culated. The reduced number which the CNO put forward was therefore not in any way a lack of confidence in the capabilities of enlisted women but a reflection of congressional cuts in our end-strength requests. On the "reclassification" of the Mobile Logistics Support Force (MLSF), its change of name to the Combat Logistics Force (CLF) did not remove a single vessel from the list of those on which women may serve under the law. The name change merely reflected the difference in mission between those ships which sail with battle groups (the CLF) and those which sail only to the edge of the battle zone (MLSF). Finally, the Federal District Court ruling of sexual discrimination against the Navy in the Delgado case is currently under review, particularly with regard to the future of the equal employment opportunity official in question. I cannot say anything further so as not to prejudice his rights under the law. In summary, these and other efforts prove that the Navy's policy toward women is to ensure their maximum utilization. The Navy makes every effort to place women in areas where there is growth and upward mobility. The Navy has zero tolerance for sexual harrassment. We support equal opportunity for all women in the Navy and are constantly on the lookout to eliminate any artificial barriers that may stand in the way. The Navy is constantly seeking new ways to better employ our women to their highest potential. Senator COHEN. Do you feel women in the Navy should be allowed to perform any job based on their personal qualifications? Mr. GARRETT. Absolutely. Women should be allowed to perform any job for which they qualify that is not in conflict with the law. NAVY WIVES Senator COHEN. In a November address to the Defense Advisory Committee on Women in the services, Secretary Lehman said that the cost and trouble of reconfiguring ships to accommodate women would be negligible and that the real obstacle to putting women in more ships was the fear of opposition from Navy wives. Do you agree that this is a principle reason for not increasing the sea duty assignments for Navy women? Mr. GARRETT. Title 10, U.S. Code, Section 6015 limits the type of ships to which women may be assigned. This is the principle reason for limiting sea duty assignments for Navy women. A 1980 study by the Navy Personal Research and Development Center showed that only 5 percent of officer wives and 8 percent of enlisted wives felt negative toward the prospect of their husbands associating with Navy women on an unaccompanied tour or aboard ship. [Whereupon, at 11:12 a.m., the hearing was adjourned.] [The nomination of H. Lawrence Garrett III was reported to the Senate by Senator Sam Nunn on August 4, 1987, with the recommendation that the nomination be confirmed. The nomination was confirmed by the Senate on August 5, 1987.] NOMINATION OF ADM. WILLIAM J. CROWE, JR., U.S. NAVY, FOR REAPPOINTMENT AS CHAIRMAN OF THE JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 29, 1987 U.S. SENATE, COMMITTEE ON ARMED SERVICES, Washington, DC. The committee met, pursuant to notice, at 10:32 a.m., in room SR-222, Russell Senate Office Building, Senator Sam Nunn (chairman) presiding. Present: Senators Nunn, Exon, Glenn, Shelby, and Warner. Staff present: Arnold L. Punaro, staff director; Patrick A. Tucker, minority counsel; Robert G. Bell, John J. Hamre, James R. Locher III, Frederick F.Y. Pang, and Sherri Wasserman Goodman, professional staff members; Pamela G. Powell, staff assistant. Also present: Jeffrey B. Subko, assistant to Senator Exon; William J. Lynn, assistant to Senator Kennedy; Charles C. Smith, assistant to Senator Dixon; Milton D. Beach, assistant to Senator Glenn; Terrence Lynch, assistant to Senator Shelby; Mark J. Albrecht, assistant to Senator Wilson; Samuel J. Routson, assistant to Senator Symms; Patrick A. Putignano, assistant to Senator McCain. Chairman NUNN. The committee will come to order. Our committee meets this morning to consider the nomination of Adm. William J. Crowe, Jr., U.S. Navy, to serve a second 2-year term as Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Nation's most senior military position. Admiral Crowe needs no introduction to the membership of this committee. He has appeared before the committee many times, especially during the last 2 years. In addition, there has been an excellent dialogue between Admiral Crowe and members of the committee on a number of important defense issues. When Admiral Crowe appeared before the committee at the time of his first nomination to serve as Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, I made the following prediction about him. I said, and I quote my remarks at that time: "I think he is the right man in the right place at the right time." In my view, this was an accurate prediction. Admiral Crowe has performed his demanding responsibilities in a difficult period with considerable skill, intellect, and positive results. As the challenges of the next 2 years may be greater than those of his first term, Admiral Crowe's experience and expertise may be further tested. Although Admiral Crowe will not be solely responsi 77-336 0 - 88 - 7 ble for many of these challenges, he will have a very important role in confronting them. I would just like to list these challenges as I see them in a very broad fashion this morning, before we get into our questions. First, there is the U.S. military strategy. Recent attention on this long-neglected subject has revealed serious deficiencies in the formulation and articulation of our strategy. I know that Admiral Crowe has assigned high priority to strategy-making and has been working on improvements. I also know that Secretary Weinberger has a special group working on strategy now. I have been in touch with them, and I look forward to getting the benefit of their views. Second is the need for fiscal reality in defense planning and programming. The Pentagon's 5-Year Defense Plan is out of line with both the President's budget and congressional projections. Of course, it is much more out of line with congressional projection than it is with the President's budget. But there is a gap between the President's budget and the Pentagon budget which is very large. Tough budgetary decisions will be the order of the day for the next several years. The committee staff now estimates that the Pentagon's 5-Year Defense Plan is some $300 billion over the congressional budget resolution levels projected for the same period. Of course, I hope that there can be ways found to get the congressional budget up. But, I must confess, I am not terribly optimistic about that. In this austere environment, we must have a better sense of priorities from the Department of Defense than we have received in the past. The third challenge will be establishing a more direct link between the defense budget and our military strategy. Testimony before this committee revealed the absence of a strategic context for many program proposals. This will be even more important for us to begin to come to grips with as the budget squeeze is on. Fourth is the need for effective implementation of management and organizational reforms, both from the Goldwater-Nichols Department of Defense Reorganization Act and the Packard Commission. As Secretary Godwin's resignation has demonstrated, institutional resistance within the Department of Defense to some of the reform programs that have indeed been endorsed by the President and even the Secretary of Defense remains very formidable. Of particular concern are not only acquisition reform and resource allocation problems, but also Special Operations Forces, reorganization and reform, independent net assessments, and improved contingency planning. Admiral Crowe, I look forward to reviewing the net assessment that you have delivered to the committee. It is in classified form, and I think that it is enormously important. I look forward to reviewing that at an appropriate time, and going into some detail with you on that. A fifth challenge relates to what I would call the post-INF era, assuming we get an INF agreement that is in the form of a treaty and assuming at some point that the Senate will ratify that. Those assumptions may or may not prove to be accurate. But, nevertheless, whether or not we get an INF agreement, the whole question of conventional force balance and conventional arms control, I think, has to be addressed by this country and by our NATO alli ance. Admiral Crowe's net assessment as the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff concluded in his testimony earlier this year that the trends in the NATO-Warsaw Pact military balance are negative. The potential removal of all intermediate-range nuclear force weapons in Europe gives impetus to the need for that kind of review. I hasten to add that we had an imbalance in conventional forces before the Soviets put SS-20 missiles in Europe; we are going to continue to have an imbalance after. To attribute everything we have in NATO to the INF matter is, I think, misreading history. The committee would like to hear, Admiral Crowe, how you intend to meet these challenges, assuming that you are confirmed for a second term as Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. I am sure there will also be many other questions. Before hearing Admiral Crowe's opening statement, I will ask if there are any other members of the committee who have statements. Senator Warner is on the floor now. Unfortunately, we have the Defense bill pending at a time we are having a hearing, but there was no avoiding that. We have to move on this matter before October 1 to ensure that we will have a JCS Chairman continuing in place in this very important position. Senator Warner I am sure will be over in just a few minutes. Senator EXON. Mr. Chairman, I have no opening statement. I just want to welcome the Admiral here. I will have some comments, questions, and suggestions when my time comes. Chairman NUNN. Thank you. Senator Shelby. Senator SHELBY. Mr. Chairman, I do not have any opening statement, but I do welcome Admiral Crowe. I will have some questions when we get into the hearing. Chairman NUNN. The prepared statement submitted by Senator Dixon will be entered into the record at this point. [The statement of Senator Alan J. Dixon follows:] PREPARED STATEMENT BY SENATOR ALAN J. DIXON Mr. Chairman, today we will discuss the President's nomination to reappoint Adm. William J. Crowe, Jr., as Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, to complete a second 2-year term. Admiral Crowe was appointed the 11th Chairman of the Joint Chiefs in 1985. He has done an excellent job in this position. I will join my colleagues in supporting the reappointment of Admiral Crowe. [The nomination reference of Admiral William J. Crowe, Jr. follows:] NOMINATION REFERENCE AS IN EXECUTIVE SESSION, Ordered, that the following nomination be referred to the Committee on Armed Services: The following named officer for reappointment as Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff under Title 10, United States Code, section 152. Adm. William J. Crowe, Jr., United States Navy, to be Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. [The biographical sketch of Admiral William J. Crowe, Jr., which was transmitted at the time the nomination was referred follows:] BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF ADM. WILLIAM J. CROWE, JR. Admiral William J. Crowe, Jr., was appointed the eleventh Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Department of Defense, by President Ronald Reagan on October 1, 1985. In this capacity, he serves as the senior military advisor to the President, the Secretary of Defense and the National Security Council. Admiral Crowe served as Commander in Chief, U.S. Pacific Command, prior to his current appointment. Born on January 2, 1925, in La Grange, Kentucky, Admiral Crowe moved to Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, at the age of five and grew up there. He attended Classen High School and the University of Oklahoma for one year. He graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1946 with the Class of 1947. His further academic achievements include a Master of Arts in Education from Stanford University and a Ph.D. in Politics from Princeton. His initial sea tour was aboard USS CARMICK (DMS-33), followed in June 1948 by studies at the Naval Submarine School, New London, Connecticut. He qualified in submarines on 31 March 1950 in the submarine USS FLYING FISH (SS-29), then served as Flag Lieutenant and Aide to the Commander, Submarine Force, U.S. Atlantic Fleet. He was assigned to the submarine USS CLAMAGORE (SS-343) from 1952-1954 and as Assistant to the Naval Aide to the President of the United States from 1954-1955. He served as Executive Officer of the submarine USS WAHOO (SS565) in Honolulu, Hawaii, and Commanding Officer of the submarine USS TROUT (SS-566) in Charleston, South Carolina, prior to assignment as Commander, Submarine Division THIRTY-ONE in San Diego, California. Significant shore assignments, prior to attaining Flag rank, include: Aide to the Deputy Chief of Naval Operations (Plans and Policy); Director of East Asia and Pacific Branch, Politico-Military Division, Office of the Chief of Naval Operations; Senior U.S. adviser to the Vietnamese Riverine Force, Republic of Vietnam; and Director of the Office for Micronesian Status Negotiations, Department of the Interior. After promotion to Rear Admiral in June 1974, he reported as Deputy Director, Strategic Plans, Policy, Nuclear Systems and National Security Affairs Division, Office of the Chief of Naval Operations. From January 1975 to June 1976, he served as Director, East Asia and Pacific Region, Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (International Security Affairs). On 30 June 1976, he assumed duties as Commander, Middle East Force, a command based in Bahrain in the Persian Gulf, which he held until July 1977. In August 1977, as a Vice Admiral, he was assigned as Deputy Chief of Naval Operations (Plans, Policy and Operations), as well as Senior U.S. Military Representative to the United Nations. Admiral Crowe's promotion to Admiral was approved by the Senate on 28 March 1980. He became the Commander in Chief, Allied Forces Southern Europe on 30 May 1980. He assumed the additional responsibility as Commander in Chief of U.S. Naval Forces Europe on 1 January 1983. Admiral Crowe became Commander in Chief, U.S. Pacific Command on 1 July 1983. Admiral Crowe is married to the former Shirley Grennell of Okeene, Oklahoma. They have three children: Blake, Brent and Bambi. Their son, Blake, is a lieutenant in the U.S. Marine Corps. Chairman NUNN. Thank you. Admiral, we would be delighted to hear from you STATEMENT OF ADM. WILLIAM J. CROWE, JR., FOR REAPPOINTMENT AS CHAIRMAN OF THE JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF Admiral CROWE. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I do have a very short opening statement, sir. I am honored that President Reagan has asked me to serve a second term as Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. |