the demonstration staff but continued to manage the finances and program of their own library. At the termination of the demonstration when a successful vote of the people established a new and greatly expanded library district, the State library staff managed the new unit until permanent staff could be recruited to carry on. This was accomplished within 6 months, in June 1961, at which time the State library withdrew. During the first 18 months of this new library, the trustees had full control and direction of the library. Since the appointment of the new director, a year ago, the State library has turned its energies into other areas of library development, and has concerned itself with this library only when asked by the staff or trustees to advise and counsel us. We hope that our experience will be of value to others who are concerned with the Federal Library Services Act funds and their role in promoting local library development. Sincerely, ROBERTA M. MORICAL, Chairman, North Central Regional Library Board of Trustees. Mr. BAILEY. The Chair now recognizes our colleague from the State of California. STATEMENT OF HON. JAMES ROOSEVELT, A REPRESENTATIVE IN CONGRESS FROM THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA Mr. ROOSEVELT. Mr. Chairman, and members of the committee, I just wanted to appear to deliver in person my statement supporting your bill, and my identical bill, H.R. 11924, and to say that from all the information I have, the Library Services Act and the provisions of this bill are very much needed in my good State of California. To be precise, California estimates that 1,166,000 persons benefited from the improved service provided by the act and while this is all well and good, I would also like to point out that California's total population is more than 10 times that figure. Certainly the expansion of the provisions and the services is badly needed by the people of California. I would ask, Mr. Chairman, for permission to submit my statement in full. Mr. BAILEY. It will be accepted for inclusion in the record. (The statement follows:) STATEMENT OF HON. JAMES ROOSEVELT, A REPRESENTATIVE IN CONGRESS FROM THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA Mr. Chairman and members of the committee, I welcome the opportunity to appear before the subcommittee on behalf of my bill, H.R. 11924, amending the current Library Services Act. This bill is identical to that of the distinguished chairman of the subcommittee. With your permission, I would like to make a few remarks about the purposes and accomplishments of this act, and about the purposes and future prospects of my proposed amendment. The library, in the public school, in the university, and in the community, should be the great vault of information, the storehouse of all man's accumulated knowledge and the real foundation of an informed citizenry. When a totalitarian government takes control of a nation, its first and most sweeping assault is always made on the libraries-to remove from the people's grasp the thoughts, wisdom and stirring ideas of the past which have in them a power to inspire men to overthrow the shackles of ignorance and oppression. But a library that is burned is no worse than a library that never existed, or one so failing the needs of the people that it is useless. The current act recognizes this and has as its purpose the betterment of library services through incentives to the States. The State must make its own library appropriation pursuant to an approved plan, and then the United States provides up to 66 percent of that amount in additional funds. But this was, at the time, an uncharted course, and the Congress was only performing an experiment. The scope of the act was limited to one most pressing need: the Nation's rural areas, and this was done to provide a narrow field of activity in which the success of the experiment could be readily measured. There was no presumption that rural areas represented the only real need or that the act, so restricted, supplied the only definitive solution. Nevertheless, it was greeted with great enthusiasm by State library administrators and its success over the past 6 years has been clear. If I may quote from the annual report of the State of California to the U.S. Office of Education for the period ended June 30, 1961: "*** over a million people in California (have) improved library service now available because of the Federal projects. Tangible proof of the services provided by the project can be seen in the form of three bookmobiles; many thousands of books * * *; several hundred films and phonograph records; added staff members; and expedited loan services. Intangible results are harder to measure, but a greater awareness on the part of the public of the library as a service agency available to all ages and types of people, is shown by the increased use of the libraries in which projects have been conducted." To be more precise, California estimates that 1,166,000 persons benefit from the improved service provided by the act. This is all well and good, but California's total population is more than 10 times that figure, now approaching 16 million persons. And I use California only as an example of both the act's success and what great potential there is for an expansion of its provisions. The needs of libraries serving communities larger than the present limitation of 10,000 has become critical, for I think we are all aware of the astonishing growth of urban and suburban areas since the war. The States are more than willing to continue their present programs, but the requirements of all the people can only be met by enlarging substantially the framework of this already tried and proven program. The new amendment, in brief, provides four kinds of aid: (1) It continues the same policy of helping regular public libraries, but removes the population restriction. Funds may be used for books, materials, salaries, programs and demonstration projects, but not for buying land and erecting buildings. (2) It adds a most important provision for the use of funds to improve public elementary and secondary school libraries. (3) Institutions of higher learning would also benefit, allowing them to use funds to acquire additional books, materials, and documents. (4) More and better library services, of course, require more and better qualified librarians. To this end, the last title of the bill provides support for academic library training, a sorely neglected field of education in this country. The method of allocating Federal funds is comparable to the methods of the current act. A flat sum is allowed each State, and the remainder is allocated on a ratio basis that is relevant to the use of the funds. For example, the public school libraries will receive funds on a ratio of the State's school-age population to the total U.S. school-age population. The amendment, of course, preserves the essential safeguards of local control over library policy, supervision and content. Man's knowledge today is fast outpacing his ability to absorb it. We cannot abandon this opportunity to provide greater means and resources for buttressing this ability and thus helping to keep Americans the most informed and enlightened of the world's people. I urge a favorable report on this bill. Mr. BAILEY. Congressman Gonzalez submitted the following statement: STATEMENT OF HON. HENRY B. GONZALEZ, A REPRESENTATIVE IN CONGRESS FROM THE STATE OF TEXAS Mr. Chairman: Other witnesses have appeared here, or are scheduled for appearance, to fully explain the four titles of H.R. 11823, a bill to amend the Library Services Act so as to broaden the effective work and growth of library facilities that have come about since the act was passed in 1956. It shall not be my purpose to restate the ample arguments these witnesses have made on behalf of these amendments. I have seen some of the materials that have been developed in support of this bill and believe they are complete, informative, and accurate. But I did not have to read these materials to convince myself of the need for this bill. Nor was it because of these materials that I joined in support of this bill by introducing an exact companion bill to it in H.R. 12141. Prior to coming to this Congress I had the privilege of serving as a member of the Texas State Senate for a number of years. As a State senator I participated in those efforts in our State legislature to secure the matching funds under the 1956 Act. I came to Washington fresh from the field, so to speak, where I have observed the good works of the Library Services Act and the "seed money" it made available to my State. I come from a State which quite often takes a jaundiced view of federally sponsored programs. However, I believe this is a program that has earned the respect and support of Texans who have witnessed its work. At the beginning of the development program we had 181 counties with no library service or inadequate library service. Of this number 43 counties up to the last annual report have been served with demonstrations, resulting in 11 counties having library service that had none before the start of the program. Thirty-four counties have improved or extended service. Up to July of last year 116,000 Texans had gained access to library service for the first time and over half a million more people had improved or extended service available to them. This is an impressive record. And we can point too to the fact that five bookmobiles were purchased under the program and some 33 persons engaged as full-time staff members carrying out the program. Also, we have for the first time a processing center for the Texas State Library which catalogs and processes books and materials for the demonstration program. The amount of funds appropriated by Texas counties for library services has more than doubled in those counties where bookmobile demonstrations have been held under the program. I think this justifies my use of the phrase “seed money." Our Federal funds were added to by State funds and these were increased by county funds. I would like to give you a picture of some of these counties which immediately surround my Bexar County district, which happens to be the ninth largest congressional district by population in the United States. Within this district we have 47,000 people in Bexar County who are classified as rural under Public Law 597. Presumably even these have some access to our San Antonio Library. We have just rejuvenated our library building. Now our problem is to encourage the filling of these buildings with books. At the present time San Antonio is retiring volumes faster than books are added. Last year 29,000 books were retired while only 26,500 were added. Books added to the collection during 1961 average 0.03 per capita, as compared to a national average of 0.09. Even so we have a library collection of over 422,000 volumes. Now take a look at the counties that are neighbors to this Metropolis: Bandera, 3,892 people: Has a library serving some of these but which has no income from public funds. Comal, 19,844 people: Has a library with $10,624 of which only $1,000 comes from the county. Guadalupe, 29,017 people: Has a library but reports no public funds. Kendall, 5,889 people: With two smalltown libraries but reports no public funds. Medina, 18,904 people: Of which less than 5,000 have access to its library that has no public funds. The inadequacy of these situations both in the city of San Antonio and surrounding towns and ranch and farm lands testify to the need for doing more in our efforts to expand library services. And our experience with our previous "seed money" expenditures should convince us of the worthiness to these approaches. I believe as does Mr. Harold J. Marburger, director of rural library service of the Texas State Library, that "in a sense a library is yeast for all the worthwhile life of a community.' He has made a further statement which I endorse and use to close my own remarks: "The scope of a country school is meager if the students cannot supplement their reading beyond the one or two basic texts. A child lacks an essential of growth in our modern world if he is cut off from the intellectual leaven of a library. Adult education, similarly, becomes impossible without recourse to books. The wide-awake citizen is crippled in the pursuit of his interest if he cannot check his own experience against that of others, whether that interest lies in farming, child care, health, canning, vocational guidance, science, or politics. In a country where we, the people, are the Government, it is necessary that there should be authoritative information available throughout every section of the land. In an era of vast and swift changes, it is imperative that the citizens have material to keep abreast of the times." Mr. BAILEY. Our next witness comes from the State of New Jersey, which happens to be the home of one of our subcommittee members, the Honorable Peter Frelinghuysen. Mr. FRELINGHUYSEN. Mr. Chairman, it is a pleasure as a resident of New Jersey and as an alumnus of Princeton University, and as what is euphemistically called a friend of the Princeton Library, to introduce the next witness, Dr. William S. Dix, who is librarian at Princeton University. I might aso add that he was appointed in 1954 as a member of the U.S. National Commission for UNESCO and for the last 2 years has served as Chairman of that Commission. He is also currently chairman of the Association of Research Libraries. Prior to his present position he had been professor of English at Rice Institute, Western Reserve University, and Williams College. It is a great personal pleasure for me to introduce Dr. Dix at this time. STATEMENT OF WILLIAM S. DIX, ASSOCIATION OF RESEARCH LIBRARIES Mr. Dix. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I am William Dix, librarian of Princeton University. I am testifying today in support of H.R. 11823 on behalf of the Association of Research Libraries, of which I am chairman. A list of the 49 libraries which make up the ARL has been furnished to the members of the committee. These include most of the major research libraries of the country, 43 of them university libraries, which naturally have a particular interest in title III of the proposed legislation. The Association of Research Libraries, however, meeting on June 16, voted its endorsement of the bill as a whole. All libraries are interrelated in their impact upon the culture and scholarship of the country and thus upon our national welfare. The scholars of the future, who will pursue their investigations in our research libraries, are today beginning to become familiar with books and the ways of using them effectively in elementary school libraries, or should be if adequate school libraries were provided for them. Ás you gentlemen know, scholars in the theoretical sciences seem to mature very early and seem to do their most productive work in their twenties and thirties. One wonders how many potentially distinguished scientists, with vital contributions to make to the national welfare, never found their way into research at all because of the accidents of birth and geography which denied to them the chance stimulus of the right book at the right time while they were in elementary school. At a different level, above all other agencies it is the public library which nourishes and invigorates the continuing intellectual activity of our adult citizens who have passed school and college age. The welfare of this country in a time of shifting and often confused values depends upon a literate and well-informed electorate as well as upon the steady production of that handful of men who will think new thoughts in science. These are obvious and even trite observations to make to you gentlemen, but I simply want to indicate that my association is aware of the importance of all aspects of this bill and supports them all in the belief that all are clearly in the national interest. Any contribution which I can make to your understanding of the need for this legislation will lie in the field of college and research libraries. Since others have already described the pressing needs of the small college libraries and their importance in the production of the leaders of tomorrow, I shall limit the remainder of my observations to the large university libraries. The 43 university library members of the Association of Research Libraries may be used as an example of a somewhat larger group. Their universities support a great deal of the advanced graduate and professional training upon which the country depends for its highlevel manpower. Most of the doctors, lawyers, engineers, and other professional men and most of the Ph. D.'s who make up our college faculties and staff our research laboratories come from these universities and are nurtured in these libraries. If the library is the heart of the college, as it is so often said, it is if possible even more an essential ingredient of graduate education. A recent study which we made at Princeton indicates that each graduate student on the average borrows from the library five times as many books as each undergraduate, and of course a far wider variety of books. My point is simply that it takes a very large and complex library to support graduate instruction adequately. These same libraries also provide the basic pool of research material upon which scholarship and the advancement of learning depend. Of course, there are other great research libraries not associated with universities, such as the Library of Congress and the National Library of Medicine, which are also members of the Association of Research Libraries and which form essential parts of this vast reservoir of research material. But I am speaking now of the 43 university libraries which I know best and which with perhaps as many more somewhat smaller but similar libraries serve most of the scholars in the country. There are many other special libraries serving special kinds of research, but these are the comprehensive collections that bring together and organize for use the world's store of printed materials. Here the total record of the past is preserved, from the records of ancient Babylon to this morning's newspaper, so that it may serve as a springboard for the future. These 43 libraries of which I speak had on last July 1 a total of 65,385,917 printed books, as well as countless pamphlets, manuscripts, and all the other forms in which man's knowledge is recorded. They spent last year to acquire additional books and periodicals and to bind them a total of $17,391,966. One may ask why this is not enough books, why more money is needed. The only possible answer is that the mind of man does not stand still, that he keeps producing more knowledge to be recorded as he probes more deeply into the secrets of the universe and of man himself. The total volume of world book production keeps increasing |