urban property, and utilities such as water, sewer, gas, and electrical. Traffic on vital rail lines and highways is subject to disruption during floods. The benefit-to-cost ratio is 3.04 to 1 for the north diversion channel and 1.58 to 1 for the south diversion channel.

The Artesia flood-control project would afford complete flood protection to the city of Artesia and irrigated lands in the vicinity from floods originating on Eagle Creek. The population of Artesia has practically tripled since 1940 and the industrial outlook is such that future growth of the city is expected to continue at a rapid rate. Growth of the city is large attributable to the expansion of the petroleum production refining industry within the area. Commercial deposits of potash are known to exist close to Artesia which are now being developed. Two major highways, New Mexico 83 and United States 285, cross the flood plain and intersect within the city. A branch line of the A. T. & S. F. Railway runs parallel to U. S. 285 highway through the city and crosses the flood plain. The benefit-to-cost ratio is 2.86 to 1.

The Los Esteros and Alamogordo Reservoirs are units of the plan for flood protection on the Pecos River and tributaries, Texas and New Mexico. Several municipalities, including the towns of Roswell, Artesia, and Carlsbad, together with about 25,500 acres of irrigated croplands, are located in the flood plains of the Pecos River and its tributaries. It is estimated that a repetition of floods which have occurred during and since 1904 would cause damages of about $41 million under present conditions of development. Los Esteros Reservoir would be used for both irrigation and flood control, and Alamogordo for flood control only. The benefit-to-cost ratio is 1.53 to 1.

Construction of the project would provide flood relief at and in the vicinity of Roswell, prevent flood damages and disruption of operations at Walker Air Force Base, and reduce flood damages along the Pecos River. Major floods inundate all of the main business district, a major portion of the industrial area, and

most of the residential section of the city. Walker Air Force Base, a permanent national defense installation located about 4 miles south of Roswell, is also subject to severe flood damage and isolation. One railroad, 2 highway, and 12 street bridges span Rio Hondo within the city limits of Roswell. The benefit-to-cost ratio is 1.18 to 1.

The Navarro Mills project will provide substantial flood protection to about 41,100 acres of agricultural land in the flood plain of Richland Creek below the dam site, and protection to a lesser degree to about 453,000 acres in the Trinity River flood plain below the mouth of Richland Creek. The project will also provide a dependable surface water supply for which there is an urgent need at the present time for municipal and industrial purposes as a result of the critical drought now being experienced in the general project area. The benefit-to-cost ratio is 1.39 to 1.

Floods originating on the Bosque River, which flows into the Brazos River just above Waco, are a serious threat to that city and the fertile bottom lands situated downstream therefrom. As soon as the Waco Reservoir on the Bosque River is constructed, any future flood damages of the area will be substantially eliminated. Aside from flood control, the Waco Reservoir will provide ample water supply storage for which the city of Waco has an urgent need. The project will provide a high degree of protection to the city of Waco from destructive floods originating on the Bosque River watershed, and protection in varying degrees to about 1,187,000 acres of land in the flood plain of the Brazos River downstream from Waco. The benefit-to-cost ratio is 1.23 to 1.

None.

MULTIPLE-PURPOSE PROJECTS, INCLUDING POWER

REEXAMINATION OF PROJECTS IN "DEFERRED FOR RESTUDY" CATEGORY

GULF-INTRACOASTAL WATERWAY REALINEMENT, VICINITY OF ARANSAS

PASS

Mr. RILEY. The funds requested for the Gulf-Intracoastal Waterway realinement in the vicinity of Aransas Pass seem to be for planning a highway-railroad bridge across the river. Is this the relocation of a bridge?

General SEEMAN. No, sir, this bridge is only incidental; it is primarily straightening and shortening the Intracoastal Waterway and improving the junction of the Intracoastal Waterway with the deepwater channel in the Corpus Christi area. Right now the traffic on the Intracoastal Waterway at this place has to go some additional mileage and has to cross a deepwater channel where the tides are such as to make it quite dangerous.

Mr. RILEY. This new bridge, then, is to shorten the route?

General SEEMAN. There is a bridge over this proposed Intracoastal Waterway reach authorized for construction and it is the responsibility of the Federal Government to include it in this project.

Mr. RILEY. It is necessary because of the project that this bridge be built?

General SEEMAN. Yes, sir.

LOS ESTEROS AND ALAMOGORDO RESERVOIRS

Mr. RILEY. In connection with the Los Esteros and Alamogordo Reservoirs, funds were appropriated to the Bureau of Reclamation last year for the enlargement of the Alamogordo Dam spillway. I believe the planning report shows you are planning to modify the Alamogordo Dam. Is this in addition to what the Bureau of Reclamation is doing?

General SEEMAN. Some of it is in addition; but there is no question but what the additional spillway capacity which the Bureau is now adding will benefit the project and reduce the cost of the overall plan for combining Alamogordo with Los Esteros.

Mr. RILEY. I was wondering why you had appropriations for those two departments instead of consolidating it in one.

General SEEMAN. The Alamogordo Reservoir and irrigation project was originally constructed under the Bureau of Reclamation law and our flood-control project for a reservoir upstream is related to it. Our plan includes a transfer of the irrigation storage from Alamogordo upstream to the Los Esteros Reservoir and then provides for use of the Alamogordo storage for flood control because it is closer to the possible flood areas downstream where a flood might do great damage. Mr. RILEY. Most of your work is upstream?

General SEEMAN. The entire new dam and reservoir would be upstream.

Mr. RILEY. According to this report, you would have some of the Los Esteros capacity for irrigation. Could you tell us how much of that is to be repaid by the irrigation beneficiaries?

General SEEMAN. That, of course, is handled by the Bureau of Reclamation under the irrigation law and it would be simply a transfer of existing contracts which, I understand, the Bureau has with those people and there would not be a new contract.

Mr. RILEY. You do not have any figures as to the amount of repayments?

General SEEMAN. No, sir. The normal procedure is repayment without interest in 50 years, as I understand the irrigation law. That is not in our field.

Mr. RILEY. I was wondering why this project could not be built under the reclamation law so that the cost allocated to irrigation would be reimbursable just like it is in some of those irrigation projects. General SEEMAN. The project authorization is in the main established under flood-control law and those flood-control benefits are the primary benefits for which we have undertaken this project. Of course under flood control, the law is different but reclamation law is applicable in this instance.

Mr. RILEY. I wonder if you could put a statement in the record giving us a little fuller history of that. We may want to ask the Bureau of Reclamation some questions in regard to this.

General ITSCHNER. We will make sure that the history is inserted. in the record.

Mr. RILEY. Showing what the Bureau of Reclamation is doing and what you are doing and the benefits that are accruing and what these folks are paying for it.

General ITSCHNER. Yes, sir.

(The matter referred to follows:)

LOS ESTEROS RESERVOIR AND MODIFICATION OF ALAMOGORDO DAM The Alamogordo Dam was constructed by the Bureau of Reclamation and is being operated and maintained by that agency. The reservoir is operated at present entirely as a storage reservoir for the Carlsbad Irrigation District. A repayment contract for the cost of the reservoir was negotiated by the Bureau with the Carlsbad Irrigation District. This irrigation district owns the sole right to store water for irrigation purposes in the Alamogordo Reservoir.

Under the proposed Los Esteros-Alamogordo project the irrigation storage rights owned by the Carlsbad Irrigation District would be transferred upstream to the Los Esteros Reservoir and the total capacity of the Alamogordo Reservoir would be allocated to flood control, unless more detailed studies show that a limited allocation to irrigation would be feasible and would not interfere with the operation of the project for flood control. Arrangements for the transfer of storage under the authorization would be made by the State of New Mexico since the consent of the State as well as the Carlsbad Irrigation District is necessary to effect its repayment obligation to the United States now in effect, and participate in the maintenance and operation costs in an amount equal to what it is now obligated to pay toward maintenance of Alamogordo Dam and Reservoir, estimated at $10,000 annually. The Corps of Engineers would be the operation and maintenance agency for both projects. The Los Esteros project will be constructed to provide flood-control storage and, therefore, the cost thereof is not reimbursable. The Alamogordo Dam is being modified at the present time by the Bureau of Reclamation because of the immediate and urgent need to increase spillway capacity. The full effects of this modification on the Los Esteros-Alamogordo project has not been determined; however, it is known that the work being done by the Bureau of Reclamation will greatly reduce the cost of the modification of the reservoir for flood control. In this connection final water supply and reservoir operation studies have been initiated by the State of New Mexico under direction of the engineer advisers to the Pecos River Compact Commission. Both the Corps of Engineers and the Bureau of Reclamation are participating in these studies, the purpose of which is to determine final allocation of storage for flood control and irrigation in the combined project, and to provide the State of New Mexico with up-to-date information on the proposed transfer of storage.

Mr. RILEY. Do you have any Bureau of Reclamation witnesses here who could give us a little light on this?

Mr. DEXHEIMER. I might say in connection with the corps' work on this, that this other flood control would just be a transfer of the

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storage and there would be no additional liability on the part of the irrigators for repayment in connection with their part of the work. Mr. RILEY. They do not get any more water than they did?

Mr. DEXHEIMER. No; it is only a transfer of flood-control storage from one reservoir to another.

Mr. RILEY. And they get the same service as they got under the other reclamation project?

Mr. DEXHEIMER. So far as the work they do, that is a flood-control benefit. The work we are doing is a little different.

TWO RIVERS RESERVOIR

Mr. RILEY. Under the planning report on the Two Rivers Reservoir, page 6 shows that the project would afford control of floods of twice as great capacity as the maximum flood of record. Why should we build to a capacity twice as large as the history of those floods indicate is necessary?

Colonel DALRYMPLE. That design flood is selected for this project because of the possibility of extremely high intensity rainfall in the watershed of the Rio Hondo above Roswell, and would protect valuable property along the Pecos River which includes a large part of the city of Roswell and the Walker Air Force Base.

Mr. RILEY. And you think you need that capacity to take care of it?

Colonel DALRYMPLE. Yes, sir.

General ITSCHNER. Our period of record on those rivers is only for a very few years as compared to the records we have of rivers in other parts of the country, and particularly in Europe. Our experience has been that sooner or later we get a flood equal to the one of 75, 100, or 200 years frequency, such as we had in New England last summer, and we think it necessary to protect against what storms might be capable of producing in the way of flow, even though we have never experienced a flood of that intensity.

Mr. RILEY. You are building to take care of the worst conditions you think might happen?

General ITSCHNER. Against a serious flood that might occur in a period such as 100 years or 200 years. It depends upon what the development is downstream.

Mr. RILEY. What local assurances of cooperation do you have on this project? Are they firm?

General SEEMAN. The local interests are required to furnish title to all lands necessary for construction of the project, rights-of-way, and to construct all of the access roads to the project and give assurances to the Secretary of the Army that they will maintain the roads and maintain the channel capacities of the river below the dam site, and that they will hold and save the United States from other damages. Mr. RILEY. Are you getting these rights before or along with the doing of the work?

General SEEMAN. We believe they will after they are sure we are through with the planning stage. We have no indications they will not go right ahead with it.

Mr. RILEY. We would not want to get some liability there unless we knew we were going to have that situation taken care of.