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Mr. BAILEY. If there is no objection, we will accept Dr. King's formal statement for the record.

(The statement follows:)

STATEMENT BY PRESIDENT JOHN E. KING, KANSAS STATE TEACHERS COLLEGE, EMPORIA, KANS.

Mr. Bailey and honorable members of the committee, I am here today to testify not only in my capacity as president of the teachers college in Kansas, but also as a citizen, and as an officer of the U.S. Naval Reserve, who is greatly interested in the educational problems of my State and our country.

As has been true for 100 years, the principal function of the Kansas State Teachers College is the providing of teachers to serve in the public schools of Kansas. Supported by the legislature and the board of regents, the college will continue to serve with flexibility in the producing of teachers, increasing the supply through recruitment in times of scarcity, and easing up on this recruitment and production when there should become an over supply. There will be an increasing emphasis upon research and service for the public schools, as well as upon resident instruction.

The wisdom of the U.S. House of Representatives in foreseeing the increasing needs of our expanding population for more information, for more serious reading materials, and for increasing access to the rapidly expanding world of printed materials, is most encouraging to a college president today. The bill has my sincerest endorsement.

The proposed legislation before us would expand and extend the original Library Services Act in an effort to reach all the citizens of the United States. It will reach all the boys and girls in our public elementary and high schools; it will spread out to every free public library, large and small; it will assist the institutions of higher education, research and teaching; and it will give material aid and vital encouragement in the recruitment and training of more and better equipped librarians throughout all the States of the Union.

According to the report of the Kansas State Traveling Libraries Commission in Topeka, during the 4 years, 1958-61, in which matched funds of $284,840 have been provided under the terms of the present Library Services Act, the State library has broadened and strengthened its program and services specifically and dramatically. The increased budget has meant more books, two bookmobiles where none was seen on the Kansas highways before, county and multicounty demonstrations of service, exhibits, surveys and publications, and professional reading consultation and dedicated library leadership to the rural population of Kansas. Copies of this report, drafted by Miss Zelia French, secretary of the commission will be made available to you. You can easily imagine what the proposed amendment will provide.

The number of trained professional librarians being produced each year in the United States is still short of 2,000 graduates; about one librarian for every 90,000 people in our population. We are trying to meet the demand for public school and public librarians in Kansas. The teachers college in Emporia operates the oldest library school west of the Mississippi River and the provision of preservice and inservice education for public librarians and librarians for the public schools is another of our missions, a responsibility that has been delegated to us by the State board of regents. Last year 21 M.S. degrees in librarianship were granted at Kansas State Teachers College, in 1962 25 such degrees will be awarded. We could place three of four times that number in the immediate years to come in the State of Kansas alone. The demands of the other 49 individual States is equally urgent.

We appreciate the postsputnik assistance of the National Science Foundation given to the college to recruit and prepare high school science teachers. These grants have materially relieved the shortage of qualified teachers in those areas of knowledge.

The amendment proposed as H.R. 11823 will help in the selection and preparation of librarians to serve all humanistic, social, economic, and historical sciences, as well as the technological, and natural scientific disciplines which have been the proper and continuing concern of the National Science Foundation and other trusts and stewardships.

The emphasis on improved programs and book and library services to every pupil in the public schools is recognized by the provision of new libraries and minor remodeling projects in schools everywhere. The early habits and train

ing of all citizens in a democracy to inquire, to read, and to reflect has concerned all of our national leaders since the early days of the Republic. Our expanding Nation's schools demand more books and other informational and study materials. We must have the appropriately trained teachers and librarians to staff and give access to each individual, inquiring student at every grade level.

We are celebrating our centennial this year at Kansas State Teachers College. We are also celebrating the 10th anniversary of the William Allen White Children's Book Award. It is a reading program for boys and girls in grades four through nine in which the boys and girls read from well-selected and wholesome lists of books each school year and select themselves by individual votes an annual winner. This year that winner is Miss Catherine Owens Peare, of Brooklyn, N.Y.; her book is "The Helen Keller Story," an inspiring biography of Helen Keller.

Books, libraries, and thoughtful readers are essential to the progress of our country. With the tools to be made available by H.R. 11823, Congressmen, educators, parents, teachers, and librarians will get the job done. Every Kansan, every thoughtful voter, appreciates the attention to the problem and the efforts to solve it of each member of his committee. Our goals and ideals are high; the future security and welfare of the United States depends upon our reaching toward them. Thank you for this opportunity and privilege of appearing before you in so noble a cause.

Mr. LILL. It has some pertinent information in it.

Mr. BAILEY. Before the witness proceeds, may I say that unfortunately earlier in the session of the committee I called on Congressman Roosevelt of California and overlooked the fact that our colleague from San Antonio, Tex., Mr. Gonzalez, was in the room at that time. Mr. SCHMIDT. Mr. Chairman, Mr. Gonzalez was compelled to leave the hearing inasmuch as he was to attend the swearing in ceremony for the new Associate Justice for American Samoa. He has a statement he would like to have submitted for the record.

Mr. BAILEY. Will you offer my apologies to Mr. Gonzalez? I was not aware that he was limited in time. I would like for his remarks to precede the recognition I accorded to Congressman Roosevelt.

Congressman Gonzalez was here at the time I recognized our colleague from California. Will you apologize to him? I will do it personally the first time I see him.

Mr. SCHMIDT. I am sure it is not necessary.

Mr. BAILEY. You may proceed.

Mr. LILL. I am Frank Lill, of Emporia, Kans., one of the founding members and former treasurer of the Kansas Friends of Libraries, Inc.; a member of the Kansas House of Representatives and the Kansas Legislative Council.

The Friends of Libraries, Inc., of Kansas have carefully studied the provisions outlined in H.R. 11823 which amends the Library Services Act and are in full accord with the amendment, which we feel promotes sound and continued progress toward adequate library services for all.

Kansas has participated wholeheartedly in the Library Services Act in extending, through the Traveling Libraries Commission, that agency's services to reach more effectively the rural population of the State and those living in towns of less than 10,000. More and better books, reference collections that are timely and factual, bookmobile and station wagon visits, exhibits and training institutes, county demonstrations of service, wider publication, consultant and professional library leadership-all this and more has been made possible to our State because of the matched grants under the original Library Services Act.

The Friends of Libraries further support the proposed legislation because we feel it is intended to provide a coordinated national program of library development, through voluntary cooperation, involving public libraries, elementary and secondary school libraries, and libraries of institutions of higher education, and the training of librarians necessary to staff such libraries, to meet the educational, informational, and research requirements of the people of the United States.

As a member of the Kansas House of Representatives I can say that this lawmaking body has a historic record for support of progress in the field of education. As a member of the Kansas Friends of Libraries, Inc., I have heard of the statewide support that group is prepared to give in favor of H.R. 11823. Public librarians and trustees, school librarians and officials, parents and other lay groups can be counted on to support these strengthening amendments to the Library Services Act.

The great surge of enrollment in our Kansas schools, especially at the college and university level is pointing up, dramatically, the needs for more printed materials and personnel. The proposed legislation will help bridge the widening gap between the need and the supply of library tools and librarians.

Removal of the population limitation of 10,000 or less will enable the public libraries in the cities of the first and second class to extend and enlarge their library resources, programs, and services to more people, many of whom are now served by inadequate library services. Because of the rapidly expanding body of knowledge in all fields of endeavor, all library facilities need additional support in their efforts to keep abreast of the demand for up-to-date materials from their patrons and clientele.

Opportunities for the less educated are disappearing more rapidly by the day, and as employment opens for the educated, and closes for the uneducated, any program to strengthen the earning, learning, and recreational ability of our people will be met with approval.

We are proud of what our institutions of higher education in Kansas are doing but still they do not have library resources fully commensurate with their educational responsibility. The junior colleges in Kansas are especially in need of material to support their courses of study. It is becoming increasingly difficult for all colleges to support an adequate academic and research program. The stimulus which this amended act will provide to our young men and women cannot be overemphasized.

The essential character of free public libraries is inherent in America. Your concern and sense of responsibility in strengthening the libraries of our country, in looking toward increased leadership of American libraries in a troubled world is encouraging and appreciated. Libraries need help quickly and on a continuing basis. We hope favorable consideration will be given to this proposed amendment. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, for the privilege of appearing before this committee.

Mr. BAILEY. Mr. Frelinghuysen?

Mr. FRELINGHUYSEN. I have one very brief question, Mr. Lill: Do you feel that the requirement that any Federal funds made available under this proposed expansion of the existing act must be matched is

a reasonable one, in fact a beneficial one in order to encourage a greater degree of participation at the State and local level?

Mr. LILL. I could say that I feel that it would be matched.

Mr. FRELINGHUYSEN. That is not the question. I wondered if you felt it would be desirable.

Mr. LILL. I certainly do. I like the way the bill outlines it. I am very much impressed with the way the bill proposes it.

Mr. FRELINGHUYSEN. We appreciate your coming all this way to testify before our committee.

Mr. BAILEY. Thank you, Mr. Lill. We appreciate the fact that you have come to testify before us. If I should be around in the future in Congress, sometime in the future I might look forward to recognizing you as a Member of Congress. I need some help here.

Mr. LILL. I think we are pretty well represented here. Thank you. Mr. BAILEY. Our next witness is the lady from the State of New Jersey, representing Rutgers University.

Mr. FRELINGHUYSEN. If I might, Mr. Chairman, before our next witness testifies, I would like to say it is a double pleasure for me to be able to introduce two members from my home State to testify on the bill before us.

Miss Mary Gaver, our next witness, has a distinguished career in education. As part of her professional service I might point out she was librarian in high schools in Danville, Va., and Scarsdale, N.Y. She taught library science in Teheran, at Iran University. She has served as librarian and associate professor of library science, New Jersey State Teachers College, Trenton, N.J.

She is presently associate professor of the Graduate School of Library Services, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, N.J. It is a particular pleasure to welcome you at this time.

STATEMENT OF MISS MARY GAVER, PROFESSOR OF LIBRARY SERVICE, RUTGERS UNIVERSITY

Miss GAVER. My name is Mary Virginia Gaver. I am professor of library service at Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey. My previous experience has included administration of college and school libraries in New Jersey, New York, and Virginia. I have also taught library science at the University of Virginia, Emory University, at the New Jersey State Teachers College at Trenton, and at Rutgers University where I have been on the faculty of the Graduate School of Library Service since 1954.

I represent, today, the American Library Association, a professional association of more than 25,000 members, and, in particular, 2 of its divisions, the American Association of School Librarians and the Library Education Division.

We wish to endorse, heartily, the provisions of H.R. 11823, which amends the present Library Services Act by broadening its population coverage for public libraries, extending benefits to both school and college libraries, and providing financial assistance for institutes for the training of librarians. I appreciate particularly this opportunity to speak in behalf of two specific aspects of this legislation: (1) the need for improved school library service for students, and (2) the need for an expanded program of library education.

As chairman of the school library development project of the American Association of School Librarians and before that as president of the association, I have been working very actively for the past 6 years on the problem of improving library resources in our schools. In this connection, I have spoken or served as consultant at educational conferences in California, Texas, Michigan, New Jersey, Florida, Rhode Island, Ohio, Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, Delaware, and in Puerto Rico. I am, therefore, well acquainted with the status and problems of library services to students in a wide area of our country and can assert, on the basis of my own knowledge, that, on the one hand, there is a tremendous need for improvement of library resources in our schools, and that, on the other hand, they are in an unprecedented position to utilize the kind of assistance which H.R. 11823 would provide.

The explosion in population, coupled with the tremendous changes in education in the past decade, have brought new and unprecedented demand for library services on all kinds of libraries-school, college, and public. The changes in education have involved increased use of many sources of information rather than a few and an upgrading in the content of education at both the elementary and secondary school levels. Newer media such as television have increased curiosity and thirst for knowledge on the part of boys and girls of school age as well as of students in colleges and universities; and a far larger proportion of our population now aspires to some form of education beyond high school. All these developments have resulted quite simply and plainly in an appalling and shameful gap between the needs of students today and the services of libraries. This gap makes impossible for many areas of the country and for a large proportion of our children and young people the attainment of that quality education which has become the goal of our educators and citizens. The financial assistance provided by titles I, II, and III of H.R. 11823 for school, college, and public libraries would go a long way toward remedying this situation.

I would like to insert in the record, if I may, the reminder that over 60 percent of our elementary schools have no school libraries, and I would like to note, in research which I have been conducting at Rutgers University, we have found a greater degree of educational gain associated with those children who have access to real school libraries.

Other witnesses have presented statistics on the glaring deficiencies in our school libraries. I will not repeat those figures, except to note again that more than 10 million children and young people go to public schools where there are no school libraries.

The lack of adequate school libraries is very general. Figures for the State of New Jersey, issued as of April 1962, indicate that, in 1959, elementary school libraries spent $0.97 per student for books, and secondary school libraries spent $1.50 per student, whereas national standards recommend an expenditure of $4 to $6 per pupil. As of September 1961, there were an average of 4,292 pupils for each elementary school librarian, and 1,071 pupils for each secondary school librarian, whereas standards call for 1 librarian for every 300 students up to 900. Connecticut school libraries expended only $1.57 per pupil in 1960.

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