Between brackets: figures for 50% reduction in marginal costs of renewables over all intervals, and for a doubling of marginal costs of forestry over all intervals respectively. Sources: BP Statistical Review, 1992 and World Resources 1992–93. •Tr = traditional (woodfuel, crop residues and animal dung): Cocoal; Oi - Oil; NG - natural gas: ΣF = total fossils: Al = alternatives (nuclear, hydro, wind, geothermal, etc.) (all % of total energy); ΣEner = total energy; (M)toe = (million) tons of oil equivalent: popul population: GNP gross national product in 1989. Western Europe = OÈCD Europe (includes Turkey); Eastern Europe = non-OECD Europe (includes Cyprus. Gibraltar and Malta): JANZ = Japan, Australia and New Zealand. Source: Van Ettinger (1994), p.12. |