of July, on the several clauses being discussed in committee, lord Lindhurst moved that the qualification to vote, be raised from 51. to 101., when the radicals were left in a fearful minority. The Irish poor law bill was carried by a majority of 62. circulation." Philadelphia money market. Bicknell's Reporter of Tuesday says "Money is abundant in this city at moderate interest, and the prospect generally looks well. In fact the certainty of the banks resuming on Monday next, and their known ability so to do, have proved the means of restoring monetary and business affairs of the city to a healthy state." The New York Express, second edition of Monday, says Another discussion had taken place respecting the power of lord Durham to dissolve the old executive council in Canada. The motion ended like all its predecessors, in the ministers declaring ripened into a general pacification of the two proto develope the fruits of his policy, which, if it that time must be allowed for the governor general vinces, the nation would have reason to be satisfied with, notwithstanding the appointments he had made since the reins of government had been entrusted to his hands. The conservatives are terribly bitter at lord Durham, and one of their leaders said, in the course of the debate, that under the new administration, Canada would have the singu in favor of anonymous authors, whose works are It was generally stated about the house that the A portion and a very large portion, of the mer-lar fortune of possessing, among its principal officantile community, too, will learn with regret, that there are some embarrassments in the establishment cers of government, the only two men ever divorcof a branch of the United States Bank in this city.ed by parliament on the complaint of their wives. We have it from what we deem good authority, debt, from the lords, has been twice read in the The bill for the abolition of imprisonment for that threats have been thrown out from persons in high authority, that if a branch is established here, commons. Great Britain will have the honor of measures will be immediately taken to put an in-going ahead of the federal government of the Unijunction on the bank. This threat has had the effect ted States in this great step of civilization. for the present, as we are informed, to cause a susIn the course of a discussion on the international pension of the intended location of a bank. What-copy-right bill, it was proposed to put in a proviso ever unkind feeling there may be lingering in the bosom of political adversaries towards that institution, there is none among inen of business; all, ALL are in favor of permitting any man whatever on this side, or the other side of the water, to bring his lawful pursuit. If there is no method by which the been known to have sojourned in the metropolis, capital here and employ it in banking or any other Since the year 1814, so many visiters had not bank can bring their capital here in open day, we trust it will be brought here and employed through as during the fortnight of the coronation. indirect channels. Grand reviews of the Household troops had taThe number of letters brought by the Great Wes-ken place in Hyde Park and Woolwich Common. tern, is astonishingly great; all our merchants have than 100,000 spectators were present. The inAt the former place it was computed that more their correspondence from ail parts of the continent spection, with the sham fight that followed, occuas well as England, to a very late period. They pied four hours. generally speak of the great abundance of unem lion after the queen and her staff of Amazonian ployed capital in the principal cities of Europe, but aids de camp. Several accidents happened in the Marshal Soult was the chief particularly in London. change of any importance in American funds, yet seers broke down and precipitated fourteen persons Although there is no course of the day. A tree overloaded with sightthere is a growing desire to invest, and securities to the ground. A surgeon bled the sufferers on the from this side, from the fact that they can give ground, and they were sent home in coaches. One greater interest, meet with great favour. States Bank stock is the great favorite. That in- was killed. A private of the lancers was unhorsed man fell from the roof of a house 70 feet high and stitution has so long paid their dividends of 7 and 8 during a charge, and rode over by the squadron in per cent. per annum, that it has become as regular the rear. for an English capitalist to get his dividend, on this It was expected he would recover. stock, as on that of the Bank of England. It is who has been charged upon two several occasions An unfortunate man named Thomas Flower, this, and probably this alone, that has caused it to at the Queen Square police office with having been be as great a favorite as it is in the London market. The Philadelphia U. S. Gazette of Tuesday says. We learn by letter from London, that it is proposed to form a stock company for the purpose of establishing a line of Steam Packets to ply between Lonand Philadelphia. Shall we have no share in the matter? a United The a grand entertainment to the foreign ambassadors and other strangers. All the great political men, The mayor and corporation of London had given without distinction of party, were present. Among the foreigners we notice the name of Mr. John Van Buren. It is stated in the London Globe of the 20th ult. that Mr. Rush, of the United States, had sailed, United States to Naples, captain Perry, U. S. na- tion. at Covent Garden, preliminary to her starting for Madame Vestris had an immense parting benefit New York. The receipts are estimated at £600 or 700. commanded by captain Roberts, formerly of the The British Queen. This stupendous steam ship, Sirius, arrived at Port Glasgow, and has gone into dock, where she is to receive her machinery. The by the Vulture steamer. Betwixt these places she Queen was towed to Plymouth, from Gravesend, had foul winds. At Plymouth the Vulture left, and the Queen then came round by the Land's End herself in fine style, carrying all sail, and beating every vessel in her way, especially a French brig, which attempted to compete with her for some time. Having arrived at the tail of the bank the wet dock at eleven by the Sampson steamer, early on Saturday morning, she was towed into the top of whose funnel, it was observed, just reached the top of the Queen's paddle box. It is announced, and that the Tiger will take her place. thought she will not be ready to sail as early as The steam ship Sirius, lieutenant Moule, hence, conflagration. Consols for the account closed at 94 3-8. FRANCE. found in the precincts of Buckingham palace, in |