eater number of students than ever before possible. Recorded television urses for classroom use are available to educational television stations from e National Center for School and College Television located at Indiana Unirsity, by the Great Plains Regional Instructional Television Library at the niversity of Nebraska, and by the Northeast Instructional Television Service cated in Boston.

The late afternoon, evening, and weekend program schedules of ETV stations e intended to meet the needs and interests of many diversified groups of views. A typical ETV program schedule for home viewing may contain basic edutional courses for illiterates, English and Americanization for the foreign born d vocational courses for the untrained, as well as college level extension courses, graduate courses for doctors of medicine or other professional groups. Other ogram areas are equally varied-documentaries or public affairs forums; chilen's programing; courses in art, chess, cooking, homemaking, or typewriting; cultural features (drama, music, ballet, art).

Government agencies, private industry and foundations underwrite costs of oviding specialized programs on a variety of subjects, including management ining, vocational guidance, preschool programs, welfare projects and cultural d civic events.

In addition to the programs produced locally by the individual stations, most ucational television stations affiliate with national educational television ET) in New York City which produces 5 hours of new programing each week • distribution to its affiliated stations. The local ETV stations contribute minal fees to affiliate and receive NET programs.

The Educational Television Stations Division of the National Association of (ucational Broadcasters, with the cooperation of the Indiana University undation, operates the ETS program service at Indiana University in Bloomton, Ind. This service provides an exchange of a variety of educational and tural programs, selected from the best productions originating at local stans throughout the country. Stations pay a small per program use charge offset distribution costs. This nationwide program distribution service was de possible through grants from the National Home Library Foundation and W. K. Kellogg Foundation.

Regional exchange services are also a major source of supply of educational evision programs, both for in-school courses and general home viewing. The ncipal regional services are the Eastern Educational Network in Boston and · Midwestern Educational Television, Inc., in St. Paul, Minn.

EDUCATIONAL TELEVISION STATIONS

To serve the specific interests of educational television in the United States, ucational television stations (ETS) was established in January 1964, as a ision of the National Association of Educational Broadcasters. ETS has ee major responsibilities: (1) The fulfillment of a comprehensive service voted to matters of mutual concern to all educational television stations now the air; (2) the encouragement and development of new educational tele. ion stations in those areas in which a need and a desire, for such a station sts; and (3) the management of the ETS program service to assure the ilability, to the growing number of ETV stations nationwide, of an expanding ree of quality educational and cultural programs.

CTS is governed by a station-elected board of directors composed of managers ETV stations. Financial support comes from the stations, in the form of an1 membership dues. ETS services include attention to the specific needs and rest of individual stations; preparation of regional and national conferences matters of mutual interest to all educational telecasters; compiling of innation and reports affecting the national progress of the ETV movement; disination of current information to the member stations through news bulletins special notices of key ETV station personnel; and the operation of the ETS gram service.

TS standing committees continually study, analyze, and report regularly to membership on matters of vital concern to educational telecasters, such as ram practices and policies, interconnection, labor relations, community anna television, and engineering.

a addition, ETS member stations share in the overall association activities of National Association of Educational Broadcasters (NAEB) which w aded 40 years ago as the professional association for educational, cul

and public service broadcasting in the United States. Other divisions of the NAEB include the Professional Member Division; National Educational Radio, which operates a nationwide educational radio network; and the Instructional Division. Among its other projects, NAEB conducts the American Samoa ed cational television program and the national project for improvement of tele vised instruction. Publications include a bimonthly journal, a monthly news letter and various other special bulletins of interest to the educational broadcaster. Headquarters of the NAEB and the ETS Division are located at 131⁄2 Connecticut Avenue, NW., Washington, D.C., 20036.

The CHAIRMAN. Does this complete your statement?

Dr. BREITENFELD. Yes, sir.

The CHAIRMAN. Mr. Springer, do you have any questions?

Mr. SPRINGER. I would like to congratulate you on your statement. Besides having three commercial TV's in my own area, I also have one of the large educational stations at the University of Illinois. They have done an outstanding job, one of the finest jobs in some programs that I have seen anywhere, even from towns of larger size, especially in the field of news reporting, the depth in which they are doing it. Whereas, some of the States are doing 5 or 15 minutes, they are doing 30 or 40 minutes of news at one time, covering international matters in depth. These are tremendously helpful, may I say, from many standpoints. They are also using closed circuit to transmit classwork. They are also putting some of that on the air.

I think the educational television industry or business is doing a real job in this country. As one of those who helped get additional funds for them 2 or 3 years ago, if you will recall, I think they are showing some of the results we hoped for and I am glad to see that you are concerned about this problem. You have made an impressive

statement.

The CHAIRMAN. I want to thank you for coming and giving us the benefits of your views. To summarize briefly, you feel that these should be some regulation and that this should be by the FCC. I believe you are in favor of the FCC bill that I introduced?

Dr. BREITENFELD. Yes, sir.

The CHAIRMAN. Does that summarize the essence of your statement? In order to protect the educational system in this country, CATV must be regulated?

Dr. BREITENFELD. It does.

Mr. SPRINGER. Since you are sort of in the middle on this thing, is it your belief that the Staggers bill as introduced, which is the FCC position, so to speak, is such that all TV and CATV can live under those regulations?

Dr. BREITENFELD. The only opinion I can give you, Mr. Springer, is a personal one, since this was not a consideration of the committee. I believe the Staggers bill is a reasonable start and worth a trial.

Mr. SPRINGER. If you were to express an opinion, would you be in favor of closer regulation that is laid out in the FCC rules, or looser regulations?

Dr. BREITENFELD. Closer.

Mr. SPRINGER. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.

The CHAIRMAN. Thank you, very much, Dr. Breitenfeld. We appreciate your coming here and sharing with us your views.

I see in the room one of our colleagues from the State of Texas and I would like to recognize him at this time because he is a very valuable

[ember of the Congress and member of the Rules Committee, Conressman John Young, of Texas.

John, would you care to make a statement?

I might say that I noticed you sitting with Mr. Vann Kennedy ere. Mr. Kennedy was on the witness stand this morning and your ›lleague from Texas Mr. Pickle gave him a very glowing introduction.

STATEMENT OF HON. JOHN YOUNG, A REPRESENTATIVE IN CONGRESS FROM THE STATE OF TEXAS

Mr. YOUNG. Mr. Chairman, if you don't mind, and members of the mmittee, I will simply stand here because I am not going to be here ng enough to be seated.

I want to thank you for your gracious hospitality. I have always en immensely impressed by the accomplishments of this great comittee. I feel I have been particularly in a good place to witness these complishments from my own committee, which, as you say, is the ules Committee. We know from experience that all of these very portant matters that come before this committee are handled expetiously and professionally and extremely ably. I want to complient you and the committee on the fine work that you are doing. Mr. Vann Kennedy did testify this morning. He is a respected, wellought-of citizen of my congressional district. I want to say to the mmittee that I would have been here in person to hear his testimony t I was busily engaged in a matter that was a direct conflict in my hedule, and I had no choice in the matter.

I thank you for your courtesy and I appreciate very much the hearg that you are giving this important matter, likewise.

Thank you, sir.

The CHAIRMAN. Thank you, Congressman Young. I want to tell u that Mr. Kennedy had a very clear statement. When he got rough we all knew where he stood.

Mr. YOUNG. Thank you.

The CHAIRMAN. Our next witness will be Mrs. Dorothy Mugford, of ranton, Pa., station WNEP.

Will you take the stand? I notice you have a prepared statement.

STATEMENT OF MRS. DOROTHY MUGFORD, SCRANTON, PA.

Mrs. MUGFORD. Yes, sir.

The CHAIRMAN. Do you wish to summarize it for the record or do u wish to read it?

Mrs. MUGFORD. I would like to read it, sir.

The CHAIRMAN. Proceed.

Mrs. MUGFORD. My name is Dorothy Mugford. I appear here toy to discuss the benefits of CATV to UHF television station develop

nt.

From 1957 to 1963 I was employed by television stations WDAU 1 WNEP in the Scranton-Wilkes-Barre, Pa., market as promotion ector and CATV liaison.

My CATV function was to represent the stations in their relations h area cable systems, to encourage the systems to receive the station.

signals, and generally to promote mutual understanding and coopera tion between the stations and CATV operators.

In the Scranton-Wilkes-Barre market area there is a concentration of CATV systems greater in number than in any other television market in the country.

I understand that today there are about 93 CATV systems serving 146,000 subscribers within the contours of the three Scranton-WilkesBarre stations. Most of these systems have been in operation since the early 1950's.

At the time I was employed by the Scranton-Wilkes-Barre stations. very little was known by broadcasters as to the extent of CATV development in the market. However, through my own knowledge of the area, visits to communities, through word of mouth, television set dealers and servicemen, and from other sources, we knew generally that the development was sizable.

The stations I worked for recognized the potential of these systems in increasing their audiences. They were also well aware of the topography of the region which gave rise to the CATV development, and they recognized the possibility that many of the systems may not be receiving the station signals because of the availability of other signals in the area from other major market areas.

As part of my duties as CATV liaison for the stations, I undertook a complete CATV market analysis to determine the extent of CATV development within and surrounding the market area.

Through visits to CATV locations and through telephone conversations with CATV operators, I determined the name and address of each CATV system, the manager's name, telephone number, the county location, other communities served by the systems, the number of subscribers, the call letters and broadcast channel numbers of all television stations received by the systems, the channel numbers on which they were received by CATV subscribers, and the system channel capacityto determine whether or not each system was then receiving all the signals it was capable of receiving.

I also made on-site visitations to develop new data, to update previously obtained data, to meet with CATV operators on their home grounds to understand better how the stations could better serve each community, and to improve relations between the stations and the CATV system.

As we assumed, we did find some CATV systems which were not receiving the station's signals. We learned of the existence of these systems through other cable operators, through such published sources as the Television Factbook, through attendance at State and national CATV conventions, from equipment manufacturers, and by going into towns personally to see what the local television situation was, to talk to television dealers, set repairmen, and potential regional advertisers. I planned systematic visits to the cable operators after versing myself thoroughly about the system: signals received, clarity of the sig nals, and what may be needed in way of additional services. Sometimes, I went into the community prior to my official visit to view cable TV and to talk to TV set owners.

I then visited the system operator to determine why he did not receive the station I represented-whether it was a fault of his equip

ment, whether he carried another station with the same network affiliation, and whether our signal was not good over the area or at his antenna site. I would cite the advantages of my station: (1) The fact that we carried a late, late movie to compete with similar offerings from major market stations in Philadelphia or New York City which were receivable in the community; (2) our local news, weather, and sports, which reflected area developments of local interest; (3) the fact that we would supply camera crews to cover local events of newsworthy significance: (4) by creating a desire for our service by calling attention to such things as the local appearance of a Congressman representing the community, citing the shame that it was not available in his community; (5) inviting the operator and his engineer to visit the station so they may learn of our facilities and our problems.

If it was determined that a signal reception problem existed, the station engineer would first check topographic maps to determine the extent of terrain as a factor. He would compare topographic data and engineering contour data to establish the relationship of the location to the station's service contours, and, finally, would examine the technical possibility of making adjustments on the station's special transmitting antenna to determine if the signal could be improved over the community in question.

Then, with permission of the CATV system operator, arrangements were made with his engineer and a CATV engineering firm engaged at the station's expense to find out what could be done to improve reception.

When it was determined that technical adjustments could be made on the CATV system to accommodate reception, the station would loan the necessary equipment to the system, such as receiving antennas, converters, amplifiers, and sometimes the system required complete head-end equipment costing approximately $1,000, which the station provided on many occasions.

Once the technical adjustments were made and prior to the system's adding the signal or replacing another competing signal, the station provided extensive advertising support to introduce itself to the new community as "your local station." Among media used were billboards, radio, newspapers, special mailing pieces and literature for distribution at CATV offices, and once the station was available to viewers the television station itself, which for the first full week provided a special "salute" to the new community through on-the-air promotion such as special programs and special "welcomes" during all local news and weather shows.

Why did we go to all the trouble? Well, we had a simple and proven theory that increased audience would eventually lead to increased local and network advertising rates.

Was it worth the continuing effort?

Let me cite a few examples from our success story:

(1) We were able to secure major programing not otherwise available in the market area. One outstanding example was the New York Yankee weekend and holiday baseball games.

Before we were able to be received by certain CATV systems in several large communities, our station coverage did not attract the type of national advertiser necessary to support the cost of this pro