COLOMBIA.

CONSTITUTION (1886).

[Translation.]

TITLE II.-The inhabitants: Citizens and foreigners.

ARTICLE 8.

The following are Colombian citizens:

1. By birth:

Natives of Colombia, under one of two conditions, viz, that the father or mother shall also have been a native, or, in the case of children of foreigners, that they shall be domiciled in the Republic.

The legitimate children of a Colombian father and mother, who are born in a foreign land and afterwards become domiciled in the Republic, shall be considered as Colombians by birth for the purposes of laws which require this qualification.

2. By origin and residence:

Those who, being the children of a mother or father who are natives of Colombia, were born abroad and become domiciled in the Republic; and any Spanish Americans who ask to be registered as Colombians before the municipal authorities of the place where they settle.

3. By adoption:

Foreigners who request and obtain naturalization papers.

ARTICLE 9.

The status of a Colombian citizen is lost by acquiring naturalization papers in a foreign country and establishing domicile therein, and it may be recovered in accordance with the laws.

ARTICLE 10.

It is the duty of all citizens and foreigners in Colombia to live in submission to the constitution and the laws, and to respect and obey the authorities.

ARTICLE 11.

Foreigners shall enjoy the same rights in Colombia as are granted to Colombians by the laws of the nation to which the foreigner belongs, save the stipulations of public treaties.

ARTICLE 12.

The law shall define the status of domiciled foreigners, and the special rights and obligations of those possessing this status.

ARTICLE 13.

A Colombian who is caught bearing arms in a war against Colombia shall be tried and punished as a traitor even though he has lost his citizenship.

Foreigners naturalized and domiciled in Colombia shall not be obliged to bear arms against the country of their origin.

ARTICLE 14.

Companies or corporations which are recognized in Colombia as artificial persons shall not have any other rights than those belonging to Colombian persons.

ARTICLE 15.

All male Colombians twenty-one years of age who practice some profession, art, or trade, or have some lawful occupation or other legitimate or known means of support, are citizens.

ARTICLE 16.

Citizenship is lost ipso facto when nationality is lost.

Citizens also lose their status as such in the following cases, judicially declared:

1. When they have entered the service of a nation at enmity with Colombia.

2. When they have belonged to a faction which has risen against the government of a friendly nation.

3. When they have been condemned to suffer corporal punishment. 4. When they have been removed from public office by a criminal judgment or one involving liability.

5. When they have committed acts of violence, falsehood, or corruption in elections.

Those who have lost their citizenship may ask rehabilitation of the Senate.

ARTICLE 17.

The exercise of the rights of citizenship is suspended for the following causes:

1. Well-known mental alienation.

2. Judicial interdiction.

3. Habitual drunkenness.

4. Criminal prosecution, as soon as the judge issues a warrant of rrest.

ARTICLE 18.

The status of a citizen entitled to exercise all rights as such is an essential prerequisite to the exercise of the rights of suffrage and to the right to hold public offices which confer authority or jurisdiction.

COSTA RICA.

CONSTITUTION (1871).

[Translation.]

TITLE II.

SECTION FIRST.-Costa Ricans.

ART. 4. Costa Ricans are either native or naturalized.

ART. 5. Native Costa Ricans are:

1. All persons born in the territory of the Republic, except those who, being the issue of a foreign father or mother, should, under the law, be clothed with foreign nationality of the latter.

2. The children of a Costa Rican father or mother, born outside the territory of the Republic, whose names have been inscribed in the civil register, by their parents during their minority, or by themselves after reaching full age.

3. The children of a foreign father or mother born in the territory of the Republic who, after having reached the age of twenty-one years, register themselves as Costa Ricans, or were registered as such by their parents before reaching that age.

4. The inhabitants of the Province of Guanacaste who settled within its limits between the date of its annexation to this Republic and the date of the treaty concluded with Nicaragua (April 15. 1858) shall be native citizens.

ART. 6. Naturalized Costa Ricans are:

1. Those who have acquired that quality by virtue of laws heretofore enacted.

2. Foreign women married to Costa Ricans.

3. Persons born in other countries who, after having resided one year in the Republic, obtain naturalization papers.

ART. 7. Costa Rican citizenship is lost and recovered for the causes and by the means established by law.

ART. 8. Costa Ricans are bound to observe the constitution and the laws, serve their country, defend it, and contribute to the public

expenses.

SECTION SECOND.-Citizens.

ART. 9. Costa Rican citizens are all native or naturalized Costa Ricans who have reached twenty years of age, or eighteen years if they are married or are professors of some science; provided in all cases that they own some property, or have an honest trade, the fruits or income of which are sufficient to support them in proportion to their condition of life.

ART. 10. The rights of citizenship are suspended, lost, and recovered for the causes established by law.

ART. 11. Those who having lost their citizenship, except through treason to their country, may be rehabilitated, if sufficient legal grounds are set forth in the application for the favor.

SECTION THIRD.-Foreigners.

ART. 12. Foreigners enjoy in the territory of the Nation the same civil rights as citizens; they can exercise their industries or commerce, hold real property, purchase and sell it, navigate the rivers and coasts, freely exercise their religion, dispose of their property by last will and testament, and contract marriage according to law. They are not bound to become citizens, nor to pay forced extraordinary taxes."

[Translation.]

LAW ON FOREIGNERS AND NATURALIZATION (OF DECEMBER 21, 1886, PRE

PARED BY THE PERMANENT COMMITTEE AND APPROVED BY CONGRESS IN

THE DECREE OF MAY 13, 1889, EXCEPT ARTICLE 15, WHICH WAS OMITTED).

ARTICLE 1. The following are native Costa Ricans:

(1) The legitimate child of a Costa Rican father, whatever be the place of its birth.

(2) The illegitimate child of a Costa Rican mother, whatever be the place of its birth.

(3) The illigitimate child of a foreign mother, recognized by a Costa Rican father.

(4) A child born or found within the territory of the Republic, its parents or nationality being unknown.

(5) The inhabitants of the province of Guanacaste who were permanently settled there from its incorporation into this Republic (December 9, 1825) up to the treaty of April 15, 1858, concluded with Nicaragua.

(6) The children of a foreign father who were born within the national territory, and who, after attaining twenty-one years of age, inscribe themselves of their own accord in the civil registry, or who are inscribed before attaining this age at the instance of their father (or, if there be none, of their mother).

ARTICLE 2. Children under 21 years of age, of a Costa Rican father, who have lost their nationality, may, on attaining their majority, claim Costa Rican citizenship by making a declaration to this effect before the diplomatic or consular officers of the Republic, if they reside abroad, or before the department of foreign relations if they reside within the national territory.

The same shall apply to natural children of a Costa Rican mother who has lost her nationality and who have not been recognized by a foreign father.

ARTICLE 3. The following are naturalized Costa Ricans:

(1) Foreigners who acquire or have acquired Costa Rican citizenship according to the law.

(2) Costa Ricans who, having lost their nationality, recover it. (3) A foreign woman who marries a Costa Rican, she preserving this nationality even after becoming a widow.

Text as printed in American Constitutions by Rodriguez (1905), I, 326.

ARTICLE 4. The following lose their Costa Rican nationality: (1) Costa Ricans who become naturalized in a foreign country. (2) Those who accept public offices, titles, or decorations conferred by a foreign government, without the consent of their own government, with the exception of literary, scientific, or humanitarian titles, which may be freely accepted.

(3) Those who, without the permission of the government, perform military service in a foreign nation or enlist in a foreign military organization.

(4) The illegitimate minor son of a Costa Rican mother on being recognized by his foreign father with the consent of the mother.

(5) A Costa Rican woman who marries a foreigner, her nationality remaining lost even in widowhood, unless she fails to acquire the nationality of her husband according to the laws of the latter's country, in which case she preserves her own nationality.

ARTICLE 5. A Costa Rican who has lost his nationality may recover it:

(1) If his case is that described under (1) of the foregoing article, by returning to the territory of the Republic if he is abroad, and declaring before the department of foreign relations that he desires to settle in Costa Rica and that he renounces his foreign citizenship.

(2) If his case is that of (2), by expressly declaring before the office of foreign relations that he has given up the office, title, or decoration which was conferred on him by the foreign government.

(3) If he comes under case (3) of the same article, by soliciting the consent of the government to return to the territory of the Republic, and, if the government grants this, by returning to Costa Rica in order to fulfill the conditions imposed on foreigners desiring

to become naturalized.

(4) If his case be that indicated under (4), by declaring, on attaining his majority, before the office of foreign relations that he chooses Costa Rican citizenship, or by his father inscribing him in the civil register before this age.

(5) In case (5) the widow, on the marriage being dissolved, may return to the territory of the Republic and declare before the office of foreign relations that she desires to settle in the Republic, and that she renounces her foreign nationality.

ARTICLE 6. A change of nationality on the part of the husband during marriage involves a change of nationality of the wife, if, according to the laws of the country in which the husband has acquired citizenship, the wife follows the husband's status.

ARTICLE 7. The rule that a child in utero matris is considered as being born for all intents and purposes favorable to it may be invoked by a person desirous of acquiring or preserving Costa Rican citizenship.

ARTICLE 8. Any foreigner may become naturalized in Costa Rica who proves

(1) That he is of age according to the laws of his country;

(2) That he has a profession, trade, or income from which to live; (3) That he has resided at least a year in the Republic and that he has observed good conduct.

ARTICLE 9. Citizenship papers will not be granted to the citizens or subjects of a nation with which the Republic is at war, nor to those declared judicially in other countries to be pirates, slave traders, in