Once 90 percent of our population earned its living from the land. A wise Congress enacted the Morrill Act of 1862 and the Hatch Act of 1887 which helped the State universities help the American people. With the aid of the land-grant colleges, American agriculture produced overwhelming abundance.

Today, 70 percent of our people live in urban communities. They are confronted by problems of poverty, residential blight, polluted air and water, inadequate mass transportation and health services, strained human relations, and overburdened municipal services.

Our great universities have the skills and knowledge to match these mountainous problems. They can offer expert guidance in community planning; research and development in pressing educational problems; economic and job market studies; continuing education of the community's professional and business leadership; and programs for the disadvantaged.

The role of the university must extend far beyond the ordinary extension-type operation. Its research findings and talents must be made available to the community. Faculty must be called upon for consulting activities. Pilot projects, seminars, conferences, TV programs, and task forces drawing on many departments of the university-all should be brought into play.

This is a demanding assignment for the universities, and many are not now ready for it. The time has come for us to help the university to face problems of the city as it once faced problems of the farm.

E. Special manpower needs

We must also ask the colleges and universities to help overcome certain acute deficiencies in trained manpower. At least 100,000 more professional librarians are needed for service in public libraries and in schools and colleges. We need 140,000 more teachers for handicapped children.

I recommend:

Grants to institutions of higher education for training of school, college, and community librarians and related services.

Extension and expansion of grants for training teachers and handicapped children.

CONCLUSION

In 1838, Mirabeau B. Lamar, the second President of the Republic of Texas and the father of Texas education, declared: "The cultivated mind is the guardian genius of democracy. It is the only dictator that freeman acknowledges. It is the only security that freeman desires." Throughout the history of our Nation, the United States has recognized this truth. But during the periods when the country has been most astir with creative activity, when it most keenly sensed the sturdiness of the old reaching out for the vigor of the new, it has given special attention to its educational system.

This was true in the expansive 1820's and 1830's, when the American people acted decisively to build a public school system for the lower grades. It was no less true at the vigorous turn of the 20th century, when high schools were developed for the millions. Again, during

the questing 1930's, fresh ideas stirred the traditions of the ruler and blackboard.

We are now embarked on another venture to put the American dream to work in meeting the new demands of a new day. Once again we must start where men who would improve their society have always known they must begin-with an educational system restudied, reinforced, and revitalized.

C. MESSAGE ON ADVANCING THE NATION'S HEALTH, JANUARY 7, 1965

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(Excerpts)

I recommend legislation to-Increase the authorization for mater nal and child health and crippled children's services, earmarking funds for project grants to provide health screening and diagnosis for children of preschool and school age, as well as treatment and followup care services for disabled children and youth. This should include funds to help defray the operational costs of university-affiliated mental retardation clinical centers. Provisions should also be made for the training of personnel who will operate medical facilities for children.

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recommend legislation to authorize a 5-year program of grants for the initial costs of personnel to man community mental health centers which offer comprehensive services.

Today, we are rehabilitating about 120,000 disabled persons each year. I recommend a stepped-up program to overcome this costly waste of human resources. My 1966 budget will propose increased funds to rehabilitate an additional 25,000.

Our goal should be at least 200,000 a year. I recommend legislation to authorize

Project grants to help States expand their services.

Special Federal matching so that rehabilitative services can be provided to a greater number of the mentally retarded and other seriously disabled individuals.

Construction and modernization of workshops and rehabilitation centers.

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A plan to improve our attack upon major causes of death and disability should become a part of the fabric of our regional and community health services. The services provided under this plan will help the practicing physician keep in touch with the latest medical knowledge and by making available to him the latest techniques, specialized knowledge, and the most efficient methods.

To meet these objectives, such complexes should

Be regional in scope.

Provide services for a variety of diseases-heart disease, cancer, stroke, and other major illnesses.

Be affiliated with medical schools, teaching hospitals, and medical centers.

Be supported by diagnostic services in community hospitals. Provide diagnosis and treatment of patients, together with research and teaching in a coordinated system.

Permit clinical trial of advanced techniques and drugs. Medical complexes-consisting of regional organizations of medical schools, teaching hospitals, and treatment centers tied into community diagnostic and treatment facilities-represent a new kind of organization for providing coordinated teaching, research, and patient care. When we consider that the economic cost of heart disease alone amounts to 540,000 lost man-years annually-worth some $2.5 billion— the urgency and value of effective action is unmistakable.

Action on this new approach, stemming from recommendations of the Commission on Heart Disease, Cancer, and Stroke, will provide significant improvements in many fields of medicine.

I recommend legislation to authorize a 5-year program of project grants to develop multipurpose regional medical complexes for an all-out attack on heart disease, cancer, stroke, and other major diseases.

The 88th Congress provided a substantial foundation for building an effective national program for the prevention of mental retardation and care of the mentally retarded. Under this authority, grants are authorized—

For construction of mental retardation research centers, community mental retardation centers, and university-affiliated mental retardation centers.

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Extensive resources and programs need to be developed in the States and communities to prevent mental retardation and to care for the mentally retarded. The existing authority for planning grants will end on June 30, 1965. The developmental needs and effective utilization of the construction grants require followup action.

I recommend the enactment of mental retardation program development grants for 2 additional years to help the States continue this essential work.

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In all sectors of health care, the need for trained personnel continues to outstrip the supply:

At present, the United States has 290,000 physicians. In a decade, we shall need 346,000.

Today we are keeping pace with our needs largely because of the influx of numbers of foreign-trained doctors. Last year 1,600 came into the United States, the equivalent of the output from 16 medical schools and 21 percent of our medical school graduates. Population growth has badly outpaced the increase in dentists and the shortage of dentists in now acute.

To begin to meet the Nation's health needs, the number of new physicians graduated each year must increase at least 50 percent by 1975, and the output of new dentists by 100 percent.

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The Health Professions Educational Assistance Act of 1963, authorizing grants to schools for construction of medical and other health education schools and loans to students, will help meet this problem. The magnitude of the need is demonstrated by the response:

Ninety applications have been received from medical and dental schools, requesting $247 million in Federal aid for construction. Only $100 million is available in 1965; and the full authorization for 1966, which I will shortly request in the budget I am submitting, will provide $75 million more.

In the light of these needs, I urge the Congress to appropriate the full amount authorized and requested for the Health Professions Educational Assistance Act program.

While we must build new medical and dental schools, we must also retain and sustain the ones we have. To be neglectful of such schools would be wasteful folly.

We must face the fact that high operating costs and shortages of operating funds are jeopardizing our health professions educational system. Tuition and fees paid by medical and dental students meet less than half the institutional costs of their education. Several underfinanced medical and dental schools are threatened with failure to meet educational standards. New schools are slow to start, even when construction funds are available due to lack of operating funds. I therefore recommend legislation to authorize

formula grants to help cover basic operating costs of our health profession schools in order that they may significantly expand both their capacity and the quality of their educational programs; project grants to enable health profession schools to experiment and demonstrate new and improved educational methods.

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recommend legislation to authorize scholarships for medical and dental students who would otherwise not be able to enter or complete such training.

planning to meet the health

We must also look to the future in manpower requirements of the Nation. Unmet health needs are already large. American families are demanding and expecting more and better health services. In the past decades the proportion of our gross national product devoted to health has increased by more than 50 percent. The trend is still upward. If we are to meet our future needs and raise the health of the Nation, we must

Improve utilization of available professional health personnel; Expand the use and training of technicians and ancillary health workers through special schools and under the Vocational Education Act and Manpower Development and Training Act pro

grams;

Expand and improve training programs for professional and for supporting health personnel;

Plan ahead to meet requirements for which the leadtime is often 10 years or more.

With these objectives in mind I have asked the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare to develop a long-range health manpower program for the Nation and to recommend to me the steps which should be taken to put it into effect.

Two decades ago this Nation decided that its Government should be a strong supporter of the health research to advance the well-being of its people. This year that support amounts to more than two-thirds of the total national expenditure of $1.5 billion for health research. Continued growth of this research is necessary and the 1966 budget includes:

Ten-percent growth in expenditures for health research and for the related training.

Funds to begin an automated system for processing the ex· ploding volume of information on drugs and other chemicals related to health.

Health research, no less than patient care, requires adequate facilities. Over the past 8 years the Health Research Facilities Act has been highly successful in helping provide research facilities to universities and other nonprofit institutions. Federal grants of $320 million to 990 construction projects have generated over $500 million in matching institutional dollars.

This authority expires on June 30, 1966, and I recommend that it be extended for 5 years with an increased authorization and with a larger Federal share for specialized research facilities of a national or regional character.

D. MESSAGE RELATIVE TO FOREIGN AID, JANUARY 14, 1965

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(Excerpts)

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I am requesting $580 million as our fiscal year 1966 aid commitment to the Alliance for Progress. This is an increase of $70 million over last year's appropriation.

Impatient expectations of this great joint undertaking have sometimes in the past blinded us to its achievements-achievements which now touch the lives of nearly half of the 200 million people of Latin America. Increasingly, however, the people of the United States have come to recognize what the Alliance means.

To date, a result of U.S. assistance in support of the AllianceOver 75,000 teachers have been trained;

Nearly 10 million schoolbooks have been put in circulation;

Over 12 million children are now participating in school lunch programs an increase of over 8 million in the past 212 years;

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Forty U.S. colleges and universities are working to modernize teaching and training in Latin America.

We can and must mount a more comprehensive program of technical assistance in agriculture engaging the U.S. Department of Agri