(b) With respect to the reduction or extension of the zones described under the terms of the Convention, the Secretary shall give notice thereof by publication of such information in Notices to Mariners issued by the United States Coast Guard and United States Navy. (Pub. L. 87-167, § 12, Aug. 30, 1961, 75 Stat. 404; Pub. L. 89-551, § 1(8), Sept. 1, 1966, 80 Stat. 375.)

§ 1012. Repealed. Pub. L. 89-551, § 1(9), Sept. 1, 1966, 80 Stat. 375.

Section, Pub. L. 87-167, § 13, Aug. 30, 1961, 75 Stat. 405, set out the form and required entries for the oil record book. See section 1008 of this title. § 1013. Appropriations.

There is authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this chapter. (Pub. L. 87-167, § 14, Aug. 30, 1961, 75 Stat. 407.)

§ 1014. Effect on other laws.

Nothing in this chapter or in regulations issued hereunder shall be construed to modify or amend the provisions of the Oil Pollution Act, 1924, or section 89 of Title 14. (Pub. L. 87–167, § 16, Aug. 30, 1961, 75 Stat. 407.)

REFERENCES IN TEXT

The Oil Pollution Act, 1924, referred to in text, was repealed by Pub. L. 91-224, title I, § 108, Apr. 3, 1970, 84 Stat. 113, and its provisions are generally covered by section 1151 et. seq. of this title.

§ 1015. Effective date.

(a) This chapter shall become effective upon the date of its enactment or upon the date the amended Convention becomes effective as to the United States, whichever is the later date.

(b) Any rights or liabilities existing on the effective date of this chapter shall not be affected by the enactment of this chapter. Any procedures or rules or regulations in effect on the effective date of this chapter shall remain in effect until modified or superseded under the authority of this chapter. Any reference in any other law or rule or regulation prescribed pursuant to law to the "International Convention for the Prevention of the Pollution of the Sea by Oil, 1954," shall be deemed to be a reference to that Convention as revised by the "Amendments of the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution of the Sea by Oil, 1954," which were adopted by a Conference of Contracting Governments convened at London on April 11, 1962. Any reference in any other law or rule or regulation prescribed pursuant to law to the "Oil Pollution Act, 1961," approved August 30, 1961, shall be deemed to be a reference to that Act as amended by this Act. (Pub. L. 87-167, § 17. Aug. 30, 1961, 75 Stat. 407; Pub. L. 89-551, § 1(10), Sept. 1, 1966, 80 Stat. 375.)

COUNCIL ON ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY

CREATION AND PURPOSE.-The Council on Environmental Quality was established by the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (83 Stat. 852; 42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.), to formulate and recommend national policies to promote the improvment of the quality of the environment. The Office of Environmental Quality, which provides staff for the Council, was subsequently established by title II of the Environmental Quality Improvement Act of 1970 (84 Stat. 114; 42 U.S.C. 4372).

ACTIVITIES.-The Council develops and recommends to the President national policies which promote environmental quality, performs a continuing analysis of changes or trends in the national environment, and assists the President in the preparation of the annual environmental quality report to the Congress.

(411)

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

CREATION AND AUTHORITY.-The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was established in the executive branch as an independent agency pursuant to Reorganization Plan 3 of 1970, effective December 2, 1970.

PURPOSE. The Environmental Protection Agency was created to permit coordinated and effective governmental action to assure the protection of the environment by abating and controlling pollution on a systematic basis. Reorganization Plan 3 of 1970 transferred to EPA a variety of research, monitoring, standard-setting and enforcement activities related to pollution abatement and control which, when properly integrated, will provide for the treatment of the environment as a single interrelated system. Complementary to these activities is the Agency's coordination and support of research and antipollution activities carried out by State and local governments, private and public groups, individuals, and educational institutions. EPA will also reinforce efforts among other Federal agencies with respect to the impact of their operations on the environment.

Sec.

Chapter 55-NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY

4321. Congressional declaration of purpose.

SUBCHAPTER I.-POLICIES AND GOALS

4331. Congressional declaration of national environmental policy.

4332. Cooperation of agencies; reports; availability of information; recommendations; international and national coordination of efforts.

4333.

Conformity of administrative procedures to national environmental policy.

4334. Other statutory obligations of agencies.

4335. Efforts supplemental to existing authorizations.

SUBCHAPTER II.-COUNCIL ON ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY

4341. Reports to Congress; recommendations for legislation. Establishment; membership: Chairman; appointments.

4342.

$343, Employment of personnel, experts and consultants. 4344. Duties and functions.

1345.

Consultation with the Citizen's Advisory Committee on Environmental Quality and other representatives. 4346 Tenure and compensation of members.

$347. Authorization of appropriation.

§ 4321. Congressional declaration of purpose.

The purposes of this chapter are: To declare a national policy which will encourage productive and enjoyable harmony between man and his environment; to promote efforts which will prevent or eliminate damage to the environment and biosphere and stimulate the health and welfare of man; to enrich the understanding of the ecological systems and natural resources important to the Nation; and to establish a Council on Environmental Quality. (Pub. L. 91-190, § 2, Jan. 1, 1970, 83 Stat.

SHORT TITLE

Section 1 Pub. L. 91-190 provided: "That this Act [enacting this chapter] may be cited as the 'National Environmental Policy Act of 1969'."

Ex. ORD. NO. 11514. PROTECTION AND ENHANCEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY Ex. Ord. No. 11514, Mar. 5, 1970, 35 F.R. 4247, provided:

By virtue of the authority vested in me as President of the United States and in furtherance of the purpose and policy of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (Public Law No. 91-190, approved January 1, 1970) [this chapter], it is ordered as follows:

SECTION 1. Policy. The Federal Government shall provide leadership in protecting and enhancing the quality of the Nation's environment to sustain and enrich human life. Federal agencies shall initiate measures needed to direct their policies, plans and programs so as to meet national environmental goals. The Council on Environmental Quality, through the Chairman, shall advise and assist the President in leading this national effort.

SEC. 2. Responsibilities of Federal agencies. Consonant with Title I of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 [sections 4331-4335 of this Title], hereafter referred to as the "Act", the heads of Federal agencies shall:

(a) Monitor, evaluate, and control on a continuing basis their agencies' activities so as to protect and enhance the quality of the environment. Such activities shall include those directed to controlling pollution and enhancing the environment and those designed to accomplish other program objectives which may affect the quality of the environment. Agencies shall develop programs and measures to protect and enhance environmental quality and shall assess progress in meeting the specific objectives of such activities. Heads of agencies shall consult with appropriate Federal, State and local agencies in carrying out their activities as they affect the quality of the environment.

(b) Develop procedures to ensure the fullest practicable provision of timely public information and understanding of Federal plans and programs with environmental impact in order to obtain the views of interested parties. These procedures shall include, whenever appropriate, provision for public hearings, and shall provide the public with relevant information, including information on alternative courses of action. Federal agencies shall also encourage State and local agencies to adopt similar procedures for informing the public concerning their activities affecting the quality of the environment.

(c) Insure that information regarding existing or potential environmental problems and control methods developed as part of research, development, demonstration, test, or evaluation activities is made available to Federal agencies, States, counties, municipalities, institutions, and other entities, as ap propriate.

(d) Review their agencies' statutory authority, administrative regulations, policies, and procedures, including those relating to loans, grants, contracts, leases, licenses, or permits, in order to identify any deficiencies or inconsistencies therein which prohibit or limit full compliance with the purposes and provisions of the Act. A report on this review and the corrective actions taken or planned, including such measures to be proposed to the President as may be necessary to bring their authority and policies into conformance with the intent, purposes, and procedures of the Act, shall be provided to the Council on Environmental Quality not later than September 1, 1970.

(e) Engage in exchange of data and research results, and cooperate with agencies of other governments to foster the purposes of the Act.

(f) Proceed, in coordination with other agencies, with actions required by section 102 of the Act [section 4332 of this title].

SEC. 3. Responsibilities of Council on Environmental Quality. The Council on Environmental Quality shall:

(a) Evaluate existing and proposed policies and activities of the Federal Government directed to the control of pollution and the enhancement of the environment and to the accomplishment of other objectives which affect the quality of the environment. This shall include continuing review of procedures employed in the development and enforcement of Federal standards affecting environmental quality. Based upon such evaluations the Council shall, where appropriate, recommend to the President policies and programs to achieve more effective protection and enhancement of environmental quality and shall, where appropriate, seek resolution of significant environmental issues.

(b) Recommend to the President and to the agencies priorities among programs designed for the control of pollution and for enhancement of the environment.

(c) Determine the need for new policies and programs for dealing with environmental problems not being adequately addressed.

(d) Conduct, as it determines to be appropriate, public hearings or confer ences on issues of environmental significance.

(e) Promote the development and use of indices and monitoring systems (1) to assess environmental conditions and trends, (2) to predict the environmental impact of proposed public and private actions, and (3) to determine the effectiveness of programs for protecting and enhancing environmental quality.

(f) Coordinate Federal programs related to environmental quality.

(g) Advise and assist the President and the agencies in achieving interna tional cooperation for dealing with environmental problems, under the foreign policy guidance of the Secretary of State.

(h) Issue guidelines to Federal agencies for the preparation of detailed statements on proposals for legislation and other Federal actions affecting the environment, as required by section 102 (2) (C) of the Act [section 4332 (2) (C) of this title].

(i) Issue such other instructions to agencies, and request such reports and other information from them, as may be required to carry out the Council's responsibilities under the Act.

(j) Assist the President in preparing the annual Environmental Quality Report provided for in section 201 of the Act [section 4341 of this title].

(k) Foster investigations, studies, surveys, research, and analyses relating to (i) ecological systems and environmental quality, (ii) the impact of new and changing technologies thereon, and (iii) means of preventing or reducing adverse effects from such technologies.

SEC. 4. Amendments of E.O. 11472. Executive Order No. 11472 of May 29, 1969, including the heading thereof, is hereby amended:

(1) By substituting for the term "the Environmental Quality Council". wherever it occurs, the following: "the Cabinet Committee on the Environment”.

(2) By substituting for the term "the Council", wherever it occurs, the fol lowing: "the Cabinet Committee".

(3) By inserting in subsection (f) of section 101, after "Budget,", the following: "the Director of the Office of Science and Technology,".

(4) By substituting for subsection (g) of section 101 the following:

"(g) The Chairman of the Council on Environmental Quality (established by Public Law 91-190) [this chapter] shall assist the President in directing the affairs of the Cabinet Committee."

(5) By deleting subsection (c) of section 102.

(6) By substituting for "the Office of Science and Technology", in section 104, the following: "the Council on Environmental Quality (established by Publie Law 91-190) [this chapter]".

(7) By substituting for "(hereinafter referred to as the 'Committee')", in seetion 201, the following: "(hereinafter referred to as the 'Citizens' Committee")". (8) By substituting for the term "the Committee", wherever it occurs, the following: "the Citizens' Committee".

RICHARD NIXON.

EX ORD. NO. 11523, NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION CONTROL COUNCIL

Ex. Ord. No. 11523, Apr. 9, 1970, 35 F.R. 5993. provided:

By virtue of the authority vested in me as President of the United States, and in furtherance of the purpose and policy of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (Public Law 91-190, approved January 1, 1970) [this chapter], it is ordered as follows:

SECTION 1. Establishment of the Council. (a) There is hereby established the National Industrial Pollution Control Council (hereinafter referred to as "the Industrial Council") which shall be composed of a Chairman, a Vice-chairman, and other representatives of business and industry appointed by the Secretary of Commerce (hereinafter referred to as "the Secretary").

(b) The Secretary, with the concurrence of the Chairman, shall appoint an Executive Director of the Industrial Council.

SEC. 2. Functions of the Industrial Council. The Industrial Council shall advise the President and the Chairman of the Council on Environmental Quality,