(ii) describe the plans of the Administrator to conduct research, over the 12- to 15-year period beginning on the date of the submission or revision, to resolve the uncertainties about drinking water risks;

(iii) identify unmet needs, priorities for study, how the results of the studies may be used to better understand the risks of drinking water exposures for nearterm decisionmaking, and to improve the scientific basis for decisionmaking over time; and

(iv) address the uncertainties that will likely remain even after the research is completed and what the uncertainties imply for decisionmaking by the Administrator and for communicating the decisions to the public and Congress.

GRANTS FOR STATE PROGRAMS

(A) IN GENERAL.-A grant under paragraph (1) shall be made to cover not more than 75 per centum of the grant recipient's costs (as determined under regulations of the Administrator) in carrying out, during the one-year period beginning on the date the grant is made, a public water system supervision program. (B) DETERMINATION OF COSTS.-In order to determine the costs of a grant recipient pursuant to this paragraph, the Administrator shall, in cooperation with the States and not later than 60 days after the date of enactment of this subparagraph, establish a resource model for the public water system supervision program and review and revise the model as necessary.

(7) For the purposes of making grants under paragraph (1) there are authorized to be appropriated $15,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1976, $25,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1977, $35,000,000 for fiscal year 1978, $45,000,000 for fiscal year 1979, $29,450,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1980, $32,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1981, and $34,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1982. For the purposes of making grants under paragraph (1) there are authorized to be appropriated not more than the following amounts: Fiscal year:

Amount

$37,200,000

1987 1988

1989

1990

37,200,000

40,150,000

40,150,000

1991

40,150,000.

For the purpose of making grants under paragraph (1), there are authorized to be appropriated such sums as are necessary for each of fiscal years 1992 and 1993 and $100,000,000 for each of fiscal years 1994 through 2000.

(8) RESERVATION OF FUNDS BY THE ADMINISTRATOR.—If the Administrator assumes the primary enforcement responsibility of a

State water system supervision program, the Administrator may reserve from funds made available pursuant to this subsection, an amount equal to the amount that would otherwise have been provided to the State pursuant to this subsection. The Administrator shall use the funds reserved pursuant to this paragraph to ensure the full and effective administration of a public water system supervision program in the State.

(9) STATE LOAN FUNDS.—

(A) IN GENERAL.—In addition to amounts made available pursuant to paragraph (8), the Administrator may use the amount reserved pursuant to subparagraph (B) for the administration of the public water system supervision program of States in which the Administrator implements the program.

(B) RESERVATION OF FUNDS.-For any fiscal year for which the amounts made available to the Administrator by appropriation are less than the amount the Administrator determines is needed to supplement funds made available pursuant to paragraph (8) and ensure the full and effective administration of a public water system supervision program in a State, the Administrator may reserve from funds made available to the State pursuant to section 1479 the difference between the amounts.

(c) STATE GROUND WATER PROTECTION GRANTS.

(1) IN GENERAL.-The Administrator may make a grant to a State for the development and implementation of a State program to ensure the coordinated and comprehensive protection of ground water resources within the State.

(2) GUIDANCE.-Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of the Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments of 1994, and annually thereafter, the Administrator shall publish guidance that establishes procedures for application for State ground water protection program assistance and that identifies key elements of State ground water protection programs.

(3) CONDITIONS OF GRANTS.—

(A) IN GENERAL.-The Administrator shall award grants to States that submit an application that is approved by the Administrator. The Administrator shall determine the amount of a grant awarded pursuant to this paragraph on the basis of an assessment of the extent of ground water resources in the State and the likelihood that awarding the grant will result in sustained and reliable protection of ground water quality.

(B) INNOVATIVE PROGRAM GRANTS.-The Administrator may also award a grant pursuant to this paragraph for innovative programs proposed by a State for the prevention of ground water contamination.

(C) ALLOCATION OF FUNDS.-The Administrator shall, at a minimum, ensure that, for each fiscal year, not less than 1 percent of funds made available to the Administrator by appropriations to carry out this subsection are allocated to each State that submits an application that is approved by the Administrator pursuant to this subsection.

(D) LIMITATION ON GRANTS.-No grant awarded by the Administrator may be used for a project to remediate ground water contamination.

(4) COORDINATION WITH OTHER GRANT PROGRAMS.-The awarding of grants by the Administrator pursuant to this subsection shall be coordinated with the awarding of grants pursuant to section 319(i) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (33 U.S.C. 1329(i)) and the awarding of other Federal grant assistance that provides funding for programs related to ground water protection.

(5) AMOUNT OF GRANTS.-The amount of a grant awarded pursuant to paragraph (1) shall not exceed 50 percent of the eligible costs of carrying out the ground water protection program that is the subject of the grant (as determined by the Administrator) for the 1-year period beginning on the date that the grant is awarded. The State shall pay a State share to cover the costs of the ground water protection program from State funds in an amount that is not less than 50 percent of the cost of conducting the program.

(6) EVALUATIONS AND REPORTS.-Not later than 3 years after the date of enactment of the Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments of 1994, and every 3 years thereafter, the Administrator shall evaluate the State ground water protection programs that are the subject of grants awarded pursuant to this subsection and report to Congress on the status of ground water quality in the United States and the effectiveness of State programs for ground water protection.

(7) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.-There are authorized to be appropriated to the Environmental Protection Agency to carry out this subsection $20,000,000 for each of fiscal years 1995 through 2000.

[(c)] (d) For purposes of this section:

(1) The term "public water system supervision program" means program for the adoption and enforcement of drinking water regulations (with such variances and exemptions from such regulations under conditions and in a manner which is not less stringent than the conditions under, and the manner in, which variances and exemptions may be granted under sections 1415 and 1416) which are no less stringent than the national primary drinking water regulations under section 1412, and for keeping records and making reports required by section 1413(a)(3).

(2) The term "underground water source protection program” means a program for the adoption and enforcement of program which meets the requirements of regulations under section 1421 and for keeping records and making reports required by section 1422(b)(1)(A)(ii). Such term includes, where applicable, a program which meets the requirements of section 1425.

RECORDS AND INSPECTIONS

SEC. 1445. (a)(1)(A) [Every person who is a supplier of water, who is or may be otherwise subject to a primary drinking water

regulation prescribed under section 1412 or to an applicable underground injection control program (as defined in section 1422(c)), who is or may be subject to the permit requirement of section 1424 or to an order issued under section 1441, or who is a grantee,] Every person who is subject to any requirement of this title or who is a grantee, shall establish and maintain such records, make such reports, conduct such monitoring, and provide [such information as the Administrator may reasonably require by regulation to assist him in establishing regulations under this title, in determining whether such person has acted or is acting in compliance with this title, in administering any program of financial assistance under this title, in evaluating the health risks of unregulated contaminants, or in advising the public of such risks.] such information as the Administrator may reasonably require

(i) to assist the Administrator in establishing regulations under this title or to assist the Administrator in determining, on a case-by-case basis, whether the person has acted or is acting in compliance with this title; and

(ii) by regulation to assist the Administrator in determining compliance with national primary drinking water regulations promulgated under section 1412 or in administering any program of financial assistance under this title.

(B) In requiring a public water system to monitor under this subsection, the Administrator may take into consideration the system size and the contaminants likely to be found in the system's drinking water.

(C) REVIEW.-The Administrator shall—

(i) not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this subparagraph, review the monitoring requirements for not less than 12 contaminants identified by the Administrator; and

(ii) not later than 1 year after the review, propose any necessary modifications.

(D) MODIFICATION BY A STATE.

(i) IN GENERAL.-Each State with primary enforcement responsibilities may submit to the Administrator alternative monitoring requirements that shall be implemented in the State in lieu of monitoring requirements for a particular national primary drinking water regulation, if the alternative requirements are approved.

(ii) BASIS FOR REDUCED MONITORING. Notwithstanding any requirement of a national primary drinking water regulation established under section 1412(b), subject to clause (iii), the Administrator shall approve the modification of monitoring requirements under this subparagraph, for the purposes of section 1413(a)(2), if

(I) reduced monitoring frequencies are based on an assessment of the vulnerability of the source water of a public water system, including hydrogeologic conditions;

(II) reduced monitoring frequencies are based on an assessment of contaminant use, manufacture, storage, occurrence, and transport; or

(III) reduced monitoring frequencies for a contaminant that was regulated based on the carcinogenic effects of the contaminant in regulations published at 56 Fed. Reg. 3526

on January 30, 1991, and 57 Fed. Reg. 31776 on July 17, 1992, is based on consideration of the lifetime cancer risks of the contaminant.

(iii) ALTERNATIVE MONITORING REQUIREMENTS.—The Administrator shall not approve a modification referred to in clause (ii) unless

(I) monitoring frequencies for public water systems in which a contaminant has been detected during the 5-year period ending on the date of the monitoring are no less frequent than the requirements established in a national primary drinking water regulation; and

(II) the alternative monitoring requirements provide adequate monitoring and reporting information for the purposes of enforcement and program oversight.

(iv) REVIEW OR DISAPPROVAL.-The Administrator may at any time review State alternative monitoring requirements under this subparagraph. The Administrator shall disapprove alternative monitoring requirements that fail to meet the requirements of this subparagraph.".

(E) SMALL SYSTEM MONITORING.-With respect to monitoring requirements for contaminants regulated on the basis of the carcinogenic effects of the contaminants, the Administrator or a State that has primary enforcement responsibility pursuant to section 1413(a) may modify the requirements to provide that any public water system that serves a population of 10,000 or less shall not be required to conduct additional quarterly monitoring during any 3-year period for a specific contaminant if monitoring conducted at the beginning of the period for the contaminant fails to detect the presence of the contaminant in the water supplied by the public water system, and the State determines that the contaminant is unlikely to be detected by further monitoring in the period.

[(2) Not later than 18 months after enactment of the Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments of 1986, the Administrator shall promulgate regulations requiring every public water system to conduct a monitoring program for unregulated contaminants. The regulations shall require monitoring of drinking water supplied by the system and shall vary the frequency and schedule of monitoring requirements for systems based on the number of persons served by the system, the source of supply, and the contaminants likely to be found. Each system shall be required to monitor at least once every 5 years after the effective date of the Administrator's regulations unless the Administrator requires more frequent monitoring.

[(3) Regulations under paragraph (2) shall list unregulated contaminants for which systems may be required to monitor, and shall include criteria by which the primary enforcement authority in each State could show cause for addition or deletion of contaminants from the designated list. The primary State enforcement authority may delete contaminants for an individual system, in accordance with these criteria, after obtaining approval of assessment of the contaminants potentially to be found in the system. The Administrator shall approve or disapprove such an assessment submitted by a State within 60 days. A State may add contaminants, in accordance with these criteria, without making an assessment,