people of the United States or its national security or welfare and that there is no prospect that such critical shortage may soon be remedied by an increase in the available supply without additional governmental action and that the situation cannot be solved by voluntary agreement under the provisions of this Act [section 1911-1919 of this Appendix], he may prepare proposed measures for conserving such raw material, commodity, or product which he shall submit to the Congress in the following form:

(1) A statement of the circumstances which, in the President's judgment, require the proposed conservation measures.

(2) A detailed procedure for the administration of the proposed measures including the additional budget and additional personnel required for their enforcement.

(3) The proposed degree of curtailment in current and prospective use of each such raw material, commodity, or product by each processor and/or user thereof, including the specific formulae proposed for such curtailment with respect to each class or classes of processors or users and the criteria used in the establishment of such formulae. (4) A complete record of the factual evidence upon which his recommendations are based, including all information provided by any agency of the Federal Government which may have been avail. able to him in the course of his consideration of the matter.

(b) Within fifteen days after the submission of such proposed conservation measures, the Joint Committee on the Economic Report shall conduct public hearings thereon and shall make such recommendations to the Congress for legislative action as in its judgment the recommendations of the President and any additional information disclosed at the public hearings may require. (Dec. 30, 1947, ch. 526, § 6, 61 Stat. 947.)

§ 1917. Production of foods in non-European foreign countries. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, in order to alleviate and prevent shortages in foods, agricultural commodities, and products thereof, Commodity Credit Corporation is authorized to carry out projects to stimulate and increase the production of foods, agricultural commodities, and products thereof, in non-European foreign countries. Such projects may include procurement, the making of advances and price guaranties, the furnishing of technical information and assistance, the furnishing of seed, fertilizer, machinery, equipment and other materials, and such other actions as are necessary or incident to the carrying out of such projects: Provided, That any such program is first submitted to Congress by the Secretary of Agriculture, and is not disapproved by concurrent resolution of Congress within sixty days thereafter. (Dec. 30, 1947, ch. 526, § 7, 61 Stat. 947.)

§ 1918. Food and conservation program; appropriations; adminis trative expenses.-(a) In order to alleviate shortages in foods and feeds, and to assist in stabilizing prices, the President shall carry out a program for the conservation of food and feed. In carrying out such program, the President is authorized, through the dissemination of information, educational and other campaigns, the furnishing of assistance, and such other voluntary and cooperative measures as he deems necessary or appropriate, to encourage and promote the

efficient utilization, care, and preservation of food and feed, the elimination of practices which waste food and feed, the control and eradication of insects and rodents, the consumption of less of these foods and feeds which are in short supply and more of those foods and feeds which are in abundant supply, and other conservation practices. The authority herein conferred may be exercised by the President through such departments, agencies, independent establishments, and officials of the Federal Government and such State, local, and private agencies as he may determine.

(b) There is hereby authorized to be appropriated to the President such sums as may be necessary to carry out this section. To enable the President to carry out this section for the remainder of the fiscal year ending June 30, 1948, there is hereby made available not to exceed $1,000,000 from any funds made available by the Congress for carrying out Public Law 84, Eightieth Congréss [sections 1411-1417 of this Appendix], or from any funds made available by the Congress for interim foreign aid. Funds made available for the purpose of this section may be used for necessary administrative expenses, including personal services in the District of Columbia and elsewhere, purchase or hire of motor vehicles, temporary or intermittent services of experts or consultants or organizations thereof, including stenographic reporting services, by contract, without regard to the civil service and classification laws (the compensation of any such individual not to exceed $50 per day). Funds made available for the purposes of this section may be allotted for any of the purposes of this section to any department, agency, or independent establishment of the Government, or transferred to any other agency requested to assist in carrying out this section. Funds allotted to any department, agency, or independent establishment of the Government shall be available for obligation and expenditure in accordance with the laws governing obligations and expenditures of the department, agency, or independent establishment, or organizational unit thereof concerned, and without regard to sections 3709 and 3648 of the Revised Statutes, as amended [section 5 of Title 41 and section 529 of Title 31]. (Dec. 30, 1947, ch. 526, § 8, 61 Stat. 947.)

§ 1919. Authorizations for appropriations.-There is authorized to be appropriated such amounts as may be necessary for purposes of carrying out the provisions of this joint resolution [sections 19111919 of this Appendix]. (Dec. 30, 1947, ch. 526, § 9, 61 Štat. 948.)

EXPORT CONTROLS

§ 2021. Congressional findings.-(a) Certain materials continue in short supply at home and abroad so that the quantity of United States exports and their distribution among importing countries affect the welfare of domestic economy and have an important bearing upon the fulfillment of the foreign policy of the United States.

(b) The unrestricted export of materials without regard to their potential military significance may affect the national security. (Feb. 26, 1949, ch. 11, § 1, (a, b), 63 Stat. 7.)

Short title. Congress in enacting sections 2021-2032 of this Appendix provided in part by section 1 of Act Feb. 26, 1949, cited to text, that these sections should be popularly known as the "Export Control Act of 1949.”

§ 2022. Congressional declaration of policy.-The Congress declares that it is the policy of the United States to use export controls to the extent necessary (a) to protect the domestic economy from the excessive drain of scarce materials and to reduce the inflationary impact of abnormal foreign demand; (b) to further the foreign policy of the United States and to aid in fulfilling its international responsibilities; and (c) to exercise the necessary vigilance over exports from the standpoint of their significance to the national security. (Feb. 26, 1949, ch. 11, § 2, 63 Stat. 7.)

§ 2023. Authority to effectuate policies; delegation; limitations.— (a) To effectuate the policies set forth in section 2 hereof [section 2022 of this Appendix], the President may prohibit or curtail the exportation from the United States, its Territories, and possessions, of any articles, materials, or supplies, including technical data, except under such rules and regulations as he shall prescribe. To the extent necessary to achieve effective enforcement of this Act [sections 2021-2032 of this Appendix], such rules and regulations may apply to the financing, transporting, and other servicing of exports and the participation therein by any person.

(b) The President may delegate the power, authority, and discretion conferred upon him by this Act [sections 2021-2032 of this Appendix] to such departments, agencies, or officials of the Government as he may deem appropriate.

(c) The authority conferred by this section shall not be exercised with respect to any agricultural commodity, including fats and oils, during any period for which the supply of such commodity is determined by the Secretary of Agriculture to be in excess of the requirements of the domestic economy, except to the extent required to effectuate the policies set forth in clause (b) or clause (c) of section 2 hereof [section 2022 of this Appendix]. (Feb. 26, 1949, ch. 11, § 3, 63 Stat. 7.)

82024. Consultations for determination of controls; standards or criteria established.-(a) In determining which articles, materials, or supplies shall be controlled hereunder, and in determining the extent to which exports thereof shall be limited, any department, agency, or official making these determinations shall seek information and advice from the several executive departments and independent agencies concerned with aspects of our domestic and foreign policies and operations having an important bearing on exports.

(b) In authorizing exports, full utilization of private competitive trade channels shall be encouraged insofar as practicable, giving consideration to the interests of small business, merchant exporters as well as producers, and established and new exporters, and provisions shall be made for representative trade consultation to that end. In addition, there may be applied such other standards or criteria as may be deemed necessary by the head of such department or agency, or official to carry out the policies of this Act [sections 2021-2032 of this Appendix]. (Feb. 26, 1949, ch. 11, § 4, 63 Stat. 8.)

§ 2025. Violations; penalties.-In case of the violation of any provision of this Act [sections 2021-2032 of this Appendix] or any regulation, order, or license issued hereunder, such violator or violators, upon conviction, shall be punished by a fine of not more than $10,000 or

by imprisonment for not more than one year, or by both such fine and imprisonment. (Feb. 26, 1949, ch. 11, § 5, 63 Stat. 8.)

§ 2026. Enforcement; compliance with requirements; disclosure of information.-(a) To the extent necessary or appropriate to the enforcement of this Act [sections 2021-2032 of this Appendix], the head of any department or agency exercising any functions hereunder (and officers or employees of such department or agency specifically designated by the head thereof) may make such investigations and obtain such information from, require such reports or the keeping of such records by, make such inspection of the books, records, and other writings, premises, or property of, and take the sworn testimony of, any person. In addition, such officers or employees may administer oaths or affirmations, and may by subpena require any person to appear and testify or to appear and produce books, records, and other writings, or both, and in case of contumacy by, or refusal to obey a subpena issued to, any such person, the district court of the United States for any district in which such person is found or resides or transacts business, upon application, and after notice to any such person and hearing shall have jurisdiction to issue an order requiring such person to appear and give testimony or to appear and produce books, records, and other writings, or both, and any failure to obey such order of the court may be punished by such court as a contempt thereof.

(b) No person shall be excused from complying with any requirements under this section because of his privilege against self-incrimination, but the immunity provisions of the Compulsory Testimony Act of February 11, 1893 (27 Stat. 443) [section 46 of Title 49], shall apply with respect to any individual who specifically claims such privilege.

(c) No department, agency, or official exercising any functions under this Act [sections 2021-2032 of this Appendix], shall publish or disclose information obtained hereunder which is deemed confidential or with reference to which a request for confidential treatment is made by the person furnishing such information unless the head of such department or agency determines that the withholding thereof is contrary to the national interest. (Feb. 26, 1949, ch. 11, § 6, 63 Stat. 8.)

82027. Exemption from Administrative Procedure Act.-The functions exercised under this Act [sections 2021-2032 of this Appendix] shall be excluded from the operation of the Administrative Procedure Act (60 Stat. 237) [sections 1001-1011 of Title 5], except as to the requirements of section 3 thereof [section 1002 of Title 5]. (Feb. 26, 1949, ch. 11, § 7, 63 Stat. 9.)

82028. Quarterly reports.-The head of any department or agency, or official exercising any functions under this Act [sections 2021-2032 of this Appendix] shall make a quarterly report, within forty-five days after each quarter, to the President and to the Congress of his operations hereunder. (Feb. 26, 1949, ch. 11, § 8, Stat. 9.)

§ 2029. Definitions. The term "person" as used herein [sections 2021-2032 of the Appendix] shall include the singular and the plural and any individual, partnership, corporation, or other form of association, including any government or agency thereof. (Feb. 26, 1949, ch. 11, § 9, 63 Stat. 9.)

8 2030. Effect on other Acts.-The Act of February 15, 1936 (49 Stat. 1140) [sections 86-88 of this title], relating to the licensing of exports of tin-plate scrap, is superseded; but nothing contained in this Act [sections 2021-2032 of this Appendix] shall be construed to modify, repeal, supersede, or otherwise affect the provisions of any other laws authorizing control over exports of any commodity. (Feb. 26, 1949, ch. 11, § 10, 63 Stat. 9.)

§ 2031. Effective date. This Act shall take effect February 28, 1949, upon the expiration of section 6 of the Act of July 2, 1940 (54 Stat. 714), as amended [section 701 of this Appendix]. All outstanding delegations, rules, regulations, orders, licenses, or other forms of administrative action under said section 6 of the Act of July 2, 1940 [section 701 of this Appendix], shall, until amended or revoked, remain in ful! force and effect, the same as if promulgated under this Act [sections 2021-2032 of this Appendix]. (Feb. 26, 1949, ch. 11, § 11, 63 Stat. 9.)

§ 2032. Termination date.-The authority granted herein [sections 2021-2032 of this Appendix] shall terminate on June 30, 1951, or upon any prior date which the Congress by concurrent resolution or the President may designate. (Feb. 26, 1949, ch. 11, § 12, 63 Stat. 9.)

DEFENSE PRODUCTION ACT OF 1950

§ 2061. Short title.-This Act [sections 2061-2166 of the Appendix], divided into titles, may be cited as "the Defense Production Act of 1950." (Sept. 8, 1950, ch. 932, § 1, 64 Stat. 798.) Termination of Act, see section 2166 of this Appendix.

§ 2062. Declaration of policy.—It is the policy of the United States to oppose acts of aggression and to promote peace by insuring respect for world law and the peaceful settlement of differences among nations. To that end this Government is pledged to support collective action through the United Nations and through regional arrangements for mutual defense in conformity with the Charter of the United Nations. The United States is determined to develop and maintain whatever military and economic strength is found to be necessary to carry out this purpose. Under present circumstances, this task requires diversion of certain materials and facilities from civilian use to military and related purposes. It requires expansion of productive facilities beyond the levels needed to meet the civilian demand. In order that this diversion and expansion may proceed at once, and that the national economy may be maintained with the maximum effectiveness and the least hardship, normal civilian production and purchases must be curtailed and redirected.

It is the objective of this Act [sections 2061-2166 of this Appendix] to provide the President with authority to accomplish these adjustments in the operation of the economy. It is the intention of the Congress that the President shall use the powers conferred by this Act [sections 2061-2166 of this Appendix] to promote the national defense, by meeting, promptly and effectively, the requirements of military programs in support of our national security and foreign policy objectives, and by preventing undue strains and dislocations upon wages, prices, and production or distribution of materials for civilian use, within the framework, as far as practicable, of the American system of competitive enterprise. (Sept. 8, 1950, ch. 932, § 2, 64 Stat. 798.)