The provisions regarding naturalization are contained in article 14 of the civil code, modified by the law of September 5, 1860, as follows: All those who are qualified to acquire Haitian citizenship by virtue of the constitution, should, within a month after their arrival in the country, make a declaration before the justice of the peace of their place of residence and in the presence of two respectable citizens that they come with the intention of settling in the Republic. They shall at the same time take an oath before the justice of the peace that they renounce allegiance to all other countries except Haiti. Furnished with a copy of the record of their declaration that they come to establish themselves in the Republic, and of their oath, they shall present themselves at the office of the President of Haiti to receive from the Head of the Nation a certificate recognizing them as citizens of the Republic. ART. 6. Honduraneans are either native or naturalized. 1. All persons born or who may be born in the territory of the Republic. The nationality of the children of foreigners, born in Honduranean territory, and that of the children of Honduraneans, born in foreign territory, shall be determined by treaties. If there are no treaties, children born in Honduras of foreign parents domiciled in the country shall be Honduraneans. 2. The natives of other Central American Republics shall be considered as native Honduraneans by virtue of their residing in any part of the territory of Honduras, unless they declare their intention of retaining their nationality before the proper authority. ART. 8. The following are naturalized Honduraneans: 1. The Spanish-Americans who have resided in the country one year and declare their desire to become naturalized therein before the proper authority. 2. Other foreigners who have resided in the country two years and declare their desire to become naturalized therein before the proper authority. 3. Those who obtain naturalization papers granted by the authority designated by the law. TITLE IV.-Citizens. ART. 22. The following persons lose their citizenship: 1. Those who accept employment from foreign nations without the permission of the proper authority. The Central American Republic are not considered as foreign nations. 2. Those who become naturalized in a foreign country. No Honduranean, even though he may acquire foreign nationality, shall become exempt from the duties imposed upon him by the constitution. and the laws, as long as he maintains his residence in the Republic. ALIEN LAW. [Translation.] CHAPTER I.-Foreigners. ART. 1. The following are foreigners: 1. Those who were neither born in the Republic nor have become naturalized therein. 2. The natives of other Central American Republics who reside in any part of the territory of Honduras and who do not declare their intention to retain their nationality before the proper civil governor. 3. Spanish Americans who have resided one year in Honduras and have not declared their desire to become naturalized in the country before the authority indicated. 4. Honduraneans who become naturalized in another country and remove their residence thereto. 5. Those who serve foreign governments officially without the proper authorization. ART. 2. The nationality of the children of foreigners, born in Honduranean territory, and the children of Honduraneans, born in foreign territory, shall be determined by treaties. When there are no treaties, children born in Honduras of foreign parents domiciled in the country are Honduraneans. ART. 3. For the purpose of determining the place of birth in the cases mentioned in the foregoing article, it is declared that national vessels are a part of the territory of Honduras. ART. 4. The children of ministers and employees of the legations of the Republic shall not be considered as being born outside of the Republic for the purposes of this law. ART. 5. Honduranean women who contract marriage with foreigners shall preserve their nationality if they continue to reside in the country. ART. 6. A change in the nationality of the husband shall not involve a change in the nationality of the wife or of the minor children subject to the paternal authority, provided they reside in Honduras. ART. 7. The nationality of artificial persons (corporations) is regulated by the law under which they are organized. Therefore all those which are organized in accordance with the laws of the Republic shall be Honduraneans, provided always that they have their legal domicile there. ART. 8. Foreign corporations enjoy in Honduras the rights granted them by the laws of the country of their domicile, provided they are not contrary to the laws of Honduras and have been recognized by the executive branch of the Government. CHAPTER II.-Expatriation. ART. 9. Just as Honduraneans may expatriate themselves by becoming naturalized in another country, by virtue of their individual freedom of action, so may foreigners acquire Honduranean citizenship in conformity with the laws of the Republic. a Codificacion de 1906. ART. 10. Expatriation and consequent naturalization obtained in a foreign country do not exempt a criminal from the extradition, trial, and punishment to which he is subject according to treaties, international practice, and the laws of the nation. ART. 11. No Honduranean shall become exempt from the duties imposed on him by the constitution and the laws, even though he may have acquired foreign nationality, as long as he has his domicile in the Republic. ART. 12. Persons naturalized in Honduras shall, even though they happen to be in a foreign country, be entitled to the same protection as Honduraneans by birth, both in regard to their persons and their property. ART. 13. The Government of the Republic shall, in order to protect Honduraneans residing abroad, employ the procedures and the means established in treaties, and failing the latter, the principles of international law shall be observed. CHAPTER III.-Naturalization. ART. 14. Any foreigner may acquire Honduranean citizenship by obtaining naturalization papers from Congress, or from the Executive when Congress is not in session. ART. 15. A foreigner who desires to become naturalized shall make an application in writing, either himself or through a duly authorized representative, stating that he renounces all subjection, obedience, and fidelity to any other government, and especially to that of the country of which he has been a citizen, as well as all protection beyond that of the laws and authorities of Honduras, and every right which treaties or international law grant to foreigners, besides making a solemn promise to follow and obey the laws and the authorities. ART. 16. The following are considered to be naturalized in Honduras: 1. Spanish-Americans who have resided one year in the country and declare their desire to become naturalized therein before the civil governor of the department in which they reside. 2. Other foreigners who have resided two years in the Republic and declare their intention to become naturalized therein before the authority mentioned in the foregoing number, and who have fulfilled the requirements of article 2 of this chapter. ART. 17. Naturalization papers shall not be granted to the subjects or citizens of a nation with which the Republic is at war. ART. 18. Neither shall they be granted to persons reputed and judicially declared in other countries to be pirates, slave traders, incendiaries, or counterfeiters of coin, bank notes, or other paper used as money, nor to assassins, kidnapers and robbers. Naturalization obtained fraudulently by a foreigner in violation of the law shall be ipso jure null and void. ART. 19. Naturalization papers or certificates shall be issued gratuitously, it being unpermissible to collect any fee for them under any pretext. ART. 20. The naturalization of a foreigner in Honduras becomes effective from the day following that on which the conditions imposed by the law for acquiring it have been fulfilled. Rights which have become perfect or which were acquired in the original country shall be governed by the laws of the latter, but rights which are in expectancy shall be governed by the laws of Honduras. [Enclosures in despatch from Mr. Hitt, chargé d'affaires, November 6, 1906.] THE FOREIGN OFFICE TO THE EMBASSY, OCTOBER 6, 1906. No. 54412-82.] [Translation.] MINISTRY FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS, In reply to the note verbale of August 13 last, the ministry of foreign affairs can not better answer the various questions asked by the embassy of the United States than by stating that everything regarding the acquisition, loss, and recovery of citizenship is expressly regulated by articles 4 to 15 of the Italian civil code, a copy of which is herewith inclosed. Moreover, articles 35 and 36 of the recent emigration law of January 31, 1901 (No. 23), has modified some of the provisions of the above-mentioned code which concern citizenship, while everything relating to the conferring of citizenship has been modified by the law of May 17, 1906. A copy of this law and of the articles referred to is also inclosed herewith. Concerning the inquiry as to the means employed by the Italian Government for the protection of its citizens residing permanently abroad, the ministry of foreign affairs begs leave to state that the protection of such persons and their interests is intrusted to the royal diplomatic and consular representatives, whose duties and privileges are regulated by the international conventions concluded with the country in which they reside, by the consular law of January 28, 1886 (No. 2804), and by the regulations on the subject of June 7, 1886 (No. 2996). CIVIL CODE. [Translation.] ART. 4. A child whose father is a citizen is a citizen. ART. 5. If the father has lost his citizenship before the birth of the child, the latter is considered a citizen if he was born in the Kingdom and has his residence there. He may, however, within a year after attaining his majority according to the laws of the Kingdom, elect foreign nationality by making a declaration to this effect before the registrar of civil status of his place of residence, or, if he is in a foreign country, before the Italian diplomatic or consular officer. ART. 6. A child born in a foreign country of a father who had lost his citizenship before the child's birth is considered a foreigner. He may, however, elect citizenship provided he makes a declaration to this effect in accordance with the foregoing article and establishes his domicile in the Kingdom within a year after making * the declaration. * * However, if he has accepted a public office in the Kingdom, or has served or is serving in the army or navy, or has otherwise satisfied the requirements of the military service without claiming exemption as a foreigner, he shall be considered a citizen without any further requisite. ART. 7. A child born of a mother who is a citizen, and whose father is unknown, is a citizen. If the mother has lost her citizenship before the birth of the child, the provisions of the two foregoing articles shall not apply to the latter. A child born in the Kingdom whose mother is also unknown is a citizen. ART. 8. A child born in the Kingdom of a foreigner who has had his domicile there for ten years uninterruptedly is considered a citizen, but residence for purposes of commerce is not sufficient to establish domicile. He may, however, elect foreign nationality by making a declaration to that effect at the time and in the manner established in article 5. If the foreigner has not had his domicile in the Kingdom for ten years the child is considered a foreigner, but the last two paragraphs of article 6 shall be applicable to him. ART. 9. A foreign woman who marries a citizen acquires citizenship and retains it even if she becomes a widow. ART. 10. Citizenship may be acquired by a foreigner also through naturalization granted by law or by royal decree. The royal decree shall not take effect unless recorded by the registrar of civil status of the place where the foreigner intends to establish or has established his domicile, and unless he takes an oath before the said officer that he will be loyal to the King and observe the constitution and the laws of the Kingdom. The decree must be recorded within six months after its issue, otherwise it becomes void. The wife and minor children of a foreigner who has acquired citizenship become citizens provided they have also established their residence in the Kingdom: however, the children may elect foreign nationality by making a declaration to that effect according to article 5. ART. 11. Citizenship is lost by the following persons: 1. He who renounces it by so declaring before the registrar of civil status of his own domicile, and who transfers his residence to a foreign country. 2. He who has acquired citizenship in a foreign country. 3. He who accepts employment from a foreign government without permission of his own, or who enters the military service of a foreign power. The wife and minor children of one who has lost his citizenship becomes foreigners, unless they have continued to maintain their residence in the Kingdom. Nevertheless, they may recover their citizenship in the cases and in the manners set forth in the second paragraph of article 14, as |