skilled engineer in the field of metallurgy was placed in contact with all interested high school students. This use of community resources which would be impossible under the usual instructional organization, goes on continuously in this system. 5. Students are interested in and enjoy having part of their teaching by television. 6. The use of television provides an effective opportunity to teach boys and girls how to concentrate for a given period of time on a logical presentation. The use of television necessitates the learning of good habits of observing and listening. Records of standardized tests administered to the fifth grade at the beginning and the end of the year indicated that phenomenal growth had been made. This growth was not all made by the average, above, or below average pupils, but rather it was achieved by boys and girls in accordance with their learning potential. A large part of this growth may be attributed to the fact that the period of instruction by television was always well planned. 7. The use of television offers an opportunity to make wider use of teaching equipment for the benefit of larger numbers of people. One educational film, one experiment model or piece of equipment, can be shown in many classrooms simultaneously. 8. The use of television provides an opportunity for the inservice training of teachers to the extent that demonstration teaching has inservice training value. 9. Television may be able to help with the adaptation, application, and use of subject matter, but this is the primary job of the classroom teacher. During and after the television lesson, the classroom teacher, freed from the major presentation, can identify and remedy individual difficulties. 10. No overall cost figures are available as yet. The cooperating corporations and associations are participating in order to develop experience in charges they would have to make to establish similar service elsewhere. By the end of the 5-year experiment, the board of education expects to assume the full cost of continuing the program. Mr. ELLIOTT. We will stand adjourned until April 15, 1958. (Whereupon, at 10:45 a. m., April 3, 1958, the hearing was adjourned to April 15, 1958.) APPENDIX The two principal bills under discussion, H. R. 10381, introduced by Mr. Elliott, and H. R. 10278, introduced by Mr. Kearns, follows:) [H. R. 10381, 85th Cong., 2d sess.] A BILL To strengthen the national defense, advance the cause of peace, and assure the intellectual preeminence of the United States, especially in science and technology, through programs designed to stimulate the development and to increase the number of students in science, engineering, mathematics, modern foreign languages, and other disciplines, and to provide additional facilities for the teaching thereof; to promote the development of technical skills essential to the national defense; to assist teachers to increase their knowledge and improve their effectiveness; and for other purposes Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That this Act, divided into titles and sections according to the following table of contents, may be cited as the "National Defense Education Act of 1958". TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE I-GENERAL PROVISIONS Sec. 101. Findings and declaration of policy. Sec. 102. Federal control of education prohibited. TITLE II-NATIONAL DEFENSE SCHOLARSHIPS Sec. 201. Appropriations authorized. Sec. 202. Number of scholarships. Sec. 203. Amount of scholarships. Sec. 204. Duration of scholarships. Sec. 205. Selection of recipients of National Defense Scholarships. TITLE V-SCIENCE TEACHING FACILITIES PART A-ASSISTANCE TO STATE EDUCATIONAL AGENCIES Sec. 501. Appropriations authorized. Sec. 502. Allotments to States. Sec. 503. State plans. Sec. 504. Payments to States. PART B-ASSISTANCE TO INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION Sec. 551. Appropriations authorized. Sec. 554. Matching provisions. Sec. 555. Termination of grants. TITLE VI-SUMMER SCHOOL AND EXTENSION COURSES FOR TEACHERS Sec. 601. Authorization and allotment of appropriations for summer school courses. Sec. 604. Stipends and other payments. Sec. 605. Payment. Sec. 606. Termination of stipend. Sec. 607. Administrative expenses of State educational agencies. TITLE VII-NATIONAL DEFENSE FELLOWSHIPS Sec. 701. Appropriations authorized. Sec. 702. Number of fellowships. Sec. 703. Award of fellowships. Sec. 704. Duties of National Advisory Council on Science and Education. Sec. 706. Fellowship conditions. TITLE IX-SCIECE, MATHEMATICS, AND MODERN FOREIGN LANGUAGE CONSULTANTS Sec. 901. Appropriations authorized. Sec. 902. Allotments to States. Sec. 903. State plans. Sec. 904. Payments to States. TITLE X-RESEARCH AND EXPERIMENTATION IN MORE EFFECTIVE UTILIZATION OF TELEVISION, RADIO, MOTION PICTURES, AND RELATED MEDIA FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES PART A-RESEARCH AND EXPERIMENTATION Sec. 1001. Establishment of Institute. Sec. 1002. Functions of the Institute. Sec. 1003. Grants-in-aid; contracts. PART B-ACQUISITION AND DEVELOPMENT OF MATERIALS ADAPTED TO NEW EDUCATIONAL MEDIA Sec. 1031. Functions of the Commissioner. PART C-GENERAL PROVISIONS Sec. 1061. Establishment of the Advisory Council. Sec. 1062. Special personnel. Sec. 1063. Appropriations authorized. Sec. 1064. Approval of grants-in-aid and contracts. Sec. 1065. Termination of title. TITLE XI-CONGRESSIONAL CITATION Sec. 1101. Congressional citation for outstanding scholastic achievement. TITLE XII-VOCATIONAL EDUCATION IN OCCUPATIONS ESSENTIAL TO NATIONAL DEFENSE Sec. 1201. Statement of purpose. Sec. 1202. Definition of area vocational education program. Sec. 1203. Appropriations authorized. Sec. 1204. Area vocational education programs. Sec. 1205. Increased funds for Federal administration. TITLE XIII-MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS Sec. 1301. Administration. Sec. 1302. National Advisory Council on Science and Education. Sec. 1304. Judicial review. Sec. 1305. Method of payment. Sec. 1306. Administrative appropriations authorized. Sec. 1307. Acceptance of grants and bequests. Sec. 1308. Limitation on benefits. Sec. 1309. Allotments to Territories and possessions. TITLE I-GENERAL PROVISIONS FINDINGS AND DECLARATION OF POLICY SEC. 1. The Congress hereby finds and declares that the security of the Nation requires the fullest development of the mental resources and technical skills of its young men and women. The present emergency demands that additional and more adequate educational opportunities be made available, particularly to those students with aptitude and ability in the areas of science, mathematics, engineering, and modern foreign languages. The defense of this Nation depends upon the mastery of modern techniques developed from complex scientific principles. It depends as well upon the discovery and development of new principles, new techniques, and new knowledge. In order to maintain preeminence in all these fields, we must increase our efforts to identify and educate more of the talent of our Nation. This requires programs that will demonstrate our country's recognition of and esteem for those of our students who have striven to develop their intellectual abilities to the fullest extent; will make available greater intellectual opportunities challenging to our youth; will give assurance that no student of ability will be denied an opportunity for higher education because of financial need; will correct as rapidly as possible the existing imbalances in our educational programs which have led to an insufficient proportion of our population educated in science, mathematics and modern foreign languages and trained in technology; and will provide means to make it possible for our teachers to enrich their knowledge of the subject matter which they teach. 1 The Congress reaffirms the principle and declares that the States and local communities have and must retain control over and primary responsibility for public education. The national interest requires, however, that the Federal Government give assistance to education for certain programs where present financial resources are inadequate or which are important to our defense. To meet the present educational emergency requires additional effort at all levels of government. It is therefore the purpose of this Act to provide substantial assistance in various forms to individuals, to States and their subdivisions, and to institutions of higher education in order to insure trained manpower of sufficient quality and quantity to insure that the United States will exercise preeminence in scientific and technical fields. FEDERAL CONTROL OF EDUCATION PROHIBITED SEC. 102. Nothing contained in this Act shall be construed to authorize any department, agency, officer, or employee of the United States to exercise any direction, supervision, or control over the curriculum, program of instruction, administration, or personnel of any educational institution. SEC. 103. As used in this Act DEFINITIONS (a) The term "State" means a State, Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, the District of Columbia, the Canal Zone, Guam, or the Virgin Islands, except that as used in section 206, 302 (a), 502, 601 (b), 602 (b), 802, or 902, such term does not include Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, the Canal Zone, Guam, or the Virgin Islands. (b) The term "institution of higher education" (1) means an educational institution in any State which (A) admits as regular students only persons having a secondary education or its equivalent, (B) is legally authorized within its own State to provide a program of higher education, (C) offers and conducts an educational program extending at least two academic years beyond the high school level, (D) is accredited by a nationally recognized accrediting agency or association approved by the Commissioner, and (E) either is nonprofit and tax-supported, or is determined by the Secretary of the Treasury to be an organization described in section 501 (c) (3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 which is exempt from taxation under section 501 (a) of such Code; and (2) also means, for the purposes of titles II, III, and VI only, an educational institution outside of any State, if the Commissioner determines that such institution is substantially comparable to educational institutions in the States which meet the standards set forth in clause (1) of this subsection. (c) The term "science teaching faciliites" means specialized equipment, including printed materials other than textbooks, suitable for use in providing education in science, mathematics, engineering, or modern foreign languages. (d) The term "acquisition" used in conjunction with "science teaching facilities" includes the alteration of existing buildings and equipping new buildings and existing buildings, whether or not altered. (e) The term "Commissioner" means the Commissioner of Education. (f) The term "Secretary" means the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare. (g) The term "State commission" means a State Commission on Scholarships and Student Loans established in any State to participate in programs under titles II and III. (h) The term "State educational agency" means the State board of education or other agency or officer primarily responsible for the State supervision of public elementary and secondary schools, or, if there is no such officer or agency, an officer or agency designated by the governor or by State law. (i) The term "school-age population" means that part of the population which is between the ages of five and seventeen, both inclusive, and such school-age population for the several States shall be determined by the Commissioner on the basis of the population between such ages for the most recent year for which satisfactory data are available from the Department of Commerce. (j) The term "resident" when used with respect to any State shall have the meaning established by regulations of the Commissioner and shall include a citizen of the United States who is domiciled in such State but is living outside of any State. (k) The term "secondary school" means the seventh through twelfth grades in a public school. (1) The term "elementary school" means the first through sixth grades in a public school. TITLE II-NATIONAL DEFENSE SCHOLARSHIPS APPROPRIATIONS AUTHORIZED SEC. 201. There are hereby authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this title. NUMBER OF SCHOLARSHIPS SEC. 202. During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1959, the Commissioner is authorized to award scholarships to forty thousand persons selected by the State commissions; and during each of the five succeeding fiscal years he is authorized to award scholarships to forty thousand additional persons selected by the State commissions. Scholarships awarded under this title shall be known as "National Defense Scholarships”. AMOUNT OF SCHOLARSHIPS SEC. 203. Persons awarded scholarships under this title shall be paid $1,000 during each academic year of the scholarship's duration, as provided in section 204. The Commissioner shall arrange for the payment of such scholarships to recipients thereof, during the period of their entitlement, in such installments and at such times as he may prescribe. DURATION OF SCHOLARSHIPS SEC. 204. The duration of a National Defense Scholarship awarded under this title shall be a period of time not in excess of four academic years, as defined in regulations of the Commissioner, or, subject to regulations of the Commissioner, such longer period as is normally required to complete the undergraduate curriculum which the recipient is pursuing; but in no event shall the duration extend beyond the completion by the recipient of the work for his first baccalaureate or equivalent degree. Notwithstanding the preceding provisions of this subsection, a scholarship awarded under this title shall entitle the recipient to payments only while he (1) devotes essentially full time to educational work, during the academic year, in attendance at an institution of higher education, (2) is maintaining satisfactory proficiency, as determined by the State commission, in the course of study which he is pursuing, and (3) is not receiving expenses of tuition or other scholarship or fellowship aid, or educational assistance from other Federal sources (other than a monetary allowance under a reserve officers' training program or money paid under other provisions of this Act). |