Scientific Integrity and Public Trust: The Science Behind Federal Policies and Mandates : Case Study 2--climate Models and Projections of Potential Impacts of Global Climate Change : Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Energy and Environment of the Committee on Science, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Fourth Congress, First Session, November 16, 1995, Volume 4U.S. Government Printing Office, 1996 - 1190 pages |
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Page 12
... the books . Very probable means I estimate a nine out of ten chance that this will happen within the range predicted . Probable implies about a two out of three chance . When I label something uncertain , I mean that there 12.
... the books . Very probable means I estimate a nine out of ten chance that this will happen within the range predicted . Probable implies about a two out of three chance . When I label something uncertain , I mean that there 12.
Page 20
... range of 2 to 6 ° fahrenheit . The largest uncertainty is due to the effects of clouds . My own opinion is the warming is more likely to be in the lower half of this range , mainly due to cooling offsets from sulfate aerosols and ozone ...
... range of 2 to 6 ° fahrenheit . The largest uncertainty is due to the effects of clouds . My own opinion is the warming is more likely to be in the lower half of this range , mainly due to cooling offsets from sulfate aerosols and ozone ...
Page 44
... range is not right . According to figure 7 , the range with aerosols is 0.8 to 2.4 ° In reality , it should be somewhat less than 0.8 because the lower limit in the aerosol and non aerosol models cannot logically be the same . Therefore ...
... range is not right . According to figure 7 , the range with aerosols is 0.8 to 2.4 ° In reality , it should be somewhat less than 0.8 because the lower limit in the aerosol and non aerosol models cannot logically be the same . Therefore ...
Page 58
... range does embody that . Now hopefully over time , we will see is that range becoming more narrow as we gain further knowledge and information , but there is still a large degree of uncertainty that will always be there , and that you ...
... range does embody that . Now hopefully over time , we will see is that range becoming more narrow as we gain further knowledge and information , but there is still a large degree of uncertainty that will always be there , and that you ...
Page 63
... range . When scientists talk about a global surface temperature range by the year 2050 of one to 3.5 degrees Fahrenheit embodied in that range is the sense that it could be on this side , it could be on the low side or on the high side ...
... range . When scientists talk about a global surface temperature range by the year 2050 of one to 3.5 degrees Fahrenheit embodied in that range is the sense that it could be on this side , it could be on the low side or on the high side ...
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adaptation aerosols AGBM agencies agriculture analysis anthropogenic areas atmosphere biomass carbon dioxide century climate models climate system CO₂ emissions coastal communications concentrations CONGRESS THE LIBRARY Convention costs Dana Rohrabacher decades developing countries economic ecosystems effects emission reduction energy efficiency environmental estimates expected factors forestry forests fossil fuel future gases Gigagrams Global Change Research global climate models global warming greenhouse effect greenhouse gas emissions impacts implementation improved increase industrial inventory IPCC IPCC Working Group issues land methane mitigation NIERENBERG ocean OECD options Panel Parties period policies and measures population potential predictions production projected radiative forcing range reduce regional response ROHRABACHER SBSTA scenarios Science scientific scientists sea level rise Second Assessment Report secretariat sector simulations sources studies Summary for Policymakers technical technologies temperature uncertainties understanding United USGCRP variability weather
Popular passages
Page 352 - Convention, stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system. Such a level should be achieved within a time frame sufficient to allow ecosystems to adapt naturally to climate change, to ensure that food production is not threatened and to enable economic development to proceed in a sustainable manner.
Page 313 - Convention related to financial resources and transfer of technology and will take fully into account the fact that economic and social development and eradication of poverty are the first and overriding priorities of the developing country Parties.
Page 346 - the balance of evidence suggests a discernible human influence on global climate...
Page 347 - Nevertheless, the balance of evidence suggests that there is a discernible human influence on global climate.
Page 936 - The ultimate objective of the Convention is to achieve the 'stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate...
Page 936 - ... where there are threats of serious or irreversible damage, lack of full scientific certainty should not be used as a reason for postponing such measures, taking into account that policies and measures to deal with climate change should be cost-effective so as to ensure global benefits at the lowest possible cost.
Page 347 - Our ability to quantify the human influence on global climate is currently limited because the expected signal is still emerging from the noise of natural variability, and because there are uncertainties in key factors. These include the magnitude and patterns of...
Page 344 - Climate change' means a change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods.
Page 232 - Department of Defense Department of Energy Department of Health and Human Services...
Page 354 - CO, equilibrium conditions, a substantial fraction (a global average of one-third, varying by region from one-seventh to two-thirds) of the existing forested area of the world will undergo major changes in broad vegetation types — with the greatest changes occurring in high latitudes and the least in the tropics. Climate change is expected to occur at a rapid rate relative to the speed at which forest species grow, reproduce and re-establish themselves.