This section applies to the expenses of judges attending the Judicial Conference of the United States.

Other provisions of section 9a (c) and 586 of title 28, U. S. C., 1940 ed., are incorporated in sections 509 and 753 of this title.

Subsec. (c) is new. The present requirement that a payee shall swear to his salary or expense voucher is superfluous. Under section 80 of title 18, U. S. C., 1940 ed., Criminal Code and Criminal Procedure, his liability for false statements in an expense account are not dependent on oath. There is no necessity for having another employee administer an oath, sign the verification and affix a seal, as it would involve unnecessary expenditure of public funds and wasted effort.

SECTION 551-SECTION REVISED

Based on title 28, U. S. C., 1940 ed., §§ 577, 578a (R. S. § 846; May 28, 1896, ch. 252, §§ 6, 13, 24, 29 Stat. 179, 183, 186; May 27, 1908, ch, 200, § 1, 35 Stat. 375; June 6, 1930, ch. 409, 46 Stat. 522; Oct. 13, 1941, ch. 431, § 1, 55 Stat. 736).

Section consolidates first sentence of section 577 with section 578a of title 28, U. S. C., 1940 ed., with changes of phraseology necessary to effect consolidation. Other provisions of said section 577 are incorporated in section 1929 of this title.

The qualification that payments of witness fees or costs be made upon "order of court," contained in said section 577 of title 28, U. S. C., 1940 ed., was omitted as obsolete and suitable reference was made to sections 1825 and 1871 of this title under which payments are now made on certificates of attendance.

Section 578a of title 28, U. S. C., 1940 ed., is rewritten in simplified terms without change of substance. The proviso of such section 578a, prohibiting the collection of fees from the United States, was omitted as covered by section 2412 of this title, providing that the United States should be liable only for fees when such liability is expressly provided by Congress.

The provision of section 578a of title 28, U. S. C., 1940 ed., requiring that fees and emoluments collected by the marshal shall be deposited by him in accordance with the provisions of section 495 of title 31, U. S. C., 1940 ed., Money and Finance, was omitted as said section 495 governs such deposits without implementation in this section.

SECTION 552-SECTION REVISED

Based on title 28, U. S. C., 1940 ed., §§ 579, 582, and 583 (May 28, 1896, ch. 252, §§ 10, 11, 24, 29 Stat. 182, 186; Feb. 19, 1909, ch. 161, 35 Stat. 640; Mar. 4, 1911, ch. 269, 36 Stat. 1355: June 1, 1922, ch. 204, title II, 42 Stat. 615; Mar. 4, 1923, ch. 295, 42 Stat. 1560; Feb. 27, 1925, ch. 364, title II, 43 Stat. 1029).

Section consolidates parts of sections 579, 582, and 583 of title 28, U. S. C., 1940 ed.

Sections 579 and 583 of title 28, U. S. C., 1940 ed., provided for specific amounts as compensation for marshals and their field deputies. According to Department of Justice interpretations, sections 579 and 583, of title 28, U. S. C., 1940 ed., have been superseded by section. 678 of title 5, U. S. C., 1940 ed., Executive Departments and Government Officers and Employees, providing for adjustment of compen

sation by heads of departments. Accordingly this section leaves to the Attorney General the power to fix salaries for marshals, deputies, and clerical assistants. For provisions with respect to classified civil service, see sections 631-684 of title 5, U. S. C., 1940 ed., Executive Departments and Government Officers and Employees.

This section extends the salary fixing power of the Attorney General to the marshals and their deputies. Section 582 of title 28, U. S. C., 1940 ed., referred only to office deputies and clerical assistants. Section 578b of title 28, U. S. C., 1940 ed., providing merely that United States marshals shall be paid for their services, was omitted as unnecessary.

Other provisions of sections 579, 582, and 583 of title 28, U. S. C., 1940 ed., are incorporated in sections 508 and 553 of this title.

SECTION 553-SECTION REVISED

Based on title 28, U. S. C., 1940 ed., §§ 574, 576, 582, 583, 584, 584a, 585, and 587 (R. S. §§ 823, 829; Aug. 18, 1894, ch. 301, § 1, 28 Stat. 416; May 28, 1896, ch. 252, §§ 6, 10, 11, 12, 14, 24, 29 Stat. 179, 182, 183, 186; June 6, 1900, ch. 791, § 1, 31 Stat. 639; Feb. 19, 1909, ch. 161, 35 Stat. 640; Mar. 4, 1911, ch. 269, 36 Stat. 1355; July 19, 1919, ch. 24, § 1, 41 Stat. 209; June 1, 1922, ch. 204, title II, 42 Stat. 615; Jan. 3, 1923, ch. 21, title II, 42 Stat. 1083; May 28, 1924, ch. 204, title II, 43 Stat. 220; Feb. 27, 1925, ch. 364, title II, 43 Stat. 1029; Apr. 29, 1926, ch. 195, title II, 44 Stat. 345; May 29, 1930, ch. 356, 46 Stat. 486; Aug. 3, 1935, ch. 431, § 2, 49 Stat. 513; Apr. 27, 1938, ch. 180, title II, § 1, 52 Stat. 267; June 29, 1939, ch. 248, title II, 53 Stat. 900; May 14, 1940, ch. 189, title III, 54 Stat. 204; June 28, 1941, ch. 258, title III, 55 Stat. 295; July 2, 1942, ch. 472, title II, 56 Stat. 486; July 1, 1943, ch. 182, title II, § 1, 57 Stat. 286; June 28, 1944, ch. 294, 58 Stat. 410; May 21, 1945, ch. 129, title II, 59 Stat. 183).

This section consolidates provisions of sections 574, 576, 582, 583, 584, 584a, 585 and 587 of title 28, U. S. C., 1940. For distribution of other provisions of such sections, see Distribution Table.

Sections 582 and 583 of title 28, U. S. C., 1940 ed., related to expenses of deputies and not of marshals. Inasmuch as section 550 of this title provides for payment of such expenses by marshals, this

section is worded to allow them to marshals.

The Chief of the Division of Accounts in the Department of Justice advises that marshals' travel is governed entirely by regulations promulgated by the Attorney General pursuant to section 827 of title 5, U. S. C., 1904 ed., Executive Departments and Government Officers and Employees. This section is consistent with such regulations and with sections 73b and 821-833 of said title 5. Changes were made in phraseology.

SECTION 554-SECTION REVISED

Based on title 28, U. S. C., 1940 ed., § 507 (R. S. § 790).

Provision in section 507 of title 28, U. S. C., 1940 ed., that the mar shal might retain prisoners until his successor was appointed and qualified, was omitted as superfluous.

Changes were made in phraseology.

SECTION 555-SECTION REVISED

Based on title 28, U. S. C., 1940 ed., § 508 (Mar. 3, 1899, ch. 427, §1, 30 Stat. 1237).

The phrase "upon request" in section 508 of title 28, U. S. C., 1940 ed., was deleted in two places since it should be the unqualified duty of any process server to turn over all process in his hands upon termination of his commission.

Changes were made in phraseology.

SECTION 556-SECTION REVISED

Based on title 28, U. S. C., 1940 ed., §§ 395 and 396 (Mar. 3, 1911, ch. 231, §§ 273, 274, 36 Stat. 1164).

Section consolidates parts of sections 395 and 396 of title 28, U. S. C., 1940 ed. Similar provisions in said sections, relating to clerks, are incorporated in section 955 of this title.

The revised section substitutes, as simpler and more appropriate, the prohibition against practice of law "in any court of the United States" for the more involved language of section 395 of title 28, U. S. C., 1940 ed., which provided that no clerks or marshals, deputies, or assistants within the district for which appointed "shall act as solicitor, proctor, attorney or counsel, in any cause depending in any of said courts, or in any district for which he is acting as such officer."

Provisions of section 396 of title 28, U. S. C., 1940 ed., for striking the name of an offender from the roll of attorneys and for recommendation of dismissal, were omitted as unnecessary and as covered by section 541 of this title.

Changes were made in phraseology.

59. General Provisions Applicable to Court Officers and Employees--

Sec.

601

631

671

711

751

791

831

871

911

951

SECTION 601-SECTION REVISED

Based on title 28, U. S. C., 1940 ed., § 444 (Mar. 3, 1911, ch. 231, § 302 as added Aug. 7, 1939, ch. 501, § 1, 53 Stat. 1223).

This section contains part of section 444 of title 28, U. S. C., 1940 ed. The remainder of said section 444 is incorporated in sections 603, 606 and 608 of this title.

Changes were made in phraseology.

SECTION 602-SECTION REVISED

Based on title 28, U. S. C., 1940 ed., § 445 (Mar. 3, 1911, ch. 231, § 303, as added Aug. 7, 1939, ch. 501, § 1 53 Stat. 1223).

This section contains provisions in section 445 of title 28, U. S. C., 1940 ed., for appointment of employees.

Words "with the approval of the Supreme Court" were omitted to relieve the court of the burden of approving appointments which in practice should properly be made by the Director under the supervision of the Judicial Conference of the United States.

The remainder of section 445 of title 28, U. S. C., 1940 ed., is incorporated in sections 603 and 607 of this title.

Changes were made in phraseology.

SECTION 603-SECTION REVISED

Based on title 28, U. S. C., 1940 ed., §§ 444, 445 (Mar. 3, 1911, ch. 231, §§ 302, 303, as added Aug. 7, 1939, ch. 501, § 1, 53 Stat. 1223).

This section consolidates parts of title 28, U. S. C., 1940 ed., §§ 444, 445. The remainder of said sections are incorporated in sections 601, 602, 606, 607, and 608 of this title.

The figure, "$9,376.50" was substituted for "$7,500" as the salary of the Assistant Director in conformity with section 934 of title 5, U. S. C., 1940 ed., Executive Departments and Government Officers and Employees.

Changes were made in phraseology.

SECTION 604-SECTION REVISED

Based on sections 726-1 and 726a of title 18, U. S. C., 1940 ed., Criminal Code and Criminal Procedure, and sections 1130 (a) (b) and 1131 of title 26, U. S. C., 1940 ed., Internal Revenue Code, title 28, U. S. C., 1940 ed., §§ 9, 128, 222a, 245, 268a, 278a, 302-306, 374b, 446, 447, 450, 544, 545, 547, 557, 558, 560, 561, 561a, 562, 563, 565, 566, 595, and 596 and sections 11-204 and 11-403, District of Columbia Code, 1940 ed. (R. S. §§ 1075, 1085; Mar. 3, 1891, ch. 517, §§ 2, 9, 26 Stat. 826, 829; Feb. 9, 1893, ch. 74, § 4, 27 Stat. 435; July 30, 1894, ch. 172, § 1, 28 Stat. 160; Mar. 3, 1901, ch. 854, § 224, 31 Stat. 1224; June 30, 1902, ch. 1329, 32 Stat. 528; Mar. 3, 1905, ch. 1487, 33 Stat. 1259; Mar. 3, 1911, ch. 231, § 5, 36 Stat. 1088; Mar. 3, 1911, ch. 231, § 118a, as added June 17, 1930, ch. 509, 46 Stat. 774; Mar. 3, 1911, ch. 231, § 118b, as added Feb. 17, 1936, ch. 75, 49 Stat. 1140; Mar. 3, 1911, ch. 231, §§ 140, 163, 171, 189-193, 291, 36 Stat. 1136, 1140, 1141, 1143, 1167; Mar. 3, 1911, ch. 231, §§ 304, 305, 308, as added Aug. 7, 1939, ch. 501, § 1, 53 Stat. 1223; Aug. 23, 1912, ch. 350, 37 Stat.

>

412; Feb. 26, 1919, ch. 49, §§ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 40 Stat. 1182; July 19, 1919, ch. 24, § 1, 41 Stat. 210; Nov. 4, 1919, ch. 93, § 1, 41 Stat. 338; Feb. 11, 1921, ch. 46, 41 Stat. 1099; Feb. 22, 1921, ch. 70, § 7, 41 Stat. 1144; Mar. 4, 1921, ch. 161, 41 Stat. 1412; June 1, 1922, ch. 204, title II, 42 Stat. 616; Jan. 3, 1923, ch. 21, title II, 42 Stat. 1084; Mar. 4, 1923, ch. 265, 42 Stat. 1488; May 28, 1924, ch. 204, title II, 43 Stat. 221; Feb. 27, 1925, ch. 364, title II, 43 Stat. 1030; Apr. 29, 1926, ch. 195, title II, 44 Stat. 346, 347; May 21, 1928, ch. 659, 45 Stat. 645; Mar. 2, 1929, ch. 488, § 1, 45 Stat. 1475; June 16, 1930, ch. 494, 46 Stat. 589; May 17, 1932, ch. 190, 47 Stat. 158; June 25, 1936, ch. 804, 49 Stat. 1921; Apr. 27, 1938, ch. 180, title II, § 1, 52 Stat. 264; Feb. 10, 1939, ch. 2, §§ 1130 (a) (b), 1131, 53 Stat. 162, 163; June 29, 1939, ch. 248, title II, 53 Stat. 902; May 14, 1940, ch. 189, titles III, IV, 54 Stat. 204, 209, 210; June 28, 1941, ch. 258, title IV, 55 Stat. 300-302; July 2, 1942, ch. 472, title IV, 56 Stat. 503, 504; June 28, 1943, ch. 173, title II, §201, 57 Stat. 242, 243; June 26, 1944, ch. 277, title II, § 201, 58 Stat. 357; Dec. 7, 1944, ch. 522, § 1, 58 Stat. 796; May 21, 1945, ch. 129, titles II, IV, 59 Stat. 184, 199; July 5, 1946, ch. 541, title IV, 60 Stat. 478, 479).

For purposes of uniformity, all provisions of law governing the regulation and allowance of office, travel, and subsistence expenses of all officers and employees of the courts, except those provisions relating to Supreme Court officers and employees, are incorporated in subsection (a) (6) (7) of this section. Likewise the provisions respecting the compensation of court officers and employees, except those of the Supreme Court, are incorporated in subsection (a) (5). In each instance the power to fix and determine such salaries and expenses is transferred to the Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts. This change is in conformity with the Administrative Office Act 1939 included in this chapter.

Compensation of bailiffs however is provided by sections 713 and 755 of this title and that of court reporters by section 753 of this title. Salaries and travel expenses of Court of Claims Commissioners are covered by section 792 of this title.

The language "and the lawful fees of United States Commissioners" in subsection (a) (6) and "the offices of the United States Commissioners" in subsection (a) (9) is new. It conforms with sections 633, 636 and 639 of this title.

Subsection (a) (5) (7) covers the provisions of section 726-1 and 726a of title 18, U. S. C., 1940 ed., which provided that probation officers' salaries, should not be less than $1,800 nor more than $3,600 per annum and their traveling expenses should not exceed more than 4 cents per mile.

Words, "and officers and employees of the Administrative Office" were added in subsection (a) (7) to expressly authorize travel and subsistence expenses of such officers and employees.

The power to fix such pay and allowances is transferred to the Director as above indicated, and conforms with the Administrative Office Act of 1939. For further explanation of the general supervision of probation officers, see reviser's note under section 3654, H. Rept. to accompany H. R. 3190 for revision of title 18, U. S. C.

Subsection (a) (8) covers the provisions of section 1131 of title 26. U.S. C., 1940 ed. Such section 1131 authorized the Tax Court, succes