boundaries of the city of Philadelphia; in fact, many of our members do not reside in the city. Many of these are in the suburban counties of Philadelphia.

We have had ample occasion to consider the various types of proposals, and I can say that the Commission endorses the essential provisions of S. 1241.

We share the viewpoint expressed by the president of Susquehanna University that the experience with the college housing program has been excellent. I personally interviewed all of the presidents of the colleges in this area on this viewpoint last winter, and they frequently made the same point that the previous witness did.

It was fine to have the money for housing, but the need is academic facilities for the students they have today and hope to accommodate tomorrow.

Some of these small institutions find that their library and laboratory facilities for students in southeastern Pennsylvania, the numbers of students have risen 25 percent in these 24 institutions, in their enrollment, and their enrollment plans for the future would indicate a rise of roughly 100 percent in the next decade.

Senator HILL. What is your estimate for the next decade?

Dr. CLOUGH. About 100 percent. There are 35,000 full time, and if you look at their enrollment plans they average out between 60,000 and 65,000 for that period. I suspect, if I may give an opinion, that it may be somewhat larger than that.

In the great metropolitan area you have tremendous pressure in the various institutions. You have pressure from the students in the city of Philadelphia and, because of our relatively low income, we have about 60 percent of the families of Philadelphia whose income is less than $5,000 a year, and a substantial portion of the boys and girls in that segment go to college, and they are practically compelled to attend institutions in the area.

Furthermore, with a 24-institutional center, we get a lot of applications not only outside of Philadelphia, but from the rest of the United States. The number of our out-of-town students is rising along with our Philadelphia students, so we anticipate that between the demand upon our facilities up there and, as I say, I will reiterate, that every institution I visited needs additional academic facilities for the students they have there this year, and, as they expand, they will need additional physical facilities for academic rurposes, particularly science, facilities for laboratories, for the libraries and classroom space Senator HILL. Has the housing program pretty well taken care of your needs for dormitories?

Dr. CLOUGH. I think most of them feel that what has recently been passed will meet their needs in the foreseeable future.

Many of the institutions, by the way, have decided that they have as many residence students as they would like to have. The smaller institutions will probably expand locally, and handle our community population.

Our suburban area, as in all other areas, the growth has been fantastic. Our suburban high schools, with roughly one-half of the college-age population of the area, provides more than one-half of the high school graduates. Our high school graduates in eastern Pennsyl

vania increased 45 percent, a total of 40,000 people, and this is proceeding at that rate.

The interesting thing is, I think, our so-called college segment of our population, 20 years ago, they sent one or two, but now they have three to five going to school, and their purchasing power is not what it used to be, perhaps, and this also adds a pressure to our community institutions.

In reference to the scholarship proposal, the city of Philadelphia has a rather modest program, on which I also serve as a staff member. This year we have 600 applications for approximately 30 scholarships. Senator HILL. How many!

Dr. CLOUGH. 600.

Senator HILL. For 30?

Dr. CLOUGH. This, you must remember, is not purely a scholarship program but based on scholarship and need. This means we have at least 600 applications from the city itself from people who were in "dire financial need," and we found 200 scholarships elsewhere, 200 who, in my professional estimation, are extremely competent students, and the remainder of them would have very good high school records. So we feel this will help us meet this tremendous need.

As the witness who just testified, Dr. Weber, the pressure on our colleges and universities for financial assistance is tremendous. They cannot begin to meet the needs that exist in this area.

The cost of higher education in our area doubled in the past decade. It would cost approximately $2,000 a year for a student to attend a college or university in the area. There are some that go as high as $3,700, and some as low as $1,200.

But if you will live off-campus the tuition will cost you roughly about $1,000.

Senator HILL. What is the population of metropolitan Philadelphia this year?

Dr. CLOUGH. About 311⁄2 million, and the suburban population, in one area there is about 800,000, one area 650,000, and another about half a million and, of course, we have southern New Jersey, which is an integral part of the Greater Philadelphia area, and south Jersey is the fastest growing metropolitan area in the country at this moment. Their pressures are modest upon our institutions, but we anticipate they will increase. So I believe that pretty much summarizes the position we have taken.

We have specifically endorsed the loans for academic facilities and scholarship programs, and we would appreciate your consideration of this legislation.

Senator HILL. Do you feel they would be helpful to you, and they are very much needed?

Dr. CLOUGH. Very much needed. It will essentially not meet all of our needs, we understand that.

The Commisssion is committed to the prospect that most of this expense will have to be met by existing institutions. We believe in this because of the diverse character of the institutions.

This legislation will permit these institutions to get these funds in a way that would permit them to do it without qualifying or hampering their diverse church-affiliated, non-church-affiliated, private institutions for the purpose of education.

We think this will accomplish this very well. Perhaps in the western part of the country with public education this would not be practical. We are advocating certain steps on the part of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania to meet this need.

But, by and large, it will have to be accommodated within the existing institutions. These 24 colleges will have to meet the bulk of our demand.

Senator HILL. In supplying the list of 24 colleges, I wish you would also advise us how many are publicly run by the State or

Dr. CLOUGH. All right. We have a unique thing in the Commonwealth, sir. What we call the State-aided institution, we have only two exclusively, both are State teachers colleges in the southern part of Pennsylvania. It gives certain funds to Temple University and the University of Pennsylvania; we have Lincoln and the University of Pittsburgh, and three or four institutions which help those educational institutions out, but in no way compromise their essentially private character.

Senator HILL. We certainly want to thank you, sir, for this statement. We appreciate it very, very much.

Dr. CLOUGH. Thank you.

Senator HILL. Thank you, sir.

(The statement of the Philadelphia Commission together with the report follows:)

PREPARED STATEMENT OF PHILADELPHIA COMMISSION ON HIGHER EDUCATION

The Philadelphia Commission on Higher Education was established on June 11. 1958, by Mayor Richardson Dilworth under authorization of city council. It was created in accordance with one of the recommendations of the Philadelphia Committee on Higher Educational Opportunities. This committee had been organized by resolution of city council on September 8, 1955.

This committee reported on January 28, 1958, to Mayor Dilworth and to City Council President James H. J. Tate and members of the Philadelphia City Council that "There is a need for a permanent commission concerned with problems and promises of higher education. The function of such a commission should not be to operate educational institutions, hold them accountable, or to review their requests for operating funds, but to assist them in interpreting their requirements to the public."

The committee's report further recommended that the proposed commission should "have authority to use, when necessary, the city's prestige, credit, and influence to secure necessary financial assistance for the colleges from appropriate local, State, and National agencies."

On March 18, 1959, Mayor Dilworth signed into law an ordinance of city council providing funds for equipping the commission's office and financing its work during 1959.

The primary function of the commission is concerned with the availability of post-high school education facilities in anticipation of the "wave" of students in the southeastern Pennsylvania region, and particularly in Philadelphia, during the 1960-70 decade and thereafter.

The commission has the responsibility of keeping the public continuously informed of the dimensions and character of expanded post-high school education needs of all kinds-technical and vocational training, junior and community colleges, as well as baccalaureate, professional, and graduate school programs, and ways of meeting the needs. The commission also stresses to the public the importance of early motivation and guidance toward higher education, the need for equality of educational opportunity, and the accomplishments of local institutions of higher learning.

The commission suggests the advisability of, as well as ways and means for, meeting expanded educational requirements. Possibilities such as greater tax support, augmented corporate, private and philanthropic donations, interinstitu

tional cooperation, the development of junior and community colleges by established educational institutions and the employment of new teaching techniques adaptable to mass audiences or to larger classes will be explored.

The commission may also serve as a clearinghouse of information for educational institutions in the southeastern Pennsylvania region, assist in coordinating the efforts of such institutions to obtain greater public support for their efforts, engage in limited research in specialized areas of post-high school education which are of particular interest to colleges and universities, advise and assist colleges and universities on ways and means of financing expansion plans and initiate or support constructive legislation at all levels of government relating to post-high school education.

The chairman of the commission is Dr. Millard E. Gladfelter, the eminent president of Temple University, an institution which is dedicated to the education of young people with limited financial resources. Dr. Katherine McBride, the president of Bryn Mawr College, is also a member of the commission and until very recently the commission was privileged to have among its members the chairman of the board of trustees of the University of Pennsylvania, Dr. Alfred H. Williams.

Last fall, the commission appointed a distinguished subcommittee to scrutinize the contemporary problems confronting southeastern Pennsylvania in the area of higher education. In the course of this study, a copy of which is appended to this statement, the presidents or their designated representatives of the 24 accredited collegiate institutions of the southeastern Pennsylvania area, were interviewed at some length on the problems confronting their individual institutions. From this series of interviews a large degree of consensus among these responsible officials emerged.

Some of their views are most germane to the legislation being discussed here today. The vast majority of these institutions are in need of additional physical academic facilities to accommodate the students that are now enrolled at their institutions. These institutions, at this time, accommodate over 35,000 full-time undergraduate students and thousands more part-time, evening, graduate, and professional students. A conservative estimate, based on each institution's own enrollment plans, indicates that these same schools plan now to accommodate approximately 60,000 full-time undergraduate students by the year 1970. To increase their enrollments to this expected level it will be essential for these colleges and universities to greatly augment their existing academic facilities. Each school surveyed is currently engaged in long-range planning and fund raising, but it is quite obvious that most of these schools will require considerable financial assistance if they are to meet the demands of tomorrow's students. It would not be appropriate to identify the plight of individual institutions but one of the highest endowed nationally recognized institution has not added any physical facilities since 1938. Another equally outstanding institution finds its present chemistry facilities outdated by technological advances and overcrowded by its current enrollment.

It should be stressed that it is now generally recognized that in general terms each institution will have to approximately double in the next 10 years the services they have built up over the previous years of their existence. Furthermore, the depression of the 1930's, World War II, and to a lesser extent the Korean war, impeded the normal development of physical facilities on campuses throughout the Nation. Now these institutions are asked to accommodate an increasing number of students each year. High school graduates in the Philadelphia and surrounding counties of Bucks, Delaware, Chester, and Montgomery have increased 43 percent in the past 5 years. This was an actual increase of over 10,000 students during the 5-year period. Furthermore, pressures on the area's institutions from outside the metropolitan area have also sharply increased, resulting in a dual pressure on the colleges in the Philadelphia Many of the young people who qualify for college come from families with limited financial resources which precludes such students from considering a higher educational experience other than one within commuting distance. The colleges agreed that their experience with the Federal program which facilitated the construction of dormitory facilities was a satisfactory one and without exception felt that a long-term, low-interest Federal loan program, designed to permit the construction of additional laboratories, libraries, classrooms, and student union buildings, was essential if they are to meet the demands of tomorrow. The business manager of one of our large primarily commuting institutions, noted that the lower rate of interest under a Federal pro

area.

gram will, in many cases, permit the construction of three buildings instead of two or of four instead of three. It must be noted objectively that not all of the institutions intend to expand at the same rate and the problem of additional physical facilities falls more heavily on some schools than others.

This legislation is of particular concern to our commission. In Philadelphia, as throughout the East, our higher educational facilities are primarily private institutions. The commission, its predecessor the Committee on Higher Educational Opportunities in Philadelphia, and the subcommittee of the commission the Committee on Post-High School Facilities and Programs, have independently arrived at the conclusion that the anticipated demands of tomorrow's students can best be met by the existing institutions. These studies have also emphasized that these institutions should endeavor to make more efficient use of their physical facilities and faculty so as to accommodate more students. However, it is apparent that additional academic facilities will be essential to accommodate additional students. One of the favorable features of the Federal loan program as encompassed in S. 1241, is that it will permit the existing universities to borrow funds for the construction of academic facilities without in any way compromising their diverse and private character which the commission feels it is desirable to continue.

The commission, at its meeting on April 27, 1961, discussed the problems relating to the need for additional physical facilities and the group endorsed the principle of Federal aid to colleges and universities for construction of additional housing and academic facilities through either loans or grants, or both.

The Committee on Post-High School Facilities and Programs (the formerly mentioned subcommittee) in its final report, dated June 1961, in its fourth recommendation stated:

"Educational institutions should be helped to overcome their problems of finance in several ways: (a) Appropriate government levels-National, State, and/or local-should assist further through (1) easing the acquisition of land, especially in urban areas, through right of eminent domain and use of the rental or lease system, (2) long-term, low-interest rate loans for the construction or renovation of capital facilities, and through (3) direct grants to educational institutions for capital costs, teaching and other operating purposes. (b) Corporate and other business enterprises, labor unions, foundations, other groups and individuals should be encouraged to give more liberally to the support of educational institutions."

The Philadelphia Commission on Higher Education is well aware that there are other demands from a wide variety of sources for the Federal tax dollar. However, we appear here today to support a measure which asks for loans for the construction of academic facilities at our colleges and universities. We are living in a period where nothing is certain except change and our society's need for qualified and trained young men and women is virtually unlimited. Furthermore, the increasing complexity of our industrial and increasingly urban civilization and the difficult international situation demands a better knowledge and understanding of the world in which we live. A democratic society, in fact, assumes a responsible, rational, and informed citizenry and it is vitally important that educational opportunities be available for the increasing numbers of American youth who will wish to avail themselves of college and university training in the years ahead.

It is hazardous to engage in long-range predictions on future demands upon our colleges and universities. It is quite clear that population growth alone will require additional facilities and the percentage of high school graduates qualifying for and desiring a higher educational opportunity will continue to rise.

In a large urban area like our community these pressures are magnified by a population increase which is higher than the national average and by socioeconomic conditions which appear to lead more students to attend colleges within commuting distance of their homes so as to minimize the strain on the family budget. In the Philadelphia area, the cost of a college education has roughly doubled in the past decade. This fact coupled with the larger families of the college sending segment of our population also contributes to the increasing demand upon our local institutions of higher learning. Furthermore, the income level of most of the families in the city proper precludes those families from sending their sons and daughters away from home to pursue their education.