Between brackets: figures for 50% reduction in marginal costs of renewables over all intervals, and for a doubling of marginal costs of forestry over all intervals respectively. Sources: BP Statistical Review, 1992 and World Resources 1992–93. ⚫ Tr = traditional (woodfuel, crop residues and animal dung): Co = coal; Oi Oil; NG » natural gas: EF = total fossils: Al = alternatives (nuclear, hydro, wind, geothermal, etc.) (all % of total energy); ΣEner = total energy: (M)toe = (million) tons of oil equivalent: popul population: GNP = gross national product in 1989. * Western Europe - OECD Europe (includes Turkey); Eastern Europe = non-OECD Europe (includes Cyprus. Gibraltar and Malta): JANZ - Japan, Australia and New Zealand. Source: Van Ettinger (1994), p.12. |