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20/200, is accompanied by a limit to the field of vision in the better eye to such a degree that its widest diameter subtends an angle of no greater than 20 degrees.

(2) The terms "other severely handicapped" and "severely handicapped individuals" mean an individual or class of individuals under a physical or mental disability, other than blindness, which (according to criteria established by the Committee after consultation with appropriate entities of the Government and taking into account the views of non-Government entities representing the handicapped) constitutes a substantial handicap to employment and is of such a nature as to prevent the individual under such disability from currently engaging in normal competitive employment. (3) The term "qualified nonprofit agency for the blind" means

an agency

(A) organized under the laws of the United States or of any State, operated in the interest of blind individuals, and the net income of which does not inure in whole or in part to the benefit of any shareholder or other individual;

(B) which complies with any applicable occupational health and safety standard prescribed by the Secretary of Labor; and

(C) which in the production of commodities and in the provision of services (whether or not the commodities or services are procured under this Act) during the fiscal year employs blind individuals for not less than 75 per centum of the manhours of direct labor required for the production or provision of the commodities or services.

(4) The term "qualified nonprofit agency for other severely handicapped" means an agency—

(A) organized under the laws of the United States or of any State, operated in the interest of severely handicapped individuals who are not blind, and the net income of which does not inure in whole or in part to the benefit of any shareholder or other individual;

(B) which complies with any applicable occupational health and safety standard prescribed by the Secretary of Labor; and

(C) which in the production of commodities and in the provision of services (whether or not the commodities or services are procured under this Act) during the fiscal year employs blind or other severely handicapped individuals for not less than 75 per centum of the man-hours of direct labor required for the production or provision of the commodities or services. (5) The term "direct labor" includes all work required for preparation, processing, and packing of a commodity, or work directly relating to the performance of a service, but not supervision, administration, inspection, or shipping.

(6) The term "fiscal year" means the twelve-month period beginning on October 1 of each year.

(7) The terms "Government" and "entity of the Government' include any entity of the legislative branch or the judicial branch, any executive agency or military department (as such agency and department are respectively defined by sections 102 and 105 of title 5, United States Code), the United States Postal Service, and any nonappropriated fund instrumentality under the jurisdiction of the Armed Forces.

(8) The term "State" includes the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands.

SEC. 6.2 [41 U.S.C. 48c] There are authorized to be appropriated to the Committee to carry out this Act $240,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1974, and such sums as may be necessary for the succeeding fiscal years.

SHORT TITLE

SEC. 7. [41 U.S.C. 46 note] This Act may be cited as the "Javits-Wagner-O'Day Act".

2 So in law. No section heading for section 6 was included when the section was revised in

its entirety by section 1(4) of Public Law 93-358 (88 Stat. 393).

ANTI-KICKBACK ACT OF 1986

AN ACT To prohibit kickbacks relating to subcontracts under Federal Government contracts.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,

SHORT TITLE

SECTION 1. [41 U.S.C. 51] This Act may be cited as the “AntiKickback Act of 1986”.

DEFINITIONS

SEC. 2. [41 U.S.C. 52] As used in this Act:

(1) The term "contracting agency", when used with respect to a prime contractor, means any department, agency, or establishment of the United States which enters into a prime contract with a prime contractor.

(2) The term "kickback" means any money, fee, commission, credit, gift, gratuity, thing of value, or compensation of any kind which is provided, directly or indirectly, to any prime contractor, prime contractor employee, subcontractor, or subcontractor employee for the purpose of improperly obtaining or rewarding favorable treatment in connection with a prime contract or in connection with a subcontract relating to a prime contract.

(3) The term "person" means a corporation, partnership, business association of any kind, trust, joint-stock company, or individual.

(4) The term "prime contract" means a contract or contratual action entered into by the United States for the purpose of obtaining supplies, materials, equipment, or services of any kind.

(5) The term "prime contractor" means a person who has entered into a prime contract with the United States.

(6) The term "prime contractor employee" means any officer, partner, employee, or agent of a prime contractor.

(7) The term "subcontract" means a contract or contractual action entered into by a prime contractor or subcontractor for the purpose of obtaining supplies, materials, equipment, or services of any kind under a prime contract.

(8) The term "subcontractor"

(A) means any person, other than the prime contractor, who offers to furnish or furnishes any supplies, materials, equipment, or services of any kind under a prime contract or a subcontract entered into in connection with such prime contract; and

(B) includes any person who offers to furnish or furnishes general supplies to the prime contractor or a higher tier subcontractor.

(9) The term "subcontractor employee" means any officer, partner, employee, or agent of a subcontractor.

PROHIBITED CONDUCT

SEC. 3. [41 U.S.C. 53] It is prohibited for any person

(1) to provide, attempt to provide, or offer to provide any kickback;

(2) to solicit, accept, or attempt to accept any kickback; or (3) to include, directly or indirectly, the amount of any kickback prohibited by clause (1) or (2) in the contract price charged by a subcontractor to a prime contractor or a higher tier subcontractor or in the contract price charged by a prime contractor to the United States.

CRIMINAL PENALTIES

SEC. 4. [41 U.S.C. 54] Any person who knowingly and willfully engages in conduct prohibited by section 3 shall be imprisoned for not more than 10 years or shall be subject to a fine in accordance with title 18, United States Code, or both.

CIVIL ACTIONS

SEC. 5. [41 U.S.C. 55] (a)(1) The United States may, in a civil action, recover a civil penalty from any person who knowingly engages in conduct prohibited by section 3. The amount of such civil penalty shall be—

(A) twice the amount of each kickback involved in the violation; and

(B) not more than $10,000 for each occurrence of prohibited conduct.

(2) The United States may, in a civil action, recover a civil penalty from any person whose employee, subcontractor or subcontractor employee violates section 3 by providing, accepting, or charging a kickback. The amount of such civil penalty shall be the amount of that kickback.

(b) A civil action under this section shall be barred unless the action is commenced within 6 years after the later of (1) the date on which the prohibited conduct establishing the cause of action occurred, and (2) the date on which the United States first knew or should reasonably have known that the prohibited conduct had occurred.

ADMINISTRATIVE OFFSETS

SEC. 6. [41 U.S.C. 56] (a) A contracting officer of a contracting agency may offset the amount of a kickback provided, accepted, or charged in violation of section 3 against any moneys owed by the United States to the prime contractor under the prime contract to which such kickback relates.

(b)(1) Upon direction of a contracting officer of a contracting agency with respect to a prime contract, the prime contractor shall withhold from any sums owed to a subcontractor under a sub

contract of the prime contract the amount of any kickback which was or may be offset against that prime contractor under subsection (a).

(2) Such contracting officer may order that sums withheld under paragrah (1)—

(A) be paid over to the contracting agency; or

(B) if the United States has already offset the amount of such sums against that prime contractor, be retained by the prime contractor.

(3) The prime contractor shall notify the contracting officer when an amount is withheld and retained under paragraph (2)(B).

(c) An offset under subsection (a) or a direction or order of a contracting officer under subsection (b) is a claim by the Government for the purposes of the Contract Disputes Act of 1978.

(d) As used in this section, the term "contracting officer" has the meaning given that term for the purposes of the Contract Disputes Act of 1978.

CONTRACTOR RESPONSIBILITIES

SEC. 7. [41 U.S.C. 57] (a) Each contracting agency shall include in each prime contract awarded by such agency a requirement that the prime contractor shall have in place and follow reasonable procedures designed to prevent and detect violations of section 3 in its own operations and direct business relationships.

(b) Each contracting agency shall include in each prime contract awarded by such agency a requirement that the prime contractor shall cooperate fully with any Federal Government agency investigating a violation of section 3.

(c)(1)(A) Whenever a prime contractor or subcontractor has reasonable grounds to believe that a violation of section 3 may have occurred, the prime contractor or subcontractor shall promptly report the possible violation in writing.

(B) A contractor shall make the reports required by subparagraph (A) to the inspector general of the contracting agency, the head of the contracting agency if the agency does not have an inspector general, or the Department of Justice.

(2) In the case of an administrative or contractual action to suspend or debar any person who is eligible to enter into contracts with the Federal Government, evidence that such person has supplied information to the United States pursuant to paragraph (1) shall be favorable evidence of such person's responsibility for the purposes of Federal procurement laws and regulations.

(d) Subsections (a) and (b) do not apply to a prime contract that is not greater than $100,000 or to a prime contract for the acquisition of commercial items (as defined in section 4(12) of the Office of Federal Procurement Policy Act (41 U.S.C. 403(12))).

(e) Notwithstanding subsection (d), a prime contractor shall cooperate fully with any Federal Government agency investigating a violation of section 3.

INSPECTION AUTHORITY

SEC. 8. [41 U.S.C. 58] For the purpose of ascertaining whether there has been a violation of section 3 with respect to any prime

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